• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.4 s.33
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• pp.483-494
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a novel program specific information structure(PSI) in MPEG-2 system for a three-dimensional broadcasting system while guaranteeing compatibility with the conventional digital broadcasting system. The proposed PSI structure including a descriptor of contents type, 2D or 3D, provides service providers with a function of combining 2D and 3D contents freely. However the descriptor is ignored in the conventional digital broadcasting set-top box. With the proposed PSI structure, we designed and implemented a three-dimensional broadcasting system. The proposed system has 2D or 3D display mode for providing user's preference in a three-dimensional broadcasting environment.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.3 s.32
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• pp.336-348
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• 2006

The recent advances in multimedia signal coding and transmission technologies allow lots of users to watch videos on small LCD displays. In this paper, we briefly describe an intelligent display technique to provide small-display-viewers with comfortable experiences, and study the minimum image size tolerated and utility of displaying region of interest (ROI) only when needed. The study, with 111 participants, examines minimum image size to ensure viewers pleasant viewing experiences, and evaluates the degree of satisfaction when they are viewed with region of interest (ROI) only. The experimental results show that the ROI display enhances the viewers' satisfaction when the image size becomes less than $320{\times}240$, and thus it is useful to provide the intelligent display, if necessary, which can extract and display ROI only.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.180-183
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• 2011

최근 3D 입체영상에 대한 소비자들의 관심 증대로 가전 업체들은 3D TV, 3D Monitor등의 제품들을 출시하고 있고, 이에 따라 3D 콘텐츠 시장도 급격히 성장할 것으로 예상된다. 또한 네트워크 인프라의 발전으로 IP(Internet Protocol)망을 통한 고화질 동영상의 유통이 가능해졌다. 하지만, QoS(Quality of Service)를 보장하지 않는 IP 기반 전송환경에서의 고화질 미디어 스트리밍 서비스는 콘텐츠를 시청하는 소비자 관점에서 필수적으로 보장되어야 하는 끊김 없는 영상서비스를 제공하는데 제약이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서, IP 망 네트워크 환경을 고려하여 사용자들이 원하는 콘텐츠를 고품질 혹은 저품질로 제공 할 수 있는 Adaptive 스트리밍 서비스에 관한 기술 개발이 등장하게 되었고, 현재 국제 표준화 기구인 MPEG(Moving Picture experts Group)에서 DASH(Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP)라는 이름으로 표준화가 진행 중에 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 DASH를 이용한 효율적 3D Adaptive 스트리밍 서비스 제공 방안을 제안한다. DASH를 이용한 3D 서비스는 사용자들에게 IP 망을 통해 다양한 품질의 3D 콘텐츠를 제공할 수 있으며, 또한 하나의 3D 콘텐츠로 다양한 디바이스에 적용 가능하다는 이점이 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.521-534
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• 2017

In 2013 the Netflix, an OTT in USA, launched all at once 13 episodes of the House of Cards season. Binge-watching is the word which means watching continuously 2~6 episodes of a TV program with one sitting, the new normal of TV watching behavior, cultural and social currents all over the world. This study has analyzed the factors and motivations which affect to the persistent intention to use binge-watching. It conducted an online survey from 333 Quota sample from Korean age groups between 20th~60th with 81 questionnaires. The 5 groups were induced as motivation factors to binge-watching. The 3 groups which consisted of , , are affecting as positive to intention to use binge-watching. But the other 2 groups which are and doing as negative. The survey has shown that the persistent intention to binge-watching is affected by ages more younger, whom doing binge watching more frequently, whom estimating more higher to the conceived usefulness to use. As a theoretical model, expanded technology acceptance model was adopted and US drama House of Cards. This study could promote the next generation contents planning and S-VOD service industry.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.40-43
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• 2009

방통융합의 대표적인 서비스인 IPTV의 상용화로 이용자에게는 방송에 대한 다양한 선택의 자유와 편익을 주고 있다. 본 논문에서는 대화시스템을 통해 IPTV 서비스 이용자가 원격 모바일 환경에서 댁내의 IPTV 셋톱장치의 상태를 조회하고 셋톱장치의 환경설정을 변경하거나, IPTV의 채널이나 컨텐츠를 재생할 수 있는 대화시스템의 구조를 제안한다. 이러한 대화시스템을 이용하여 IPTV 사용자는 원격에서 가정내의 자녀들의 TV 시청을 지도하고, 셋톱장치나 리모컨에 익숙하지 않은 유아나 노년층을 위해 원격에서 컨텐츠 재생이 가능하도록 한다. IPTV 영역에 대한 요구 분석을 통해 화행과 의미구조를 수립하였으며, 1만 3천 대화쌍을 수집하였다. 다양한 IPTV 영역에 대응하기 위해 예제기반 추론 방법과 규칙기반 추론 방법을 결합하여 사용할 수 있도록 하였으며, EPG 검색 모듈을 추론모듈에 추가하였다. 또한 SMS 영역에서의 성능향상을 위한 전처리를 도입하였다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated differences in stereoscopic fusional area between those with good and poor stereo acuity in viewing stereoscopic displays. Methods: Stereo acuity of 39 participants (18 males and 21 females, $23.6{\pm}3.15years$) was measured with the random dot stereo butterfly method. Participants with stereo-blindness were not included. Stereoscopic fusional area was measured using stereoscopic stimulus by varying the amount of horizontal disparity in a stereoscopic 3D TV. Participants were divided into two groups of good and poor stereo acuity. Criterion for good stereo acuity was determined as less than 60 arc seconds. Measurements arising from the participants were statistically analyzed. Results: 26 participants were measured to have good stereo acuity and 13 participants poor stereo acuity. In case of the stereoscopic stimulus farther than the fixation point, threshold of horizontal disparity for those with poor stereo acuity were measured to be smaller than the threshold for those with good stereo acuity, with a statistically significant difference. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, in case of the stereoscopic stimulus nearer to the fixation point. Conclusions: In viewing stereoscopic displays, the boundary of stereoscopic fusional area for the poor stereo acuity group was smaller than the boundary of good stereo acuity group only for the range behind the display. Hence, in viewing stereoscopic displays, participants with poor stereo acuity would have more difficulty perceiving the fused image at farther distances compared to participants with good stereo acuity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.11
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• pp.1010-1018
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• 2013

The dual-stream based stereoscopic 3D broadcasting standard was developed in 2011. EBS broadcasted 3DTV experimental service according to this standard in April 2012. Dual-stream based 3DTV broadcasting is service-compatible and backward-compatible, so viewers who have legacy 2D HDTV can watch the broadcasting content as 2D. And 3DTV viewers can select watching 2D or 3D. Since 3D content production is not usual yet for terrestrial broadcasters, only some particular programs in specific periods will be broadcasted as 3D at the initiatory stage. For it, stable viewing condition is strongly required for both 2D viewers and 3D viewers. This paper suggests broadcasting transmission system structure and effective switching scheme for stable 2D and 3D viewing conditions in the case of dual-stream based terrestrial 3DTV broadcasting.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2002

This study was done to determine the factors associated with childhood overweight in 721 sixth grade elementary school students, in Busan. The students' heights, weights, waist circumferences and triceps-skinfold thicknesses were measured using standard techniques. Other data were collected using a questionnaire that included information about physical activity, television watching, and the amount of exorcise taken during leisure times, family history of diseases related to obesity: social data including family income, parents'education and occupations, eating behaviors; parental weights and heights; and parental activity levels. Childhood overweight was defined as a body mass index at or above the 85th percentile for age and sex. The prevalence of overweight revealed no significant difference between sexes, (24.2% in boys and 22.03% in girls). The risk of childhood overweight was significantly greater if either the mother or the father were overweight. The odds ratio for childhood overweight associated with maternal overweight was 5.045 (94% CI : 3.262-7.801), and 2.727 (95% CI : 1.764-4.218) was the case for parental overweight. Children having a history of hear diseases had higher odds ratios than those who did not. The odds ratios for overweight associated with income were not different. However, a higher odds ratio for overweight was observed in children whose fathers had only an elementary or middle school education than those whore fathers had a high school or college education. Children whose fathers' occupations were service workers or shopkeepers (OR : 3.314, 95% C = 1.851-5.934) or had no occupation (OR = 3.756, 95% CI : 1.898-7.430) had a treater risk of overweight than those whose fathers'were professionals or once workers. The risk of overweight increased in children having more irregular meal times and faster eating times, rather than those having an intake pattern of high energy and sugar containing floods. The amount of exercise taken during leisure times, and daily physical activity showed no difference between overweight and non-overweight children. However, television watching time, especially on weekends, was greater in overweight children than in non-overweight children. Television watching time was positively correlated with BMI, triceps-skin(31d thickness, waist circumference and waist/height ratio. Therefore, television watching was found to be a useful predictor of overweight in children. Television watching in children was negatively related to paternal activity levels, and positively related to parental television watching time. In fact, fathers whose children were overweight were physically less active than fathers whose children were non-overweight. Parents appeared to be a strong influence on their children's physical activity levels. In conclusion, a low family social class, defined on the basis of the father's occupation or education, parental overweight, increased television watching, and unhealthy physical activity levels in parents were all considered risk factors for childhood overweight. Among these, television watching time and lack of physical activity were considered to be the most important risk factors that could be easily modified for the prevention of and intervention in, overweight in children.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.150-159
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• 2008

Purpose: To assess the relationship between lifestyle and metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and laboratory results of 109 subjects (7~15 years of age) who visited our pediatric obesity clinic between January 2004 and December 2007. They completed the parent- and self-report questionnaire developed by the Committee on Nutrition of the Korean Pediatric Society to assess lifestyle. The metabolic syndrome was defined as having 3 or more of the following metabolic risk factors: obesity, hypertension, serum triglycerides ${\geq}$110 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol ${\leq}$40 mg/dL, fasting glucose ${\geq}$110 mg/dL, and insulin ${\geq}20{\mu}IU/mL$. Results: All subjects had at least 1 risk factor (obesity). Sixty-three percent of subjects had 2 or more risk factors, 32% of subjects had 3 or more risk factors, and 10% had 4 or more metabolic risk factors. Hypertriglyceridemia (36%), hypertension (32%), hyperinsulinemia (24%), and HDL-hypocholesterolemia (20%) were observed. Fasting blood glucose levels were normal in all subjects. Hypertension was significantly associated with an unbalanced diet and hyperinsulinemia was significantly associated with parental obesity (p<0.05). Those who ate after 8 PM were at a risk of hypertension (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.0~6.1). Those who did not have a preference for exercise were at a risk of hyperinsulinemia (odds ratio, 10.4; 95% CI, 2~54.1). Those who watched TV for ${\geq}$3 hours/day were at a risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.2∼18.8). Conclusion: Lifestyle, such as eating late, no preference for exercise, and TV watching ${\geq}$3 hours/day, were related to metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.18D no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2011

Set-top Box which receives broadcasting signal and delivers it to display device such as TV usually doesn't have low-power mode, standby power mode. On the other side, most consumer electronics support standby power mode. The main reasons come from technical barriers and operational stability. Set-top box normally consumes 80~90% power of active mode even though turning off. This is much higher compared to other consumer electronics which consume less than 1W in standby power mode. However, most developed countries including Korea are enforcing the regulations which enhance energy efficiency of set-top box. This paper describes design and development of low-power set-top box. Key technologies are SoC supporting low-power mode, system hardware and software operating in separated power mode, and middleware managing the power with broadcasting system. Finally, we show energy saving expectation through development and proliferation.