• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the difference of vertical movement of mandible according to Angle's molar relationship and by skeletal factors affect to vertical movement of mandible. 172(age ranged from 20 to 30) subjects who go to college within territory of Kwangju city without any experience of temporomandibular disorder, extraction and orthodontic treatment. were selected for this study. The subjects were classified into class I(male:30, female:49), class II(male:18, female:24) and class III(male:18, female:33) according to Angle's molar relationship. The distance was measured between incisal edge of maxillary and mandibular central incisor and between bottom of central fossa of maxillary and mandibular 1st molar with ruler. The arch length and width were measured on the diagnostic cast. Cephalometrics were taken and then traced. Landmarks were identified and analyzed. 1. Maximal interincisal opening of male is larger than that of female in class I, class II and class III. Among each group maximal interincisal distance is the largest in class III. Maximal intermolar distance of male is superior to that of female in class I, class II, and class III, but there is no siginficant difference among them. 2. On maximal opening movement of Angle's classification class I and class II, total mandibular length, mandibular ramal length, madibular inferior border length and upper arch width were important variables and facial length, upper arch length and lower arch length had negative relationship to that. On maximal opening movement of Angle's class III, the upper arch length, the lower arch length and anterior facial length were important variables especially when compared with class I and II, and upper arch width had negative relationship. These results suggest that maximal opening movement is affected by facial morphology in all classes, but each group is affected by different facial skeletal variables. Accordingly, facioskeletal variables might be considered as diagnosis and treatment to improve the amount of mouth opening.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.292-296
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• 2023

Generally, if the size of a lip cancer defect exceeds 30% of the lower lip, a local flap or free flap is recommended. However, defects up to 50% of the lower lip in size have been reconstructed successfully by primary closure without a local flap or free flap. In one case, an 80-year-old male farmer who had smoked for more than 50 years presented with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip and underwent mass resection and supraomohyoid neck dissection. The defect accounted for almost 2/3 of the lower lip and was repaired by primary closure with V-shaped resection. Biopsy results confirmed pT2N0cM0 stage II disease with clear margins. In another case, a 68-year-old male also presented with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip and underwent mass resection. The defect accounted for about half the size of the lower lip but was repaired by primary closure with V-shaped resection. Both patients experienced no discomfort while eating or speaking and were satisfied with the cosmetic and functional outcomes with no evidence of recurrence. Thus, direct closure can be considered even in large lower lip cancers.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2006

For study on the mouth health care of patients for practical training of dental hygiene department, this survey was conducted among patients for practical training of the junior class of dental hygiene department of S College from September 2, 2004 to May 29, 2005. Before scaling, the purposes of the study and contents of the questionnaire were explained and the questionnaires were distributed and the patients were requested to complete them personally and then they were collected. 249 copies except 11 copies of insincere answers were used for the analysis. The subject of study was selected by convenience sampling, nonprobability sampling. 1. As for the characteristics of the subject of study, for sex, male occupied 138 (55.4%) and female occupied 111(44.6%). For the habitation site, Chungcheongdo residents were 181 people (72.7%), Incheon Gyeonggi 55(22.1%) and Seoul 13(5.2%). For ages, 19-29 age people were 122(49.0%), 30- 39 age 25(10.0%), 40-49 age 45(18.1%), 50-59 age 42(16.9%) and 60-70 age 15(6.0%). For scaling experience, 144 people (57.8%) had it and 105 people (42.2%) did not have it. 2. As for the mouth health care, for brushing method, crossways brushing was 164 people (65.9%), rotation brushing was 63 people (25.3%) and longways brushing was 22 people (8.8%). For brushing times, 2 times was 134 people (53.8%), over 3 times was 99 people(39.8%), and 1 time was 16 people (6.4%). For brushing time, after a meal was 182 people (73.1%) and before a meal was 67 people (26.9%). As for the mouth aids, 40 people (16.1%) used them and 209 people (83.9%) answered not to use them. 3. As for brushing method according to sex, it was found that both male and female use crossways brushing most, and male uses crossways brushing and longways brushing more than female and female uses rotation brushing more. For brushing times, it showed that 2 times was the most as 59.4% for male and over 3 times was the most as 50.5% for female. The survey of brushing time found that 33.3% of male brush their teeth before a meal and 81.1% of female brush their teeth after a meal. 4. For brushing method according to the habitation site, it was found that Chungcheongdo, Incheon Gyeonggi and Seoul use crossways brushing most and longways brushing least. The mouth aids were proved to be used in Incheon Gyeonggi most and in Chungcheongdo least. For brushing times, 2 times was the most in all three locations. 5. As to brushing times according to ages, only 30-39 age did brushing over 3 times, and the rest ages did brushing 2 times most. The survey of the use of the mouth aids according to the experience of scaling found that as they have the experience of scaling, they use them.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 1986

The authors attempted to investigate the oxygen consumption rate of sexuals in the water-striders, Gerris paludum insuralis, at four temperature groups of 25, 30, 35 and $40^\\circ C$ in a series of studies on respiration of a heminetabolous insects. THe results are summarised as follows: (1) At $30^\\circ C$, the change of oxygen consumption rate according to the lapse of time was small in comparison with the other three temperature groups which shows a cyclic decreasing pattern. The rate during initial and final 5 minutes was much alike. Thereupon, the optimum temperature was regarded as $30^\\circ C$. (2) The oxygen consumption rate of male was higher than that of female. (3) The oxygen consumption rates at 25, 30, 35 and $40^\\circ C$ were 0.42, 0.49, 0.79 and 1.11 $\\mu$l/mg/h respectively. That is, the rate was increased as the temperature was increased. (4) The $Q_10$ of male showed a high value in the lower temperature interval ($25^\\circ C \\sim 35^\\circ C$), but the female showed a high value in the higher temperature interval ($30^\\circ C \\sim 40^\\circ C$). The mean $Q_10$ was 2.12. (5) The respiratory rate was decreased as the body weight was increased in the above fresh weight of 10mg and dry weight 5 mg. (6) The upper temperature threshold for respiration was $48.31^\\circ C$ and the lower temperature threshold was $17.68^\\circ C$. (7) The ceasing time of breathing at the other three temperature groups except $30^\\circ C$ was infered to be about 110 minutes after the start of experiment.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.432-443
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to dyslipdemia and hypertension among male office workers. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey. The sample was 204 male office workers aged 30 to 62 years without cardiovascular disease and not taking medication for hypertension and dyslipidemia. Data were collected from November, 2011 to March, 2012. Dyslipidemia was examined by checking serum lipid profiles. Results: Dyslipidemia was related to career (adjusted OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03~1.51), time spent at desk (adjusted OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03~1.51), job stress of Q25-49 (adjusted OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.24~5.93), inactivity (adjusted OR 6.86, 95% CI 2.62~17.93), and snack intake frequency (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03~2.38). Hypertension was related to career (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01~1.14), heavy drinking (adjusted OR 5.00, 95% CI 1.25~20.04), and snack intake frequency (adjusted OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.33~3.34). Conclusion: Work and lifestyle-related factors were associated with dyslipidemia and hypertension in male office workers. These findings suggest that lifestyle intervention and improvement of working conditions are integral parts of cardiovascular disease prevention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6385-6388
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• 2013

Background: Smokeless tobacco consumption is one of the causes of oral cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption among male students of Zahedan universities and associated factors in 2012. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 431 students were selected from the universities of Zahedan using multi-stage random cluster sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including questions about demographic information, history of smokeless tobacco consumption, and awareness of smokeless tobacco hazards. Data were analyzed by SPSS19 using Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: At the time of conducting this study, 102 students (23.7%) had already consumed smokeless tobacco and 49 students (11.4%) were current users (consuming at least once in 30 days before the study). There was a significant relationship between history of smokeless tobacco consumption, university/college, place of living, mean GPA, and mother's education level (p<0.05). Also there was a significant association between knowledge and prevalence of smokeless tobacco use (p<0.001). Conclusions: There is a relatively high prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption among the male students of universities of Zahedan, which shows the need to emphasize the provision and implementation of prevention programs in universities.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 1980

Numerous investigators have pointed out that the force of the tongue against the teeth within the dental arches is normally compensated for by the action of the musculature of the cheeks and lips, and that the tongue at rest occupies a large part of the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to estimate the maximum areas of the tongue movement by measuring the inner area of the dental arches of both the maxilla and the mandible. This study was based on the study models of 30 children and 128 adults who had clinically good occlusion. There were 15 male and 15 female children whose ages ranged from four years to seven years and 82 male and 46 female adults whose ages ranged from fifteen years to fifty four years. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The mean of the maximum areas within the primary dental arches of both the maxilla and the mandible were $7.06\pm0.8\textrm{cm}^2, 5.49\pm0.77\textrm{cm}^2$ in male children and $6.82\pm0.98\textrm{cm}^2, 5.28\pm0.80\textrm{cm}^2$ in female children respectively. 2. The mean of the maximum areas within the permanent dental arches of both the maxilla and mandible were $17.01\pm2.38\textrm{cm}^2, 13.57\pm1.57\textrm{cm}^2$ in male and $16.75\pm2.08\textrm{cm}^2, 13.36\pm1.01\textrm{cm}^2$ in female respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2016

This research reports the intersexuality of bivalves, such as Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Rupiditapes philippinarum, Gomphina veneriformis and Barnea davidi discovered during the process of investigating the ecological health status of coastal waters of Korea. In intersex ovaries, the opposite germ cells were observed either individually or in groups in the interfollicular space and inside the oogenic follicle. Oocytes in the intersex testis were at the previtellogenic or initial vitellogenic stage. They were either scattered individually or in groups in the interfollicular space and inside the spermatogenic follicle. The intersexuality in C. gigas was 10.4% (n = 19/183), while female (12.2%, n = 6/49) exhibited a higher proportion than male (9.7%, n = 13/134). The intersexuality in M. galloprovincialis was 31.7% (n = 19/60), while female (36.4%, n = 12/33) exhibited a higher proportion than male (25.9%, n = 7/27). The intersexuality in R. philippinarum was 11.2% (n = 11/98), while male (16.7%, n = 7/42) exhibited a higher proportion than female (7.1%, n = 4/56). The intersexuality in G. veneriformis was 28% (n=30/107), while male (31.5%, n=17/54) exhibited a higher proportion than female (24.5%, n=13/53). The intersexuality in B. davidi was 18.4% (n = 7/38), while female (35.7%, n =5 /14) exhibited a higher proportion than male (8.3%, n = 2/24).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.285-288
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• 2000

Nine immature 30-day-old female rats were injected sc at 0800 hr with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin(PMSG) to induce ovulation and mating. Fifty-six hours later the animals were placed with mature male rats overnight (one female and one male). Five of 9 immature female rats treated with PMSG were pregnant and allowed to maintain the pregnancy to term. Three of 5 pregnant rats were failed to maintain pregnancy to term. Two of 5 pregnant rats seemed to be developed normally and increased abdominal enlargement as pregnancy progresses, but did not occurred parturition on day of 43 or 48 of pregnancy, respectively. On day 44 or 49, pregnant rats were killed and examined uterus and ovaries. There was no fetus but approximately 50∼60ml. of mucopurulent fluids were accumulated in the uterine cavity and 40 or 42 corpora lutea persisted in the ovaries. Pyometra was developed after coitus in PMSG-treated immature female rat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate college students' perception and preference of Korean traditional foods during November in 1994. 493 students in Taejon area were asked to fill out the questionaires. The collected data were analyzed by SAS package. The average height and weight were 173.04 cm, 64.46 kg for male and 161.73 cm, 49.33 kg for female. Students living their own home were 48.8% and self-lodging students were 30.2%. Male have a meal for hunger and female for pleasure (p<0.002). They choose their foods based on the taste (84.6%) and nutrition (8.2%). 85.5% of students prefer Korean traditional foods. Most students think that the Korean traditional foods should be succeeded and developed. However, they want the taste of Korean traditional foods to be changed for their preference. Kimch'i is the most favorate fermented foods. The fermented fish products and jang-atchi are the most unfavorate ones. They don't like too salty taste and strong smell of the Korean fermented foods.