• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.201-214
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• 2020

This study researched the life experiences of 30-40's voluntary single women. Currently, a growing number of women in their 30s and 40s in South Korea are voluntarily choosing single life to achieve self-realization and focus on their lives. We want to take note of this phenomenon and take an in-depth the lives of voluntary single life beings they are experiencing by using hermeneutic phenomenological study method of Van Manen. The results of this study are as follows. First, 30-40s voluntary single women have experienced desire of self-realization through their single life. Second, they were satisfied with their lives based on the concept of having free choices, stable social support and they social-economic base. Third, they have experienced a low awareness of single life in society and many people. Last, they were preparing for their future lives for their physical health, finances, and role as parents' provider. This study provides a better understanding of the lives of 30-40s voluntary single women.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.36-60
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• 2021

This study aimed to provide basic data for establishing a sizing system for menswear by investigating body size changes and body shapes in adult men in their 30s to 50s. Data on 52 different upper body categories collected from 4,314 people during the 5-7th Size Korea surveys were analyzed. The waist height, hip height, torso and arm lengths, and torso and upper limb circumferences increased while the arm joint sizes decreased. According to factor analysis, factors 1 and 2 referred to 'the horizontal size of the upper body and limbs' and the 'torso height and upper limb length', respectively, while factors 3 and 4 represented 'shoulder size' and 'upper body length' respectively. In clustering analysis, types 1 and 2 were 'short and fat' and 'tall and thin,' respectively, while types 3 and 4 represented 'tallest and chubby' and 'shortest and small' respectively. Torso length increased in the 30 to 40s in type 1 while torso circumference increased in the 30s and late 40s in type 2. In type 3, shoulders got bigger in the 30s. In type 4, torso circumference increased in the early 30s, and torso length increased in the late 40s. 'Thin' was a typical body shape in the early 30s. Among early 40s men, distribution evolved from 'small' to 'thin.' In the late 40s, while the percentage of 'small' decreased, the ratio of 'obese' increased. In the 50s, 'small' was the most common.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.80-100
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• 2014

As men have started to show more desire to express themselves through clothing and accessories also they learn by themselves and take diverse experiences about fashion. At the same time, men's fashion-consciousness is growing together. The role of male consumers' is becoming significant in the fashion market, and there has been more research on their clothes and fashion is increasing, however research on the male casual clothing for their 30~49 years old group is still insufficient. This study aims to examine the casual brands for men in their 30~40s and their characteristics among other men's brands recently appearing in Korea. The results of the study found: first, regarding the questionnaire to give men's casual brand names, 30s males' answers showed clearer recognition about the casual brand than those of 40s males. secondly, the factors affecting attitude of male consumers' towards casual brands are designed 'aesthetics', 'surroundings' and 'price', and the men in their 40s put more important than men in their 30s on 'aesthetics' and 'surroundings'. third, when men were actually buying casual brand, they then took five characteristic factors into account namely: 'the external environment', 'functionality' design 'aesthetics', 'symbolic' and 'price'. Men in their 30s did not show much difference in actual purchase characteristics in regards for the brand factors but men in their 40s showed interest when asked about 'buying product with noticeable brand logo or trademark' item among 'symbolic' factors than men in their 30s (p< .01 of significant difference).

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.319-324
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• 2014

An 8 weeks feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary microbial phytase (P) supplementation on nutrient digestibility, and body composition in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed soybean meal-based diets. Seven experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric to contain 50.0% crude protein (CP) and 16.7 kJ of available energy/g with or without dietary phytase supplementation. White fish meal (FM) provided 92.4% of the total protein in the basal diet ($S_0$), in the other 6 diets, 30% or 40% FM protein was replaced by soybean meal: 70% FM + 30% soybean meal ($S_{30}$); 70% FM + 30% SM + 1000 U phytase/kg diet ($S_{30}P_{1000}$); 70% FM + 30% SM + 2000 U phytase/kg diet ($S_{30}P_{2000}$); 60% FM + 40% SM ($S_{40}$); 60% FM + 40% SM + 1000 U phytase/kg diet ($S_{40}P_{1000}$); and 60% FM + 40% SM + 2000 U phytase/kg diet ($S_{40}P_{2000}$). After two weeks of the conditioning period, triplicate groups of 25 fish initially averaging $6.15{\pm}0.04g$ ($mean{\pm}S.D.$) were randomly distributed into the aquarium and were fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. After feeding trial, supplementation of phytase significantly improved the apparent digestibility coefficients of phosphorus in flounder diets (P<0.05) containing 30% and 40% soybean meal regardless the levels. However, phytase had no significant influence on growth performance and whole body composition of fish. Based on the experimental results, we conclude that dietary supplementation of phytase could improve the apparent digestibility coefficient of phosphorus in olive flounder.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.135-145
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• 2019

Prolonged recession has caused the youth unemployment rate in Korea to remain at a high level of approximately 10% for years. Recently, the number of unemployed Koreans in their 30s and 40s has shown an upward trend. To expand the government's employment promotion and unemployment benefits from youth-centered policies to diverse age groups, including people in their 30s and 40s, prediction models for different age groups are required. Thus, we aimed to develop unemployment prediction models for specific age groups (30s and 40s) using available unemployment rates provided by Statistics Korea and Google search queries related to them. We first estimated multiple linear regressions (Model 1) using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average approach with relevant unemployment rates. Then, we introduced Google search queries to obtain improved models (Model 2). For both groups, consequently, Model 2 additionally using web queries outperformed Model 1 during training and predictive periods. This result indicates that a web search query is still significant to improve the unemployment predictive models for Koreans. For practical application, this study needs to be furthered but will contribute to obtaining age-wise unemployment predictions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.746-757
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• 2004

This study was intended to analyze clothing preference images according to the age groups (30's, 40's, 50's and 60's) and to clarify the differences between present clothing preference images and that of the future after 60. The data was collected through a questionnaire and a total of 482 questionnaires on the age groups ranging from 30s through 60s were used in the analysis. As for the present clothing preference images in accordance with age groups, the younger age groups in the range of 30's and 40's presented higher scores in most of these images. But the older age groups in the 50's and 60's had lower scores in most of these images. On the contrary, the older age groups had higher scores than the younger age groups with respect to similar, mature, magnificent, innocent, plump and virtuous images. As for the future clothing preference images after 60 in the elegant, luxurious, graceful, intellectual, chic, urbane, slimy and sociable images, the age groups in the 30's and 40's presented higher scores than the age groups in the 50's and 60's did. However, with respect to the youth-oriented images such as fashionable, innocent, remarkable, cute and vigorous images, the age group in the 60's had a higher score than the age group in the 30's, 40's and 50's did. There were differences between the present clothing preference images and future clothing preference images after 60. The 30's and 40's presented distinctively different clothing preference images in the present and future after 60. Thus, distinct images were pursued in the older age group. The 50s showed closest images to that of the older age group, presenting more conservative inclination in clothing preferences.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2021

Lifestyle is changing rapidly, and food consumption patterns vary widely among households as dietary and food processing technologies evolve. This paper reclassified the food group of consumer panel data established by the Rural Development Administration, which contains information on purchasing agricultural products by household unit, and compared the consumption characteristics of agricultural products by age group. The criteria for age classification were divided into groups in their 60s and older with a prevalence of 20% or more metabolic diseases and groups in their 30s and 40s with less than 10%. Using the LightGBM algorithm, we classified the differences in food consumption patterns in their 30s and 50s and 60s and found that the precision was 0.85, the reproducibility was 0.71, and F1_score was 0.77. The results of variable importance were confectionery, folio, seasoned vegetables, fruit vegetables, and marine products, followed by the top five values of the SHAP indicator: confectionery, marine products, seasoned vegetables, fruit vegetables, and folio vegetables. As a result of binary classification of consumption patterns as a median instead of the average sensitive to outliers, confectionery showed that those in their 30s and 40s were more than twice as high as those in their 60s. Other variables also showed significant differences between those in their 30s and 40s and those in their 60s and older. According to the study, people in their 30s and 40s consumed more than twice as much confectionery as those in their 60s, while those in their 60s consumed more than twice as much marine products, seasoned vegetables, fruit vegetables, and folioce or logistics as much as those in their 30s and 40s. In addition to the top five items, consumption of 30s and 40s in wheat-processed snacks, breads and noodles was high, which differed from food consumption patterns in their 60s.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.55-84
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• 2011

This study initiated with the intention to reveal the social consultations and fissures through a comparative analysis on generational characteristics by indicating occupation-related identities with the concept of social identity supported by theoretical resources. According to the three dimensions of social identity which are evaluation, potency and activity, there was more generational agreement rather than difference toward occupation-related identities. Among the 44 identities, only evaluation dimensions on minister, congressman, plane captain, farmer and potency dimensions on CEO of a major companies, professor, medical doctor, nurse, celebrity, shaman, unemployed person were statistically significant. For 'Leader and Professional', the respondents in their 50's gave high scores in both evaluation and potency dimensions. On the other side, the 30's had negative viewpoints while the 20's and 40's had neutral perspectives. For the potency dimension, the age groups were divided into the 20's, 30's and 40's, 50's; having the younger generations underestimate the potency dimension of such categories. Also for the 'General Occupation', 20's and the 30's relatively devaluated with more distinctive degree toward evaluation dimensions. For religion, 20's and 30's were positive toward buddhist monks while the 40's and 50's were more favorable with priests. For the non-economically active population, the lifetime cycle influenced each generations. When performing a two dimensional analysis toward the 'Leader and Professional' with evaluation and potency on each axis, the 50's highly evaluated both evaluation and potency dimension of such identities. However, for the 40's, 30's and 20's, the average value fell while the focus of the distribution deepened. The 30's had negative perspective toward the evaluation dimension while the 20's reflected critical attitude toward the potency dimension.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1322-1326
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• 1997

Characteristics of viscosity and spray dried particles for several polysaccharides were studied to investigate the possibilities as wall materials for microencapsulation. Viscosities of 10% maltodextrin, 10% gum arabic, 10% dextran, 1% gum locust bean, and 1% gum karaya were 2.2 mPa.s, 9.2 mPa.s, 13.0 mPa.s, 4660.0 mPa.s, and 77.0 mPa.s, respectively. In scanning electron micrographs for spray dried polysaccharides, gum arabic had spherical shapes at 20% and 30% emulsion concentration, while trailed shapes at 40%. Maltodextrin had uniform spherical shapes at 30%, while aggregated form with various kinds of capsule sizes at 40%. Dextran had spherical shapes at 20%, while trailed fibrous shapes at over 30%. Mixed polysaccharides with gum arabic:maltodextrin (1:3, w/w) had uniform spherical shapes at 20%, 30%, and 40% with increasing diameter with increasing concentration.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.821-829
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• 2019

This study investigated the location of grading lines and grading amount for a jacket item by the target age groups (20-30, 30-40, and 40-50) for 17 women's wear brands. This study then utilized 7th SizeKorea data to analyze the increase rate of body size and to suggest the grading deviation distribution ratio of the jackets using regression analysis. The increase in neck girth of the jackets targeting aged 30-40s did not reflect the human body change rate. The shoulder length increased by 4.6%-8.1% with the bust girth increase; however, the brands produced longer shoulder length reflecting 20-35% of the bust girth increase. The armhole girth was 54.9% - 59.7% of bust circumstance increase rate. However, the 20-30 target age group brands distributed 80% of bust girth to armhole girth and the 30-40 and the 40-50 target age group brands distributed 50% of the bust girth to armhole. In particular, the 20-30 target age group brands were found to produce a large margin around the armhole. When it came to length items, the brands targeting 20-30s and the 40-50s reflected deviation distribution rate of length from underarm to waist and length from waist to hip in comparison with the overall jacket length deviation. The 30-40 target age group brands, 8 out of 20 brands distributed the jacket length deviation in the length from the back of neck to the underarm; consequently, only 22% percent should be distributed in this part.