• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2006

The oriental medicine is necessary to the development of oriental medicine diagnosis, to satisfy the Senior-Friendly. We experiment on the elderly women in 3-D mac, and carry into effect the comparative-study on the youth's pulsation. The elder pulsation's division factor are analyzed press power, w/t, h5/h1 , dispersion of period. In the press power, the elder pulsation is shallow compared with the youth's pulsation. In the w/t (pressurization time / pulsation cycle), the elder pulsation is longer compared with the youth's pulsation, In the h5/h1 (dicrotic / main peak), the elder pulsation is small compared with the youth's pulsation. In the range of dispersion of period, the elder pulsation is narrow-changed compared with the youth's pulsation. Therefore the elder pulsation is characterized by the deficiency of flexibility and injection power.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1219-1222
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• 2005

인터넷상의 망 장비는 크게 2 계층 스위치와 3 계층 라우터로 구분할 수 있으며, 2 계층 스위치는 IEEE 802.1D, IEEE 802.1Q 규격에 따라 수신된 이더넷(Ethernet) 프레임의 목적지 MAC 주소에 기반한 2 계층 스위칭 기능을 제공하며, 3 계층 라우터는 IETF 의 규격에 따라 수신된 이더넷 프레임의 목적지 IP 주소에 기반한 3 계층 라우팅 기능을 제공한다. 하지만 최근에는 기술의 발달에 따라서 엄연히 구분된 두 가지 기능을 하나의 시스템에서 제공하는 것에 대한 요구가 증가하게 되었다. 이에 본 논문에서는 가상 랜(VLAN) 기반의 2 계층 스위치에서 가상 인터페이스 기반의 라우팅 기능을 구현한 후, 라우팅 기능을 원하는 가상 랜 가입자에게 해당 가상 랜을 가상 인터페이스(Virtual Interface)에 맵핑하는 것에 의해서 3 계층 라우팅 기능을 제공하는 시스템 구조 및 제안된 시스템에서의 패킷 처리 절차를 제시하고자 한다. 본 논문에 제시된 방법에 의해서 가입자들은 저렴한 비용으로 인터넷 서비스를 제공받을 수 있으며, 망 사업자는 다른 가상 랜간의 통신을 위한 가상 랜 라우팅(VLAN Routing) 기능을 부가적으로 쉽게 제공할 수 있고, 해당 시스템의 인터페이스를 2 계층 스위치 포트 또는 3 계층 라우터 포트로 융통성있게 설정할 수 있다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 1990

This experiment was carried out to investigate the immuno-regulatory effects of histamine on IL-1 synthesis and Ca2+ uptake in P388Dl macrophage-like cell line. The addition of histamine (10-8-10-3 M) increased IL-1 production in P388D1, cells, in a dose dependent manner, the treatment of EGTA (10-7-10-4M) and Co2+ ion (10-5-10-4M) decreased macrophage-derived IL-1 activity, and the pretreatment of histamine at the peak of 10-4M significantly enhanced Ca2+ uptake to P388Dl Cells. These results suggested that exogenous histamine was effective on IL-1 production from macrophage and the intracellular Ca2+ uptake play a important role in histamine-stimulated IL-1 synthesis.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.180-192
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• 2000

One bottle system was recently developed in order to simplify the clinical skills and save chair time after continuous improvements on dentin bonding agents. There has been many studies to measure the bond strength of one bottle systems but no actual work has been done on micromorphologic study of resin-dentin interdiffusion zone after one bottle system application. To evaluate the bonding patterns of various commercially available one bottle systems to dentin, observation of resin-dentin interdiffusion zone under TEM was performed. Caries-free human third molars within one month of extractions were chosen for the experiments. The molars were sectioned 1mm above the cementoenamel junction and got rid of the root portions. Crown portions of the teeth were sectioned parallel to occlusal surface so that dentin discs of 1mm in thickness were remained. 7 one bottle systems and 1 two bottle system were applied according to manufacturer's instructions and followings were the results. 1. In every experimental groups, cross bandings of collagen fiber were distinguishable and tight bon dings between the bonding agents and dentin were observed. 2. Hybrid layer was clearly observed in ONE-STEP$^{(R)}$, Prime & Bond$^{(R)}$ 2.1, Syntac$^{(R)}$ SC, MAC-BOND II groups but it was not clear in Single Bond, D-Liner Dual PLUS, ONE COAT BOND groups. 3. Electron-density of hybrid layer was uniform in pattern in MAC-BOND II, Prime & Bond$^{(R)}$ 2.1 groups but not so uniform in ONE-STEP$^{(R)}$ group. 4. Electron-dense amorphous phase in most superior layer of the resin-dentin interdiffusion zone was characteristically observed in Single Bond, Syntac$^{(R)}$ SC, ONE COAT BOND groups. It can be concluded that bondings between the dentin bonding agents and dentin can be various in pattern according to their chemical compositions and the condition during applications.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1373-1392
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• 2017

WiFi Direct (WD) is a state of the art technology for a Device-to-Device (D2D) communication in 802.11 networks. The performance of the WD system can be significantly affected by some key factors such as the type of application, specifications of MAC and PHY layer parameters, and surrounding environment etc. It is, therefore, important to develop a system model that takes these factors into account. In this paper, we focus on investigating the design parameters of the PHY layer that could maximize the efficiency of the WD 802.11 system. For this purpose, a basic theoretical model is formulated for a WD network under a 2x2 Multiple In Multiple Out (MIMO) TGn channel B model. The design level parameters such as input symbol rate and antenna spacing, as well as the effects of the environment, are thoroughly examined in terms of path gain, spectral density, outage probability and Packet Error Rate (PER). Thereafter, a novel adaptive algorithm is proposed to choose optimal parameters in accordance with the Quality of Experience (QoE) for a targeted application. The simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the standard method thereby achieving an optimal performance in an adaptive manner.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2005

Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess attenuation correction algorithms with the $^{137}Cs$ point source for the brain positron omission tomography (PET) imaging process. Materials & Methods: Four different types of phantoms were used in this study for testing various types of the attenuation correction techniques. Transmission data of a $^{137}Cs$ point source were acquired after infusing the emission source into phantoms and then the emission data were subsequently acquired in 3D acquisition mode. Scatter corrections were performed with a background tail-fitting algorithm. Emission data were then reconstructed using iterative reconstruction method with a measured (MAC), elliptical (ELAC), segmented (SAC) and remapping (RAC) attenuation correction, respectively. Reconstructed images were then both qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. In addition, reconstructed images of a normal subject were assessed by nuclear medicine physicians. Subtracted images were also compared. Results: ELEC, SAC, and RAC provided a uniform phantom image with less noise for a cylindrical phantom. In contrast, a decrease in intensity at the central portion of the attenuation map was noticed at the result of the MAC. Reconstructed images of Jaszack and Hoffan phantoms presented better quality with RAC and SAC. The attenuation of a skull on images of the normal subject was clearly noticed and the attenuation correction without considering the attenuation of the skull resulted in artificial defects on images of the brain. Conclusion: the complicated and improved attenuation correction methods were needed to obtain the better accuracy of the quantitative brain PET images.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2000

The effect of Sunlight exposure on reducing the microorganism counts in the bedding materials was experimented by using 3 kinds of microorganisms(S. aureus, K. pnenmoniae and E. coli) and 3 kinds of fabrics (cotton, silk and polyester). Counts of the microorganism were examined before and after sunlight exposure. The sunlights were controlled U.V and Daylight D50 using MacBeth artificial light source. The specimens were exposed for 5 min, 10 min and 30 minutes under the $20^{\circ}C$ and 60% R.H, distance is 50cm from the light source. Results were as follows, 1. The reduction rate of the 3kinds of microorganisms was remarkably great under the U.V exposure. The U.V. exposure was very effective way to sterlize the bedding materials in the house care. 2. S. aureus was the most susceptible to U.V. exposure and the sunlight exposure. E. coli was the most resistant to the U.V and the sunlight exposure. 3. The reduction rate of the 3 kinds of fabrics was not significantly different. The polyester is more resistant than the silk and the cotton. Those were shown good reduction rate if all kinds of microorganism under the U.V and daylight.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.810-817
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• 2023

Objective: The aim was to compare the behavioral response to full separation of cows and calves maintained together for 100 days or 24 h. Methods: Twelve Holstein-Friesian cow-calf pairs were enrolled into either treatment or industry groups (n = 6 cow-calf pairs/group). The treatment cows and calves were maintained on pasture together for 106±8.6 d and temporarily separated twice a day for milking. The Industry cows and their calves, were separated within 24 h postpartum. Triaxial accelerometer neck-mounted sensors were fitted to cows 3 weeks before separation to measure hourly rumination and activity. Before separation, cow and calf behavior was observed by scan sampling for 15 min. During the separation process, frequency of vocalizations and turn arounds were recorded. At separation, cows were moved to an observation pen where behavior was recorded for 3 d. A CCTV camera was used to record video footage of cows within the observation pens and behavior was documented from the videos in 15 min intervals across the 3 d. Results: Before separation, industry calves were more likely to be near their mother than Treatment calves. During the separation process, vocalization and turn around behavior was similar between groups. After full separation, treatment cows vocalized three times more than industry cows. However, the frequency of time spent close to barrier, standing, lying, walking, and eating were similar between industry and treatment cows. Treatment cows had greater rumination duration, and were more active, than industry cows. Conclusion: These findings suggest a similar behavioral response to full calf separation and greater occurrence of vocalizations, from cows maintained in a long-term, pasture-based, cow-calf rearing system when ompared to cows separated within 24 h. However, further work is required to assess the impact of full separation on calf behavior.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.622-632
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• 1995

The present numerical study is aimed to investigate time-dependent characteristics of a two-dimensional lid-driven square cavity flow of three high Reynolds numbers, $7.5{\times}10^3$, $10^4$ and $3{\times}10^4$. A conservative convection term on irregular grids was adopted by renewing the MAC type difference schemes on regular grids. Relaxation of velocity and pressure is implemented by SOLA algorithm. In case of $Re=7.5{\times}10^3$, flow behavior converges to steady state after a transient period. But for $Re=10^4$, periodic unsteady sinusoidal fluctuation of local velocity and kinetic energy is found and continuous movements of small eddies in the secondary flow regions are also discovered. Random generation of eddies and their active migrating behavior are detected for $Re=3{\times}10^4$, resulting in complete unsteady and non-linear flow characteristics. And, an organized structure similar to a Moffat vortex is also observed from the time-mean flow patterns. Furthermore, a typoon-like vortex(TLV) appears intemittently and rotates along the separation regions and boundary layers.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2003

The polymerization of a cyclopolymerizable disubstituted dipropargyl ether, his(3-trimethylsilyl-2-propynyl)ether (BTPE), was attempted by various transition metal catalysts. The yield for the polymerization of BTPE was generally low, which is possibly due to the steric hindrance of bulky substituents. In general, the catalytic activities of Mo-based catalysts were found to be greater than those of W-based catalysts. The highest yield was obtained when the MoCl$_{5}$,-EtAlCl$_2$(1:2) catalyst system was used. The copolymerization of BTPE and diethyl dipropargylmalonate yielded a random copolymer with conjugated polymer backbone. However the polymers were partially desilylated, depending on the reaction conditions. The thermal and morphological properties of the resulting polymers were also discussed.d.