• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2022

Drone photogrammetry generally acquires images vertically or obliquely from above, so when photographing for the purpose of three-dimensional modeling, image matching for the ground of a building and spatial accuracy of point cloud data are poor, resulting in poor 3D mesh completeness. Therefore, to overcome this, this study analyzed the spatial accuracy of each drone image by acquiring smartphone images from the ground, and evaluated the accuracy improvement and completeness of 3D mesh when the smartphone image is not combined with the drone image. As a result of the study, the horizontal (x,y) accuracy of drone photogrammetry was about 1/200,000, similar to that of traditional photogrammetry. In addition, it was analyzed that the accuracy according to the photographing method was more affected by the photographing angle of the object than the increase in the number of photos. In the case of the smartphone image combination, the accuracy was not significantly affected, but the completeness of the 3D mesh was able to obtain a 3D mesh of about LoD3 that satisfies the digital twin city standard. Therefore, it is judged that it can be sufficiently used to build a 3D model for digital twin city by combining drone images and smartphones or DSLR images taken on the ground.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.111-126
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• 2017

Small-scale UAS(Fusion technique of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles platform and Sensors, 'sUAS') opens various new applications in construction fields and so becoming progressively common due to the considerable potentials in terms of accuracy, costs and abilities. The purpose of this study is that the investigation of the validation on the utilization of sUAS for earth stockpile volume calculations on sites. For this, generate 3D models(DSM) with sUAS aerial images on an cone shaped soil stockpile approximately $270m{\times}300m{\times}20m$, which located at Baegot Life Park in Siheung-si, compared stockpile volume estimates produced by sUAS image analysis, against volume estimates obtained by GNSS Network-RTK ground surveying method which selected as the criteria of earth stockpile volume. The result through comparison and examination show(demonstrate) that there was under 2% difference between the volume calculated with the GNSS Network RTK data and the sUAV data, especially sUAS imaged-based volume estimate of a stockpile can be greatly simplified, done quickly, and very cost effective over conventional terrestrial survey methods. Therefore, with consideration of various plan to assess the height of vegetation, sUAS image-based application expected very useful both volume estimate and 3D geospatial information extraction in small and medium-sized sites.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.2 no.1 s.3
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• pp.1-38
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• 2002

Recently KISTEP(Korea Institute of Science and Technology Evaluation and Planning) held an open forum for examining 'the Manuscript of National Science and Technology Standard Taxonomic System'. I submitted my opinion letter to the forum because I thought that the matter of setting the standard taxonomic system for Science and Technology is so closely related to the research concern of STS that it needs checking from the viewpoint of STS. This paper primarily focuses on making a criticism of and constructing an alternative to the mamuscript, but it goes so far as to ground the matter upon the STS viewpoint. I propose that we interpret an open forum related to science and technology as an example case of the community of inquiry. Further I try, standing in the context of learning to form a model of doing STS interdisciplinary research. In the context of decision I point out the problem with the 'scale' principle involved in categrizing criteria of the taxonomic system and argue that the problem leads to omitting STS from National Science and Technology Standard Taxonomic System although STS takes up science and technology themselves as its research concern proper. In the context or teaming I seek to set up a typical case study or STS. One of the typical STS research tasks is trying to construct a positive alternative to as well as make a criticism of a given suggestion, for clearer alternatives will, in him, provoke sharper criticisms or safer acceptances. I hope that the model in this paper will exemplify such an alternating procedure of criticism and acceptance.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.219-240
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• 2008

This paper aims to suggest a policy for biological resource based on a comprehensive understanding on biological resources. Biological resources are different from traditionally recognized viable organisms (Biodiversity) in ecosystems. Biological resources are culturable and replicable resources of living organisms such as tissues, cells and genes. Moreover, biological resources include human-derived biological materials. Biological resources is not simply a matter of science and technology. Biological resources should be dealt with as national resources. There are many international issues regarding biological resources, such as intellectual property rights (IPRs), safety on handling and distribution, material transfer agreements (MTAs) for mutual benefits and biological standards. Ethical debates are also being raised because biological resources are related with human-derived biological materials. Every nation has tendency to adopt its government policies to strengthen its sovereignty on biological resources and international cooperation. In addition, international linkages are essential for providing enhanced worldwide accessibility to biological resources. Japan has shown several international initiatives in the field of biological resources. Korea has just begun to design appropriate policies for the use and R&D of biological resources. Therefore, this paper suggests the following needs: 1) policy at the national level beyond the interests of researchers, 2) inter-ministerial coordination across government ministries, 3) expansion of scope and size of each BRC (Biological Resource Centers), and 4) building networks and systems such as national information center, representative centers by field, and each BRC.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 1995.02b
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• pp.95-133
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• 1995

1) 하천 종횡단 자료, 유사량 자료, 수문 자료 등을 입력하여 하상변동을 모의하는 소하천은 지류(tributary)라 하고, 단순히 유량의 유입 또는 자료만을 입력하는 소하천, 첩수로, 배수로, 취수구 등은 국소 유입점이라 하여 구분함. 2) 각 행이 필수적(required)으로 필요한가 선택적(optional)으로 필요한가 하는 사항은 다음과 같이 나타낸다. 1필수 : 반드시 필요하며 빠질 경우 실행되지 않음, 2선택 : 필요할 때만 입력하면 되며 없어도 무방, 3한번필수 : 반복적으로 수행 또는 입력하는 경우, 처음 수행시는 반드시 필요하지만 다음부터는 입력값을 변경하고자 할 경우만 입력하는 경우, 4특수선택 : 특별한 경우를 모의하고자 할 경우만 선택. 3) HEC-6는 조도계수를 지정된 단면의 상류에 적용하나 HEC-2는 그 단면의 상하류에 적용한다. 그러나 그 결과는 어느 방법이나 거의 일치한다. 4) 우리나라의 하천과 HEC-6모형이 개발된 미국의 하천이 다름을 유의 하여야 한다. 여기서 제방이라함은 우리나라와 같이 인공제방이 축조된 곳을 의미하는 것이 아니다. 그보다는 미국의 서부 건조지역을 흐르는 하천과 같이 유량 변화가 거의 없는 하천에 하도의 양쪽에 자연적으로 형성되어 있는 자연제방을 의미하는 것이다. 따라서 만제 유량의 개념도 원래 모형에서 제시된 의미와는 달리 적용되어야 할 것이다. 5) 한국건설기술연구원(1989)의 연구에서 지적된 바와 같이 유사량 공식에 따라 계산된 유사량이 큰 차이가 날 수 있으므로, 유사량 공식을 선정하는 것은 매우 중요한 요소이며 대상하천의 상황에 적합한 공식을 선정하는데 상당히 신중을 기해야 한다. 있다. 청주권의 무심천도 계획상은 대청댐의 물을 공급 받을수도 있도록 되어 있으나 현실상으로 상수도 원수로서의 공급마저도 매년 심한 원수 수질 문제(5-6월, 10월경의 취수장 부근의 부영양화 현상으로 인한 악취와 물 맛의 문제)를 1984년부터 겪고 있다. 이와 같이 도시권 하천의 수자원은 자연적, 인위적, 경제적, 법적, 제도적 여러 제한 요소로서 특성을 가지고 있으며 이는 날로 심해 가고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 최적 물관리 시스템의 개발이 새로이 시작하는 수자원 개발 사업에서는 계획 단계에서부터 절실히 요구되는 바이며 기존 시설물의 관리 운영은 과감히 그 운영 관리 기준을 보완 재 정비하여야 할 것이다. 지금까지 대부분의 수자원 종합 개발 계획이 홍수방이나 용수 공급 및 수력 개발 등에 주력하여 왔으나 이제는 보다 더 수자원의 환경 보전적 차원과 도시의 안정적 발달을 위한 지역 및 권역 계획과 연계지워져서 양적인 안정 공급과 더불어 질적인 향상과 연계지워서 경제-사회적 요구에 부응할 수 있도록 도시권의 수자원을 최적 관리할 수 있는 방안을 강구하여야 할 것이다. 이는 각 도시 하천의 수자원의 정량적·정성적인 특성 및 제한 요소를 충분히 감안하여 수요-공급 개념에 의하여 과감히 기존 시설(예: 팔당댐의 운영, 대청댐의 운영 등)의 관리 운영 체계를 개선하여 나가야 할 것이며, 수질 보전적-환경 보전 차원에서 저수관리 체계를 확고히 할 수 있는 방안을 강구하여야 할 것이다.펄스주입법에 의해 증착된 박박은 강유전성 이력을 나타내었다.지역과 비도시지역을 비교하는 조사 연구가 필요하며, 이러한 조사결과를 바탕으로 자녀의 식습관에 대한 교육을 위한 교재, 교구의 개

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.27-42
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• 2016

Forest accounts for almost 64 percents of total land cover in South Korea. For inventorying, monitoring, and managing such large area of forest, application of remote sensing and geographic information system (RS/GIS) technology is essential. On the basis of spectral characteristics of satellite imagery, forest cover and tree species can be classified, and forest cover map can be prepared. Using three dimensional data of LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging), tree location and tree height can be measured, and biomass and carbon stocks can be also estimated. In addition, many indices can be extracted using reflection characteristics of land cover. For example, the level of vegetation vitality and forest degradation can be analyzed with VI (vegetation Index) and TGSI (Top Grain Soil Index), respectively. Also, pine wilt disease and o ak w ilt d isease c an b e e arly detected and controled through understanding of change in vegetation indices. RS and GIS take an important role in assessing carbon storage in climate change related projects such as A/R CDM, REDD+ as well. In the field of climate change adaptation, impact and vulnerability can be spatio-temporally assessed for national and local level with the help of spatio-temporal data of GIS. Forest growth, tree mortality, land slide, forest fire can be spatio-temporally estimated using the models in which spatio-temporal data of GIS are added as influence variables.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.115-145
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• 2007

This study was performed for developing upscaling Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM) of National Land in South Korea and presenting the application method of ECVAM. This ECVAM adopted the least indicator method and uses a Geographic Information System(GIS). This map is made through evaluation of 67 items. As a result, the construction of ECVAM was defined as a process of identifying land use to scientifically assess the physical and environmental value of land and classify conservation value into several grades for the sustainable management of environmental resources. After applying ECVAM criteria of five degrees to the whole of study area, Grade I, showing the highest conservation value, accounted for 29.3% by land area of ECVAM. Grades II, III, IV and V likewise accounted for, respectively, 21.7%, 17.2%, 7.1% and the lowest conservation value of 24.7%. other result, ECVAM and land suitability assessment agreement rate is Grade I 33.05%, Grades II, III, IV and V likewise accounted for 12.92%, 15.05%, 36.93% and last value of 53.28% This study set up "the realization of the improvement ECVAM" as the vision of the advancing strategy. In order to accomplish the vision, this study established the purpose as follow; constructing strategic assessment value relation to ECVAM based on knowledge, arranging the foundation to upscaling assessment value And this study devised preparatory plans to achieve the vision and the purpose as next; construction on base theme map by 1:5,000 scalie, base on land register theme map and precision land cover map. Therefore, for applying the result of this study to the upscaling Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM), it considers regularly the systematic categorization of preceding item, consideration issue of national environmental geographic information using the ECVAM.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.141-156
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• 2013

Researchers in welfare services of local government in Korea have rather been on isolated issues as disables, childcare, aging phenomenon, etc. (Kang, 2004; Jung et al., 2009). Lately, local officials, yet, realize that they need more comprehensive welfare services for all residents, not just for above-mentioned focused groups. Still cases dealt with focused group approach have been a main research stream due to various reason(Jung et al., 2009; Lee, 2009; Jang, 2011). Social Security Information System is an information system that comprehensively manages 292 welfare benefits provided by 17 ministries and 40 thousand welfare services provided by 230 local authorities in Korea. The purpose of the system is to improve efficiency of social welfare delivery process. The study of local government expenditure has been on the rise over the last few decades after the restarting the local autonomy, but these studies have limitations on data collection. Measurement of a local government's welfare efforts(spending) has been primarily on expenditures or budget for an individual, set aside for welfare. This practice of using monetary value for an individual as a "proxy value" for welfare effort(spending) is based on the assumption that expenditure is directly linked to welfare efforts(Lee et al., 2007). This expenditure/budget approach commonly uses total welfare amount or percentage figure as dependent variables (Wildavsky, 1985; Lee et al., 2007; Kang, 2000). However, current practice of using actual amount being used or percentage figure as a dependent variable may have some limitation; since budget or expenditure is greatly influenced by the total budget of a local government, relying on such monetary value may create inflate or deflate the true "welfare effort" (Jang, 2012). In addition, government budget usually contain a large amount of administrative cost, i.e., salary, for local officials, which is highly unrelated to the actual welfare expenditure (Jang, 2011). This paper used local government welfare service data from the detailed data sets linked to the Social Security Information System. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that affect social welfare spending of 230 local authorities in 2012. The paper applied multiple regression based model to analyze the pooled financial data from the system. Based on the regression analysis, the following factors affecting self-funded welfare spending were identified. In our research model, we use the welfare budget/total budget(%) of a local government as a true measurement for a local government's welfare effort(spending). Doing so, we exclude central government subsidies or support being used for local welfare service. It is because central government welfare support does not truly reflect the welfare efforts(spending) of a local. The dependent variable of this paper is the volume of the welfare spending and the independent variables of the model are comprised of three categories, in terms of socio-demographic perspectives, the local economy and the financial capacity of local government. This paper categorized local authorities into 3 groups, districts, and cities and suburb areas. The model used a dummy variable as the control variable (local political factor). This paper demonstrated that the volume of the welfare spending for the welfare services is commonly influenced by the ratio of welfare budget to total local budget, the population of infants, self-reliance ratio and the level of unemployment factor. Interestingly, the influential factors are different by the size of local government. Analysis of determinants of local government self-welfare spending, we found a significant effect of local Gov. Finance characteristic in degree of the local government's financial independence, financial independence rate, rate of social welfare budget, and regional economic in opening-to-application ratio, and sociology of population in rate of infants. The result means that local authorities should have differentiated welfare strategies according to their conditions and circumstances. There is a meaning that this paper has successfully proven the significant factors influencing welfare spending of local government in Korea.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.5A
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• pp.407-415
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• 2010

In Korea, more than 90% of the total number of steel bridges built for 40~70 m span length is a steel box-girder bridge type. A steel box-girder bridge is suitable for long span or curved bridges with outstanding flexural and torsional rigidity as well as good constructability and safety. However, a steel box-girder bridge is uneconomical, requiring many secondary members and workmanship such as stiffeners and ribs requiring welding attachments to flanges or webs. Therefore, in US and Japan, a plate girder bridge, which is relatively cheap and easy to construct is generally used. One type of the plate girder bridge is the two- or three-main girder plate bridge, which is a composite plate girder bridge that minimizes the number of required main girders by increasing the distance between the adjacent girders. Also, for the simplification of girder section, the stiffener which requires attachment to the web is not required. The two-main steel girder plate bridge is a representative type of plate girder bridges, which is suitable for bridges with 10 m effective width and has been developed in the early 1960s in France. To ensure greater safety of two- or three-main girder plate bridges, a larger steel section is used in the bridge domestically than in Europe or Japan. Also, the total number of two- or three-main girder plate bridge constructed in Korea is significantly less than the steel box girder bridge due to a lack of designers' familiarity with more complex design detailing of the bridge compare to that of a steel box girder bridge design. In this study, a new construction method called Turn Over method is proposed to minimize the steel section size used in a two- or three-main girder plate bridge by applying prestressing force to the member using confining concrete section's weight to reduce construction cost. Also, a full scale 20 m Turn Over girder specimen and a Turn Over girder bridge specimen were tested to evaluate constructability and structural safety of the members constructed using Turn Over process.