• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2008

This study aims for generating a city spatial model required for the creation of a 3D noise map. In this study, we propose an efficient method to generate 3D models of the terrain and buildings using only a digital map and draft maps previously established without using any sensory data. The terrain model is generated by interpolating into a grid the elevation values derived from both the contour lines and the elevation point of the digital map. Building model is generated by combining the 2D building boundaries and the building elevations extracted from the digital map and the draft map, respectively. This method has been then applied to a digital map and three sets of draft maps created in the different times. covering the entire area of Yeongdeungpo-gu. The generated city spatial model has been successfully utilized for the noise analysis and the 3D visualization of the analysis results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.600-603
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• 2003

지리정보시스템(GIS) 분야에서 3차원 가시화에 대한 요구는 점점 높아져가고 있다. 3차원으로 표현되는 GIS 정보는 현재 제공되고 있는 2차원 GIS 데이터 정보 표현의 한계를 극복할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 더 높은 가독성과 함께 표현할 수 있는 정보의 양과 형식이 다양하여 GIS의 효용가치를 더욱 증대시킬 수 있다. 따라서 공간자료(Spatial Data)의 오차한계를 극복하고, 정밀한 3차원 데이터를 효율성 있게 구축하여 유지 및 관리할 수 있는 3차원 지리정보시스템(3D GIS)의 다양한 모델들이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 부산광역시 해운대구 전역을 대상으로 3차원 수치지도를 제작하고 이를 기반으로 국내 최초의 도시 3차원 지리정보시스템(3D GIS) 구축을 목적으로 진행되며 클라이언트/서버 환경의 지리정보시스템 구조를 기반으로 하여 3차원 지리정보시스템(3D GIS)을 설계하고 구현한다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

The visual implementation of 3-dimensional national environment is focused by the requirement and importance in the fields such as, urban planing, telecommunication facility deployment plan, railway construction, construction engineering, spatial city development, safety and disaster prevention engineering. The currently used DEM system based on the 2-D digital maps and contour lines has limitation in implementation in reproducing the 3-D spatial city. Currently, the LiDAR data which combines the laser and GPS skill has been introduced to obtain high resolution accuracy in the altitude measurement in the advanced country. In this paper, we first introduce the LiDAR based researches in advanced foreign countries, then we propose the data generation scheme and an solution algorithm for the optimal management of our 3-D spatial u-City construction. For this purpose, LiDAR based height data transformed to DEM, and the realtime unification of the vector via digital image mapping and raster via exactness evaluation is transformed to make it possible to trace the model of generated 3-dimensional model with long distance for 3D u-city model generation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.31-36
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• 2006

최근 그래픽기술과 자료관리기술이 발전함에 따라 3차원적 가시화 및 분석에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 국내의 경우 국가 GIS사업과 더불어 대전, 광주, 부산 등 각 지자체들의 GIS 구축사업으로 인한 3차원적 공간정보의 활용이 증대되고 있다. 특히 대도시의 토지이용 효율을 높이고 건설회사의 이윤을 극대화하기 위하여 기존의 저층 주거용 건물을 고층 아파트 또는 고층 주상복합 건물로 재건축 또는 재개발하는 경우가 빈번해졌다. 이러한 과정에서, 신축되는 고층 건물과 기존 단독주택 또는 공동주택의 일조권, 조망권, 사생활권 등 환경권 침해에 대한 민원이나 법적 분쟁이 많이 일어나고 있다. 이에 합리적이고 과학적인 대안제시를 위하여 3차원적인 도시모델을 기반으로 하는 도시지역에 대한 환경권분석이 요구되고 있다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.75-86
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• 2011

Three-dimensional modeling of cities in the real-world is an essential task for city planning and decision-making. And many three-dimensional city models are being developed with the development of wireless Internet and location-based services that identify the location of users and provide the information increases for consumers. Especially, in case of urban areas of Korea, indoor space modeling as well as outdoor is needed due to the high-rise buildings densities. Also location-based services should be provided through spatial analysis such as the shortest path based on a space model. Many studies of three-dimensional city models are feature models. In a feature model, space is represented by combining primitives, and relationships among spaces are represented only if shared primitives are detected. So relationships between complex three-dimensional objects in space is difficult to be defined through the feature models. In this study, Navigable space-relation model(NSRM) is developed, which is topological data model for efficient representation of spatial relationships between objects based on the network structure.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.356-359
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 교량의 정보를 효율적으로 관리하고 활용할 수 있는 3차원 형상기반 표준정보모델을, 현실 세계와 유사한 3차원 가상공간에 표현함으로써 실제 공간에 대해 보다 정확한 분석을 수행 할 수 있도록 교량정보모델과 3차원 지리정보체계를 연계하는 방안을 제시하였다. 교량의 표준정보모델은 기존에 개발된 STEP 기반의 교량정보모델을 활용하였으며, 3차원 지리정보체계는 지리정보상에 3차원 도시객체를 표현하기 위한 표준데이터모델인 CityGML를 활용하였다. 교량정보모델을 GIS와 연계하기 위한 핵심 요소인 교량구조물의 형상표현 LOD(Level of Detail)는 CityGML의 가이드라인을 준용하여 교량구조물에 적합하도록 새롭게 구성하였다. 즉, 빌딩구조물 위주로 정의되어진 기존의 CityGML의 한계점을 극복하기 위해, 총 5단계의 교량구조물의 LOD를 작성하여 각 단계별로 지리정보 상에 교량 형상을 표현할 수 있도록 LOD를 정의하였다. 또한, 두 모델을 소프트웨어적으로 연계하기 위하여 기존의 STEP 기반 교량정보모델을 활용하여, GIS의 정보로 변환하기 위한 소프트웨어 아키텍처를 구성하였다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

There is no doubt that the urban heat island (UHI) is a mounting problem in built-up environments, due to energy retention by the surface materials of dense buildings, leading to increased temperatures, air pollution, and energy consumption. To investigate the UHI, three-dimensional (3-D) information is necessary to analyze complex sites, including dense building clusters. In this research, 3-D building geometry information is combined with two-dimensional (2-D) urban surface information to examine the relationship between urban characteristics and temperature. In addition, this research introduces spatial regression models to account for the spatial spillover effects of urban temperatures, and includes the following steps: (a) estimating urban temperatures, (b) developing a 3-D city model, (c) generating urban parameters, and (d) conducting statistical analyses using both Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) and Spatial Regression Models. The results demonstrate that 3-D urban characteristics greatly affect temperatures and that neighborhood effects are critical in explaining temperature variations. Finally, the implications of the results are discussed, providing guidelines for policies to reduce the UHI.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.7 no.1 s.13
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• pp.75-86
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• 1999

Three dimensional city model is composed of man-made and natural features, among these, most of man-made features are buildings. Therefore, it is very important to extract the building informations accurately and promptly to update the existing database. To achieve this, DTM can be reconstructed using building Information which is extracted from DTM, then this can be used as three dimensional city model. Thus, this paper aims to extract building boundaries and heights from high resolution DTM and edge informations of aerial photograph using mathematical morphology and image segmentation. We found that it is possible to extract buildings using opening operation in mathematical morphology and to improve the accuracy of building extraction using edge informations from aerial photograph.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.6
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• pp.451-462
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• 2009

The spread of satellite image increases various services using it. Especially, 3D visualization services of the whole earth such as $Google\;Earth^{TM}$ and $Virtual\;Earth^{TM}$ or 3D GIS services for several cities provide realistic geometry information of buildings and terrain of wide areas. These service can be used in the various fields such as urban planning, improvement of roads, entertainment, military simulation and emergency response. The research about extracting the building and terrain information effectively from the high-resolution satellite image is required. In this paper, presents a system for effective extraction of the building model from a single high-resolution satellite image, after examine requirements for building model extraction. The proposed system utilizes geometric features of satellite image and the geometric relationship among the building, the shadow of the building, the positions of the sun and the satellite to minimize user interaction. Finally, after extracting the 3D building, the fact that effective extraction of the model from single high-resolution satellite will be show.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2015

When planning for streams, adequate and definite flood control should be in the primary consideration of the planner; likewise, flood control is the basic prerequisite for the recent river restoration taking place nationwide. Planning 'safe' streams and rivers that are predictable and controllable begins from accurate survey data. In this research, we will create streams in 3D terrain models and apply them through hydraulic analysis and restoration using smart geospatial information. This process allows the extraction of more accurate data regarding streams and rivers, which makes possible precise hydraulic analysis that is superior in details to the conventional methods. The study also proposes optimal vertical section interval for efficient data processing on hydraulic analysis, applicable when LiDAR data is utilized on hydraulic analysis of urban streams. The study proposes 3D design plan and various applications for spatially planning and restoring rivers and streams.