• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.639-645
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• 2018

The objective of this research was to compare the precision of scanning the digital abutment impression and gypsum model according to 3-dimensional superimposing different skills. There were made with the abutment impression and gypsum model of a maxillary 1st premolar, blue light scanner scanned to obtain the stereolithography (STL) file. After the same process was performed 10 more times without moving them on the scanner table about the abutment impression and gypsum model, respectively (n=11, per types). By superimposing the date of scanning the abutment impression and gypsum model used with no control and best-fit-alignment skills, 10 color-difference maps and root mean square (RMS) data were obtained. The independent t-test was performed to compare RMS data between the each other groups (${\alpha}=0.05$). In the scanning abutment impressions, $RMS{\pm}SD$ of no control, best-fit-alignment showed $6.86{\pm}0.94$, $5.04{\pm}0.24$. in the scanning gypsum model, $4.98{\pm}1.16$, $3.39{\pm}0.07$, all groups showed a significant difference (P<0.001). Trough the this study's result, not only best-fit-alignment but no control is used with digital dental computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) research and clinical part.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 1995

Significant developments in the use of digital imagery for close-range photogrammetric metrology have occured in the last few years because of technological advances in digital image processing. Present day needs for applications of digital image processing technique to measurements of photographs obtained with non-metric camera at reduced cost, automation and convenience. In order for this application to be useful, a detailed procedure must be developed. Investigation of this study is given to the detailed procedure for the digital measurements of the object space data from the scanned non-metric photographs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.275-276
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• 2016

토공 작업현장의 정확한 계측을 위해 3차원 스캐너(Terrestrial Laser Scanner, TLS)의 이용이 점차 확대되고 있으며, 스캐너를 통해 취득한 원지형 디지털 정보를 건설기계 장비 자동화를 위한 기초자료로 활용하는 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 3차원 지형정보를 취득하기 위해서는 현장측정 및 후처리작업이 필요하며, 현장측정과 후처리를 위한 방법 선택에 따라, 측정 정밀도 및 소요시간이 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 최적 스캐닝 플랫폼 구축을 위해 현장측정 및 후처리 방법에 따라 변화하는 정밀도 및 생산성을 계측 분석하는 방법을 제안하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.478-481
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• 2012

구조 광을 이용한 3차원 정보 획득 방법으로는 레이저 스캐닝 기술과 다양한 패턴을 투영 기술, 그리고 컬러 패턴을 이용한 기술 등이 존재한다. 여러 장의 이진 패턴을 사용하는 경우, 여러 장의 패턴영상을 영속적으로 투영해야 하므로 움직이는 물체가 있는 경우 3차원 복원이 불가능한 단점을 지니고 있으며, 이를 보안하기 위해 그레이 혹은 컬러 패턴을 사용하여 패턴의 영상수를 줄일 수는 있으나, 이 경우엔 깊이 맵의 해상도의 한계와 컬러 오브젝트로 인한 에러 발생 문제가 발생 한다. 본 논문에서는 PWM(Pulse Width Modulation)방식을 이용하여 이진 패턴과 컬러 패턴의 문제점을 보완할 수 있게 단일 영상, 즉 "One-Shot"으로 스캐닝 하는 알고리즘을 제시한다.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.418-421
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• 2005

Three-dimensional (3D) microfabrication process using two-photon polymerization (TPP) is developed to fabricate the curved microstructures in a layer, which can be applied potentially to optical MEMS, nano/micro-devices, etc. A 3D curved structure can be expressed using the same height-contours that are defined by symbolic colors which consist of 14 colors. Then, the designed bitmap figure is transformed into a multi-exposure voxel matrix (MVM). In this work a multi-exposure voxel matrix scanning method is used to generate various heights of voxels according to each laser exposure time that is assigned to the symbolic colors. An objective lens with a numerical aperture of 1.25 is employed to enlarge the variation of a voxel height in the range of 1.2 to 6.4 um which can be controlled easily using the various exposure time. Though this work some 3D curved micro-shapes are fabricated directly to demonstrate the usefulness of the process without a laminating process that is generally required in a micro-stereolithography process.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.525-531
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• 2015

According to the increasing demand for 3D indoor spatial information, the utilization of a terrestrial laser scanner comes to the fore. However, the research for the comparison between a terrestrial laser scanning method and a traditional surveying method is insufficient. The paper evaluated the time-efficiency and the locational accuracy of an AMCW type and a direct TOF type of terrestrial laser scanning methods in comparison with the observation using a total station. As a result, an AMCW type showed higher time-efficiency than a direct TOF type and the RMSE between the two types of data was ${\pm}1mm$. Moreover, the terrestrial laser scanning method showed twice higher time-efficiency than the observation using a total station and the RMSE between the two data was ${\pm}3.4cm$. The results indicate that the terrestrial laser scanning method has better profitability and performance for 3D indoor modeling than the traditional survey using a total station. In the future, a terrestrial laser scanner can be efficiently utilized in the construction of 3D indoor spatial information.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.79-80
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 다방향 패턴을 이용한 구조광(structured light)방식의 3차원 스캔 기법을 적용하여 3차원 스캐너의 3차원 형상 취득의 정밀도를 높이는 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 단방향 패턴을 이용한 3차원 구조광 방식의 스캔 기법으로 3차원 형상을 취득하는 경우, 스캔 대상 표면의 법선벡터가 패턴의 방향과 수평 할수록 부정확한 형상이 복원된다. 본 논문에서는 스캔 대상의 경사면에 따른 법선 벡터(normal vector) 검출 및 검출된 벡터를 통한 최적의 패턴 방향 선출(quantization), 그리고 각 화소의 최적의 패턴방향을 이용한 선별적인 구조광 방식의 3차원 스캔 기법을 통하여 3차원 형상 취득의 정확성을 높이는 기법을 제안한다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2011

A precision measurement and digital image restoration of the 5th century's gilt bronze cap of Baekje dynasty, excavated from the ancient tomb of Andong, Goheung in 2006, was undertaken. The objective of the scanning is to preserve precise feature of the artefact in the form of digital data by embodying it in 3 dimensional space. Acquirement of the data has been undertaken in the following process : 3D scanning to obtain 3D shape and color information(original data photographing)-3D modelling(joining original data and restoring non-photographed or damaged area)-CG image production. Production of restoration CG image was based on joined shape of original data and each part's measurement on CAD. Non-photographed part and area of loss was restored referring actual measurement and research result of excavated cap from the 5th to 8th century. 3D image restoration is one of artefact restoration methods which restores artefact without risk. It is also undertaken with historical research. As result, this method can enhance aesthetic and academic value of the artefact by successful restoration.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2019

Recently, as a part of the production of spatial information by smart cities, three-dimensional reproduction of structures for reverse engineering has been attracting attention. In particular, terrestrial LiDAR is mainly used for 3D reproduction of structures, and 3D reproduction research by UAS has been actively conducted. However, both technologies produce blind spots due to the shooting angle. This study deals with vertical structures. 3D model implemented through SfM-based image analysis technology using UAS and reproducibility and effectiveness of 3D models by terrestrial LiDAR-based laser scanning are examined. In addition, two 3D models are merged and reviewed to complement the blind spot. For this purpose, UAS based image is acquired for artificial rock wall, VCP and check point are set through GNSS equipment and total station, and 3D model of structure is reproduced by using SfM based image analysis technology. In addition, Through 3D LiDAR scanning, the 3D point cloud of the structure was acquired, and the accuracy of reproduction and completeness of the 3D model based on the checkpoint were compared and reviewed with the UAS-based image analysis results. In particular, accuracy and realistic reproducibility were verified through a combination of point cloud constructed from UAS and terrestrial LiDAR. The results show that UAS - based image analysis is superior in accuracy and 3D model completeness and It is confirmed that accuracy improves with the combination of two methods. As a result of this study, it is expected that UAS and terrestrial LiDAR laser scanning combination can complement and reproduce precise three-dimensional model of vertical structure, so it can be effectively used for spatial information construction, safety diagnosis and maintenance management.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.22
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• pp.31-42
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• 2008

A stone cultural heritage often lacks design drawing and detailed geometric informations, thus it becomes more difficult to conservation and restoration. Even though there is active database of detail shape information and numerical measurement for stone monuments, most of the data is in hard-to-utilize two-dimensional images. The new technology developed to overcome this problem is three-dimensional image scanning system. The multi-storied stone pagoda of the Daewonsa temple was analysed with 3D scanning image data then survey map with orientation displacement was evaluated. The difference of each side became apparent with the members of the stone properties was measured, also horizontal and vertical displacement occurred. Horizontal displacement occurred in increasing severity from left to right and from body section to upper part. The 8th roof stones are leaning toward northwest direction due to lateral displacement. The evaluation and measurement of displacement could cause a little errors due to the characteristics uneven surface of stone monuments, computer program and mistakes from the researcher. In future, more precise measurement and stability studies should be done to suggest that accurate data for conservation and understanding of damage condition can be provided.