• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-44
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• 1973

국유림경영(國有林經營)은 어느 나라를 막론(莫論)하고 그 사명(使命)과 경영목적(經營目的)으로 봐서 중요시(重要視)되고 있다. 한국(韓國)의 국유림(國有林)도 또한 한국경제(韓國經濟)의 비약적(飛躍的)인 발전(發展)에 따라 목림수요(木林需要)의 계속적(繼續的)인 증가(增加)로 국가적(國家的)인 사명(使命)과 산업경제적(產業經濟的)으로 더욱 중요(重要)한 위치(位置)에 놓이게 되었다. 그러나 지금(只今)까지 한국임정(韓國林政)의 주요목표(主要目標)가 산림자원(山林資源)의 보존(保存)과 국토보전기능(國土保全機能)의 회복(回復)에만 급급(汲汲)한 나머지 임업(林業)의 경제생산성(經濟生產性)을 높이는 산업정책적의의(產業政策的意義)가 적었음을 우리는 부인(否認)할 수 없다. 그리하여 한국(韓國)의 임업(林業)도 한국경제구조중(韓國經濟構造中)의 일환(一環)으로서 산업적(產業的)으로 발전(發展)시킬 필요(必要)에 직면(直面)하게 되어 국유림(國有林)도 합리적(合理的)인 산림시업(山林施業)에 기초(基礎)를 둔 산림생산력(山林生產力)의 증강(增强)이 절실(切實)하게 되었고, 그렇게 하므로써 결과적(結果的)으로 우수(優秀)한 산림(山林)이 조성(造成)되어 자연(自然), 산림(山林)의 국토보전기능(國土保全機能) 기타(其他)의 공익적기능(公益的機能)도 발휘(發揮)될 수 있을 것으로 본다. 한국(韓國)의 국유림(國有林)은 1908년(年) 임적계출시(林籍屆出時)의 역사적(歷史的) 소산(所產)으로서 그 후(後) 국토보존(國土保存)과 산림경영(山林經營) 학술연구(學術硏究) 기타(其他) 공익상(公益上) 국유(國有)로 보존(保存)할 필요(必要)가 있는 요존림(要存林)과 이에 속(屬)하지 않는 부요존림(不要存林)으로 구분(區分)하고 요존국유림중(要存國有林中) 국가(國家)가 직접(直接) 임업경영(林業經營)을 목적(目的)으로 하는 산림(山林)은 3개영림서(個營林署)에서 관리(管理)하고 있으며 기타(其他)는 각시도(各市道) 및 타부처소관(他部處所管)으로 되어있는데 국유림(國有林)은 1971년말현재(年末現在) 전국산림면적(全國山林面積)의 19.5%(1,297,708 ha)를 점(占)하고 있으나 임목축적(林木蓄積)은 전국산림총축적량(全國山林總蓄積量)의 50.1%($35,406,079m^3$)를 점(占)하고 연간(年間) 국내용재생산량(國內用材生產量)의 23.6%($205,959m^3$)를 생산(生產)하고 있는 사실(事實)은 한국임업(韓國林業)에 있어 국유림(國有林)이 점(占)하고 있는 지위(地位)가 중요시(重要視)되고 있는 이유(理由)이다. 따라서 국유림경영(國有林經營)의 성패(成敗)는 한국임업(韓國林業)의 성쇠(盛衰)를 좌우(左右)한다고 단언(斷言)할 수도 있을 것이다. 산림(山林)이 가진 모든 기능(機能)이 가 중요(重要)하지만 특(特)히 목재생산(木材生產)은 한국(韓國)과 같이 매년(每年) 막대(莫大)한 외재도입(外材導入)(1971년도(年度)는 $3,756,000m^3$ 도입(導入)에 160,995,000불(弗) 지출(支出))을 필요(必要)로 하는 임업실정(林業實情)임에 비춰 더욱 중요시(重要視)되고 이에 대처(對處)하기 위(爲)한 산림생산력(山林生產力)의 증강(增强)은 시급(時急)한 과제(課題)인 것이다. 그러나 임업생산(林業生產)은 장기생산(長期生產)이기 때문에 경제발전(經濟發展)에 따른 급격(急激)한 목재수요(木材需要)의 증가(增加)에 직시(直時) 대처(對處)하기 어려우므로 장기적(長期的)인 전망(展望)밑에 자금(資金)과 기술(技術)을 효과적(効果的)으로 투입(投入)하고 국유림경영(國有林經營)을 합리화(合理化)하고 능률화(能率化)하여 생산력증강(生產力增强)을 기(期)하여야 할 것이다. 한국(韓國)의 국유림사업(國有林事業)에는 기술적(技術的) 재정적(財政的)인 애로(隘路)와 인건비(人件費)의 증대(增大) 노임(勞賃)의 상승(上昇) 행정제경비(行政諸經費)의 증가등(增加等) 많은 난관(難關)이 가로놓여있다 하겠으나 앞으로의 국유림(國有林)의 발전여부(發展與否)는 사회(社會) 경제(經濟)의 발전(發展)에 적응(適應)한 기술(技術)과 경영방식(經營方式)을 채용(採用)할 수 있느냐 없느냐에 달려있다고 본다. 이러한 관점(觀點)에서 본조사연구(本調査硏究)에서는 한국(韓國)의 국유림경영(國有林經營)의 실태(實態)를 파악분석(把握分析)하고 불합리(不合理)한 문제점(問題點)들을 찾아서 정책적(政策的) 기술적(技術的) 재정적면(財政的面)에서 개선(改善)할 수 있도록 하는데에 본연구(本硏究)의 목적(目的)이 있다. 본논문작성(本論文作成)에 있어 국유림(國有林)의 각종통계(各種統計)는 산림청(山林廳)이 1971년말현재(年末現在) 산림기본통계(山林基本統計) 및 1973년도(年度) 산림사업실적통계(山林事業實績統計)에 의거(依據)하였고 기타(其他)는 현지영림서(現地營林署)에서 얻은 자료(資料)를 인용(引用)하였다. 논자(論者)는 본연구결과(本硏究結果) 다음과 같은 국유림개선방안(國有林改善方案)을 제시(提示)코저 한다. 1) 국유림조직기구(國有林組織機構)에 있어 영림서(營林署)의 증설(增設)로 집약적(集約的)안 국유림경영(國有林經營)을 도모(圖謀)하고 경영계획계(經營計劃係)를 과기구(課機構)로 강화(强化)한다. 2) 보호직원(保護職員)의 증원(增員)으로 1인당책임구역면적(人當責任區域面積)을 1,000~2,000ha 정도(程度)로 축소(縮小)시킨다. 3) 국유림경영(國有林經營) 일선책임자(一線責任者)인 영림서장(營林署長)의 빈번(頻繁)한 인사이동(人事異動)으로 일관성(一貫性)있는 경영계획실행(經營計劃實行)에 차질(蹉跌)을 가져오지 않도록 한다. 4) 경영계획업무(經營計劃業務)에 있어 부실(不實)한 계획(計劃)이 되지 않도록 충분(充分)한 예산(豫算)과 인원(人員)을 배정(配定)하여 기초적(基礎的)인 조사(調査)를 면밀(綿密)히 한다. 5) 1영림서(營林署) 1사업구원칙(事業區原則)을 현실(現實)시키고 1사업구면적(事業區面積)은 평균(平均) 2만(萬) ha 이하(以下)로 한다. 6) 장기차입금(長期借入金)으로 조속(早速)히 미립목지(未立木地)를 입목지화(立木地化)하고 활엽수림(濶葉樹林)의 수종갱신(樹種更新)과 활엽수림(濶葉樹林)의 이용방도(利用方途)를 개발(開發)한다. 7) 조림(造林) 및 양묘사업(養苗事業)의 기계화(機械化) 약제화(藥劑化) 방안(方案)을 강구(講究)하고 실천(實踐)하므로써 노동력(勞動力) 부족(不足)에 대비(對備)한다. 8) 보호사업(保護事業)에 있어 산화피해율(山火被害率)이 외국(外國)에 비(比)하여 막대(莫大) 하므로 제도변(制度面)이나 장비면(裝備面)에서 개선(改善)되어야 하고 방화선(防火線)의 설치(設置) 및 유지(維持)에 필요(必要)한 최소한도(最小限度)의 예산(豫算)을 확보(確保)한다. 9) 제품생산사업(製品生產事業)을 강화(强化)하고 생산(生產) 가공(加工) 유통(流通)을 계열화(系列化)하여 지원민(地元民)에게 경제적혜택(經濟的惠澤)을 준다. 10) 임도망(林道網)의 시설정비(施設整備)와 치산사업(治山事業)은 국유림자체(國有林自體)의 개발(開發)을 위(爲)해서나 지방개발(地方開發)을 위(爲)해서 필요(必要)하므로 일반회계(一般會計)의 부담(負擔)으로 추진(推進)한다. 11) 임업(林業)의 기계화(機械化)는 목재수요(木材需要)의 증대(增大)와 노력부족(勞力不足)에 따라 필연적(必然的)이므로 가계도입(機械導入) 및 국산화(國產化), 사용자(使用者)의 양성(養成) 및 기계관리(機械管理)에 만전(萬全)을 기(期)한다. 12) 노무사정(勞務事情)은 악화(惡化)할 것이 예견(豫見)되므로 임업노동자(林業勞動者)의 확보(確保) 및 복리후생대책(福利厚生對策)을 수립(樹立)한다. 13) 경제변동(經濟變動)에 따른 수지악화시(收支惡化時)에도 일정규모(一定規模)의 지출(支出)을 보장(保障)하기 위(爲)하여 잉여금(剩餘金)의 일부(一部)은 기금(基金)으로 확보(確保)하고 나머지는 확대조림(擴大造林) 임도사업등(林道事業等) 선행투자사업(先行投資事業)에 사용(使用)한다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2011

1996년도의 유통시장개방을 계기로 소매유통 환경이 급변하기 시작하였으며, 이러한 소매유통 환경변화에 대한 대응력을 강화하기 위해 조직화를 통한 규모화가 산지의 중요한 과제로 대두되고 있다. 이에 산지에서는 여건변화에 대응하기 위하여 소규모 개별농가가 조직화를 통해 전문화·대규모화 되어 가고 있고, 품목별·지역별로 특화되어 가는 양상을 보이고 있다. 하지만 소비지 시장에 대한 경쟁력 강화라는 관점에서는 여전히 문제점을 보이고 있는 것이 사실이다. 이러한 문제점의 가장 대표적인 경우가 시장대응상의 산지유통조직의 조직화·규모화 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구들을 통한 농산물 유통환경 변화에 따른 산지 조직화 배경 및 필요성, 국내 산지유통조직의 현황 및 문제점, 국내·외 산지유통조직 우수사례를 살펴보고, 조직화·규모화를 중심으로 향후 산지유통조직 경쟁력 제고방안을 위한 개선방안에 대해 제시하였다. 연구 결과, 농산물 소매유통환경 변화에 따라 산지유통조직의 경쟁력을 제고하기 위한 개선방안으로 1) 원물수집 체계 다양화를 통한 가동률 향상 및 조직화 강화, 2) 전문화된 품목의 광역연합마케팅 추구를 통한 규모화 실현, 3) 국외 산지유통조직 우수사례인 프랑스 "브레따뉴 청과물 경제위원회"와 같은 관리 운영조직 설치 및 운영, 4) 국내에 적합한 산지유통조직모델 개발을 위한 지원체계 확립 등의 4가지를 제시하였다. 특히 국내 산지의 경우 산지조직화·규모화에 성공한 각종 사례분석을 통해, 조직적 규모화의 과정 속에서 생겨나는 각종 어려움과 그에 대한 극복방식 등을 일반화 시켜가는 노력이 요구된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2021

본 연구는 LiDAR 센서의 산림자원조사 적용성 검토를 위하여 제주 절물자연휴양림을 대상으로 삼나무의 개체목 탐지, 흉고직경과 수고를 측정하여 전통적인 산림자원조사와 정확성과 효율성을 비교·분석하였다. 백팩형 지상라이다(Backpack Personal Laser Scanning; BPLS)는 Greenvalley International 사(社)의 Model D50을 사용하였다. 최적의 데이터 수집을 위하여 표준지의 밀도와 작업 효율성을 고려한 LiDAR스캔의 표본추출방법을 7가지로 구분하였다. 분석은 개체목 변수 측정의 정확성을 파악하고 요소작업별 시간과 전체 분석시간을 조사하여 효율성을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 백팩형 지상라이다를 이용한 입목 탐지율은 모든 패턴이 100%로 나타났다. 정확성은 패턴5(흉고직경: RMSE: 1.07 cm, Bias: -0.79 cm, 수고: RMSE: 0.95 m, Bias: -3.2 m)와 패턴7(흉고직경: RMSE: 1.18 cm, Bias: -0.82 cm, 수고: RMSE 1.13 m, Bias: -2.62 m)이 현장조사 방법으로 얻은 결과와 비교하였을 때 통계적 정확성이 높은 결과를 보였다. BPLS와 현장조사를 이용하여 1 ha의 데이터를 처리하는데 걸린 시간을 환산한 결과 BPLS는 약 115분~135분이 소요되며, 현장조사방법은 375분~1,115분으로 BPLS를 이용한 방법이 더 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 하층식생이 적고 비교적 관리가 잘 된 인공 침엽수림에서는 BPLS 장비를 활용하여 효율적인 산림자원조사가 가능하며, 앞으로 다양한 임분 조건에서 적용 가능성을 분석할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.231-241
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• 2021

본 연구는 근로자의 학업 열망이 대학교육 참여에 미치는 연구를 통해 대학교 관계자들에게 신입생유치 및 맞춤 교육을 위한 전략과 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 따라서 선행자료들을 분석하여 변수들을 도출하였고, 변수들 간의 인과관계 설정과 질문지를 개발하였다. 조사 대상은 대학교육 참여에 관심 있는 근로자 331명을 대상으로 대인면접법으로 자료 수집을 하였다. 수집된 자료는 데이터화를 하였고, 신뢰성 및 타당성 검증과 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 마지막으로 구조 방정식 모형의 적합도와 각 개념에 대한 인과관계를 검증하였다. 따라서 검증결과 본 연구의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학 관계자들은 대학교육을 통해 적성에 맞는 직업군으로 전환한 경험자와의 멘토·멘티 제도를 통해 동기부여를 해야 할 것이다. 또한 미래를 위해 지속적인 자기계발을 할 수 있도록 프로그램을 개발하고 보급해야 할 것이다. 이를 위해 전문가와의 상담을 통해 본인의 적성과 장점을 파악할 수 있도록 지원해야 할 것이다. 둘째, 대학 관계자들은 추천을 통해 입학을 한 근로자들이 직업전환을 이룬 사례와 정보를 입학 예정자가 알 수 있도록 홍보를 강화해야 할 것이다. 또한 자기 계발을 할 수 있는 대학교육 프로그램을 개발하고 '공모전' 등을 통해 다양한 아이디어를 수용하고 재가공을 통해 근로자에게 대학교육에 대한 정확한 정보를 제공해야 할 것이다. 셋째, 대학 관계자들은 대학교육을 통해 직업전환과 자기계발이라는 두 마리의 토끼를 잡을 수 있다는 프로그램을 근로자에게 제공해야 한다. 즉, 대학 입학시 해외 선진 기업 견학, 다양한 자격증 취득, 블루칼라·화이트칼라의 부서 간 이동, 이직 기회 획득 등 다양한 정보제공과 졸업 선배들의 성공 사례들을 제공함으로써 근로자들의 학습 동기 유발을 자극시켜야 할 것이다. 넷째, 대학 관계자들은 직업전환을 위해서는 대학교육에 참여하여 체계적인 교육과 사회 환경의 흐름 등을 교육받음으로써 한층 더 발전할 수 있는 곳이 대학이라는 것과 이와 관련된 대학교육 프로그램을 적극적으로 홍보해야 할 것이다. 마지막으로 대학 관계자들은 근로자가 대학교육 참여시 자기계발을 할 수 있다는 인식이 발생하도록 근로자와의 상담 및 홍보를 실시해야 할 것이고, 근로자들의 수요조사 및 분석을 통해 자기계발을 위해 필요한 사항들이 무엇인지 파악하여 이에 대한 대응방안들을 마련해야 할 것이다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제11D권1호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2004

기존의 연구비 관리업무는 예산계획, 예산편성 및 예산정산 부분으로 관리됨으로써 여러 가지 문제점이 발생되었다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하고 연구비의 안정적인 확보와 효율적인 운영 및 투명한 집행을 위하여 연구비의 통합관리가 절실하게 요구되고있는 실정이다. 최근의 이러한 추세를 반영하여 기존의 시스템 통합업체(Inmon, IBM)의 데이터 웨어하우스 개발 프로세스에 대해서 연구한 결과 Inmon의 데이터 웨어하우스 개발 프로세스에서는 고전적인 개발주기 기법으로 단계적이며 순차적인 접근방법을 이용한다. 이로 인해 개발단계에서 중복되어지는 부분이 나타나게 되어 각 단계의 진행과정에서 그 이전단계로 피드백이 요청되는 심각한 문제를 유발하게 된다. 또한, IBM의 데이터 웨어하우스 개발 프로세스에서는 개발 프로세스가 수행되는 동안 기능과 데이터가 분리되어 어떤 기능이 데이터를 참조하고 수정하는지 안기 어려운 문제점이 발생되었다. 따라서, 된 논문에서는 이러한 문제점들을 해결하고자 계획 덴 분석단계, 설계단계, 구현 및 시험단계에서 UML을 적용한 엔터프라이즈 환경의 연구비 통합관리 데이터 웨어하우스 개발 프로세스를 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 예산계획 DB, 예산편성 DB, 예산정산 DB의 데이터를 이용하여 사용자가 인하는 정보를 찾아주는 역할을 정보검색 에이전트에서 수행한다. 또한, 정보통합 에이전트에서는 정보검색 에이전트에서 수집한 데이터를 추출, 전송, 가공, 로딩 하여 통합 데이터베이스에 저장한다. 결과적으로, 정보통합 에이전트에서는 다수의 정보소스를 사용자가 하나하나 접근하여 검사하는 노력을 줄여주고 사용자에게 불필요하다고 판단되는 데이터를 걸러주는 역할을 수행한다. 이러한 결과로 사용자의 요구사항을 최대한 반영하여 연구비 관리정책의 수립에 필요한 다양한 형태의 의사결정 지원정보를 제공할 수 있도록 하였다. 최종 사용자에게는 원하는 분석정보를 신속하게 접근하여 단편적인 관점보다는 종합적인 관점에서 다양한 분석자료를 제공받을 수 있도록 하였다. 또한, 3개의 시스템을 하나로 통합한 결과 데이터의 공유, 시스템 통합, 운영비용 절감, 의사결정 지원환경을 단순화시키는 효과를 제공하였다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2004

농업기상정보에 대한 수요는 흥미로운 내용보다는 농업현장에서 사용자가 직접 활용할 수 있는 내용이 점증하고 있다. 이러한 수요에 부응하기 위해서는 지역 또는 집단 별로 소속 농민을 위한 지역특성이 반영된 기후/기상 정보를 개발, 제공하여야 한다. 그리고 최종 사용자가 공식 기상기구에 의해 발표된 기상/기후 예보를 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있는 도구가 제공되어야 한다. 특히 기본이 되는 근간자료를 포함하여 실시간 기상정보도 농민에게 함께 제공되어야 한다. 따라서 이상적인 농업기상정보시스템은 다음과 같은 요소를 포함하여야 한다. 1) 효율적인 자료 관측과 수집 체계, 2) 최신 통신시스템, 3) 표준 자료관리, 가공 및 분석 시스템, 및 4) 첨단 기술정보 배분시스템 등. 향후 인터넷이 농업기상정보 전달과 배분에 있어서 지속적으로 중요한 역할을 수행하겠지만 정보 풍요국과 빈곤국간의 격차는 날로 심화되어 갈 것이다. 그리고 농촌지역은 정보통로의 가장 끝자락을 의미하는데, 앞으로 많은 나라에서 정보통신 수단으로 TV, 라디오, 전화, 신문 및 팩스 등에 의존할 것으로 보이며, 정보와 배분 수단 확충에 필요한 가용 인적 및 경제적 자원에 따라 국가 간에 그 달성 여하에 차이가 있을 것이다. 이러한 차이점들은 농업기상 정보배분시스템 구축설계시에 반드시 고려되어야 한다. 과거 경험에 따르면, 사용자 요구에 적극 부응하는 정보들에 대한 손쉬운 접근을 통해서 기후정보의 활용이 근원적으로 증대한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 지리정보시스템과 원격탐사정보의 농업기상분야 적용도 향후 그 전망이 매우 밝은 분야라고 생각된다. 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 유방병소를 수술전에 위치결정하는 방법은 그 수기가 간단하고도 안전하며 병소를 정확히 지시해 줌으로써 수술적 생검에 큰 도움을 주었고 그럼으로써 정상유방조직의 절제를 최소화하여 수술 후에 오는 유방의 외형상 변형을 최소화할 수 있었다. The blood pressure was dropped to 80/60 mmHg, but pulse rate was normal. She did not complain of dyspnea, and cyanosis was not developed. The urine volume was normally maintained. She was treated for pulmonary edema, which was completely absorbed after 20 hours. And the blood pressure was also normalized. We has experienced a case of pulmonary edema developed after intraarterial injection of the iodinated contrast medium without underlying cardiac, renal and hepatic problems, and reviewed the literatures on mechani 는 of pulmonary edema caused by intravascular injection of the iodinated contrast materials.석

• 직업교육연구
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.131-153
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• 2016

NCS의 성공은 직업능력개발훈련 기관인증평가자의 역할과 역량에 달려 있다. 이 연구는 NCS기반 직업능력개발훈련 기관인증을 위한 평가자의 역할과 역량을 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 델파이 기법을 적용하여 평가자의 구체적 역할을 다각적으로 탐색하고, 필요한 지식과 기술, 태도 그리고 특성을 도출하여 그 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 교육훈련 전문가와 심사평가 전문가를 패널로 선정하여 3차에 걸친 델파이 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 평가자의 역할은 총 8개로 운영자, 조정 중재자, 협력자, 분석가, 검증가, 기관평가자, 기관컨설턴트, 학습자로 분류되었고, 각 역할에 따른 역량은 총 25개로 도출되었다. 지식 영역은 HRD 지식, NCS 지식, 직업능력개발훈련 지식, 훈련기관인증평가 지식의 총 4개의 역량이 포함되었다. 기술 영역은 갈등관리 능력, 대인관계 능력, 문서작성 능력, 문제해결 능력, 분석 능력, 사전준비 능력, 시간관리 능력, 의사결정 능력, 정보이해 활용 능력, 종합적사고 능력, 직업훈련기관에 대한 이해 능력, 커뮤니케이션 능력, 피드백 능력, 핵심파악 능력의 총 14개의 역량으로 구성되었다. 태도영역은 객관성 및 공정성, 서비스 마인드, 소명의식, 윤리의식, 자기개발, 책임감, 팀워크의 총 7개로 정리됐다. 이 연구의 결과로 도출된 역할과 역량은 평가자가 일정한 요건을 갖추어 공정하고 체계적으로 인증평가할 수 있도록 평가자 대상 교육프로그램을 설계하고 운영하는 데 유용할 것이다. 특히, 평가자의 경험과 역할에 따라 기초교육 및 향상 교육을 실시할 수 있도록 역량별 교육 프로그램을 모듈별로 설계하고, 지속적으로 평가자의 품질을 관리하는 데 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.107-127
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• 2022

본 연구는 네덜란드의 지역별 혁신 클러스터정책을 통해 네덜란드 경제의 성장동인을 찾고자 한다. 전통적으로 농업과 물류중심의 경제구조를 가진 네덜란드는 1990년대 지역 클러스터를 만들면서 첨단 허브 국가로서 역할을 충실하게 해왔고 작은 나라임에도 세계 수출의 7위를 차지하는 등 혁신국가의 이미지를 만드는데 성공했다. 그 바탕에는 혁신을 위한 체계적인 분석 접근법으로 '지역 혁신 시스템(Rational Innovation System)'의 개념을 도입하고 지역의 특색을 살린 산학연 모델이 가장 큰 요인으로 작용했다. 여기에는 적절한 중앙정부의 혁신 생태계 조성을 위한 정책적 방향 제시와 지역을 중심으로 한 산학연 모델이 크게 작용한 것으로 평가받고 있다. 이런 점을 종합적으로 살펴 볼 때 본고에서는 다음과 같은 시사점을 발견할 수 있다. 첫째, 혁신 클러스터의 활성화이다. 둘째, Top 9을 중심으로 한 신산업육성정책과 미래산업 전략을 활성화하고 있다. 셋째, 산학연 협력을 구체화하고 있다. 넷째, 스타트업의 창업을 육성하고 있다. 이를 종합하면 네덜란드는 2019년 설립된 TechLeap은 네덜란드의 기술 생태계를 정량화하고 가속화하는 데 도움을 주는데 자본, 시장 및 인재에 대한 접근성을 개선하기 위한 프로그램 및 이니셔티브를 통해 기술 기업이 확장할 수 있는 최적의 환경을 조성해 네덜란드를 미래의 기술 선도기업들을 위한 보금자리로 만들기 위해 노력하고 있다. 첨단농업과 물류국가로 알려진 네덜란드는 4차 산업혁명시대를 맞이하여 로테르담을 중심으로 하는 물류의 항구에서 ICT 기술을 기반으로 하는 '지식항구(brainport)'로 확장하고 있다. 네덜란드는 물류 국가에서 산업화에 성공했지만 최근 지역혁신 생태계를 만들기 위한 중앙정부의 비전 제시와 지역의 특화산업을 연계한 산학연 클러스터 모델이 가장 큰 디딤돌 역할을 하고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 네덜란드의 혁신정책은 혁신 클러스터 생태계를 중심으로 지역을 개발하고 일자리 창출과 새로운 산업을 위한 투자를 통해 유럽의 '디지털 관문'으로서 역할에 보다 충실할 것으로 전망된다.