• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1996-2013
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• 2015

This paper considers a scenario that more D2D users exist in the cell, they compete for cellular resources to increase their own data rates, which may cause transmission interference to cellular users (CU) and the unfairness of resource allocation. We design a resource allocation scheme for selfish D2D users assisted by cooperative relay technique which is used to further enhance the users' transmission rates, meanwhile guarantee the QoS requirement of the CUs. Two transmission modes are considered for D2D users: direct transmission mode and cooperative relay transmission mode, both of which reuses the cellular uplink frequency resources. To ensure the fairness of resource distribution, Nash bargaining theory is used to determine the transmission mode and solve the bandwidth allocation problem for D2D users choosing cooperative relay transmission mode, and coalition formation game theory is used to solve the uplink frequency sharing problem between D2D users and CUs through a new defined "Selfish order". Through theoretical analysis, we obtain the closed Nash bargaining solution under CUs' rate constraints, and prove the stability of the formatted coalition. Simulation results show that the proposed resource allocation approach achieves better performance on resource allocation fairness, with only little sacrifice on the system sum rates.

• IE interfaces
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.258-267
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• 2003

Recently, virtual reality technologies have been rapidly developed and realtime virtual simulation methods have been extensively employed for several application areas such as game, sports, manufacturing, military, and so on. A 3D database in realtime virtual simulation plays a key role because it makes users feel reality in virtual space. In a application view of 3D database, a systematic construction approach is required to reduce its construction time and increase its quality. However, many researches have been mostly focused on realtime graphic issues and its key technologies. In virtual simulation of transportation equipments, this paper proposes a systematic construction process of 3D database consisting of four stages as follows: 1) determine the activity space of a equipment, 2) collect data related to 3D database construction, 3) make a 3-dimensional modeling strategy, and 4) generate and evaluate a 3D model. This paper also introduces a new procedure of 3D environment modeling, which summarizes and expands our modeling experiences, to be used as a modeling guide.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.52-57
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• 2015

Virtual Reality makes a virtual environment more realistic and, furthermore, it provides a variety of experiences which we cannot have in reality. A drastic growth of GPU performance and increase of computing capability make virtual environment more realistic than ever. One important element of constructing virtual environment is to animate 3D characters. Many researchers have been studying 3D characters animating and a myriad of methods have been proposed to make them more realistic. In this paper, we discuss the technologies and characteristics of 3D character animation. We believe that realistic characters in Virtual Reality will be applied to various fields: education, film and game industry, business and, particularly, medical area such as telemedicine, virtual surgery, etc.

• Journal of Game and Entertainment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2006

This paper is concerned with the techniques of multitexturing for increasing the image quality of 3D contents in the Internet, where the attributes of objects such as textures are dynamically changed. First we explain the empirical results of implementing the X3D nodes related with the multitexturing in the recent X3D viewers. Next we discuss the directions for developing the next-generation of X3D viewers that satisfy the user requirements and the advanced graphics accelerators.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.706-709
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• 2009

The informatization of Korea is accompanied by the great growth of new strategic export industry, as of mobile phone or semiconductor LCD. Speaking to the situation of mobile phone, Motorola swept over the American domestic market in the beginning of 1990s, digital mobile communication as CDMA developed swiftly in Korea. In 1996, the first year's CDMA users of Samsung were merely one million, nevertheless, the world's sales in the first half of this year is up to 92 million. In this p aper I design 3D application based on J2ME and implement a freely removable 3D object which happened in a 3D scen e by receiving the keyboard response of mobile device with WTK (Wireless ToolKit) simulator. It contains benefits of improvement of relative speed and high-level functionality such as scene graph, keyframe animation, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.2 s.216
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• pp.127-135
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• 2006

This paper suggests guidelines for virtual clothes modeling and draping software suitable for clothes designers. We first analyze Maya Cloth, which is widely used in game and animation fields, and which has been adopted by Pad System as a 3D cloth draping system. We then discuss what functions and procedures would improve Maya Cloth to assist designers in being able to create the clothes they have conceptualized. While Maya Cloth has many good functions and features forvirtual cloth modeling and draping, it treats input 2D patterns as approximat and it creates 3D clothes by considering other factors such as the 3D body model. As a result, it is hard for clothes designers to control the shape of the 3D clothes by changing 2D patterns. Furthermore, Maya Cloth does not handle seamlines satisfactorily. We suggest that the following new features should be added to Maya Cloth : respecting the input 2D patterns, handling seamlines, and controlling the shape of the clothes in 3D space.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.1341-1347
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• 2006

기존의 모바일 게임의 경우에는 간단한 스토리를 갖는 2D 게임이 주종을 이루었다. 그러나 이 논문에서는 PC 에서만 가능하다고 여겨지던 3D 경영 시뮬레이션 게임을 모바일에 접목해 보고자 하였다. 시공간의 제약이 없으며 간편성과 이동성을 가진 모바일 게임의 장점을 살리며 3D 게임의 현실감, 시뮬레이션 게임의 재미를 모두 가질 수 있는 게임을 제작하고자 하였다. 게임의 기본적인 줄거리에는 고구려의 역사적 사건을 넣어서 게임을 하면서 고구려의 역사를 직접 느껴보도록 하였다. 세금의 단위나 정책에 관한 내용은 고구려의 실제 역사적 내용을 따랐으며 게임의 중간 중간에 시행되는 고구려의 정책 결정 과정을 통하여 고구려 왕의 생각과 흐름을 느끼도록 하였다. 게이머는 왕을 보조하는 입장에서 고구려의 정책을 간언할 수 있으며 왕의 정책을 지지할 수도, 반대할 수도 있다. 시간의 변화에 따라 왕도 변화하며 왕족의 계도도 고구려의 수순을 따르며, 왕의 역사적인 주요 정책도 게임을 통하여 자연스럽게 적용된다. 이로써 단순한 도시 경영이 주 테마가 아닌 고구려의 역사적 배경을 자연스럽게 삽입한 게임을 제작함으로써 게임의 사실성을 높였으며 한국적인 그래픽과 음악을 삽입하여 통적인 감각을 살렸다. 전본 논문에서는 3D 경영 시뮬레이션 게임 [한고을]의 전체적인 구성과 본 게임의 알고리즘을 소개하고 있다. 본 게임 개발의 가장 큰 목적은 모바일 기반의 3D게임 개발을 통한 사실적인 게임을 제작하고 탄탄한 스토리를 가진 게임 제작이다. 그러나 역사적인 내용을 사용함으로써 부가적으로 교육적인 효과도 있었다. 이 게임개발을 계기로 하여 급속하게 성장하고 있는 모바일 컨텐츠 시장에서도 컨텐츠의 수가 아닌 질적인 증가가 이루어 졌으면 하는 바램을 가진다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.10b
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• pp.78-80
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• 2005

Haptic interface apparatus is the device which can offer users virtual reality not only by visualization of virtual space but also by force or tactile feedback. In this paper, we designed and fabricated a 2D haptic interface device that can be used for various purposes, and implemented a virtual air-hockey system that users can easily find in game rooms. By suitable modeling and haptic rendering, users can feel the impact and the reaction force with his/her hand holding the handle through 2D haptic interface device when he/she hit an air-hockey puck with the handle. Through the trial demonstration. we observed the reasonable effect of direction and speed of a ball like doing in reality.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.493-504
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• 2020

The objectives of this study was to examine the effect of Interactive Video Game on cognitive information processing the elderly. Sixty elderly were attended in this study. Their ages ranged from 65 to 70, with a mean age of 67.60 years. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: (1) interactive video game group (n=20), (2) aerobic exercise group (n=20), (3) control group (n=20). The experimental design of this study was analyzed using two-way ANOVAs with repeated measures of groups and time. Cognitive function was assessed by neuroelectrical response, and ERP analysis. The results of the study showed that the interactive video game group and aerobic exercise group showed no significant statistical differences in the response time, response accuracy, amplitude and potential of the performance of the exercise in cognitive function and ERP analysis, but improved the interaction video game group and aerobic exercise (walking) group over the control group. It was concluded that long-term aerobic exercise like interactive video game is associated with attenuation of cognitive decline in the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 1979

A sufficient condition for a Stackelberg strategy to coincide with an equilibrium point is presented. Information pattern of a Stackelberg strategy is essentially different from that of an equilibrium solution and therefore the two strategies need not be the same. However, under score restrictions on the cost functions the difference in information patterns between the two strategies can be disregarded so that the two strategies coincide. The result is extended to the case of discrete-time dynamic games.