• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2010

The present study was aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract from Monochoria vaginalis (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg B/W) on acetaminophen (APAP) induced rat hepatic injury. Monochoria vaginalis is a traditional medicinal plant that is commonly used to treat and improve liver conditions in India and other Asian countries. The development of hepatotoxicity induced by APAP is promoted by oxidative stress. APAP treated group significantly (P < 0.01) elevated the serum enzymatic levels like glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase (SALP), total bilirubin and malondialdehyde (MDA), which were restored towards normalization significantly (P < 0.01) thanol extract of yonochoria vagin is (EEMV). In addition, the EEMV significantly (P < 0.01) elevated the decreased level of total protein and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase and reduced glutathione. Apart from these, histopathological changes also showed the protective nature of the EEMV against APAP induced hepatic damage in liver tissues. The activity of EEMV at 500 mg/kg B/W was comparable to the standard drug silymarin (25 mg/kg B/W). In conclusion, these data suggest that the EEMV possess hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2001

Five-month-old a female mongrel puppy weighing 3.5 kg showed no systemic disorder and particular discomfort except abdominal distension at the first visit. On physical examination an irregular abdominal mass was palpated. One month later she was clumsy and uncoordinated. In addition, lethargy and anorexia were appeared. Then she became comatose and died in spite of initial therapy. In radiographic examination enlargement of both sides of kidney was observed. The hematological examination the dog had WBC of 16,250/$\mu$l, RBC of $7.2{\times}10^6$ $\mu$l, PCV of 32%, total protein of 8.0 g/dl, and fibrinogen of 900 mg/dl. In serum chemistry BUN was 87.4 mg/dl and creatinine was 5.1 mg/dl. Urinalysis revealed pH of 5.6, SG of 1.009 and protein of 500 mg/dl. In urine sediment test many RBCs, leukocytes, inflammatory cells and a few epithelial cells were observed. On histopathologic examination the size of right and left kidney were 15 cm, 16 cm in length, 6 cm, 6 cm in widths, respectively. Both sides of kidney were filled with brown-orange fluid and had irregular capsular surface. The cysts of various sizes were located throughout the cortex and medulla. No abnormality was found in any other organs. Histologically, cyst was lined by cuboidal to slightly flattened tubular epithelium and surrounded by mature fibrous connective tissue. Glomeruli, tubule and renal pelvis remained normal between cysts and exfoliated epithelial cells.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.301-303
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• 1997

To elucidate the contents of phytic acid and minerals in rice produced in Korea, samples of 68 verieties of brown rice and 9 varieties of polished rice were analyzed for phytic acid by colorimetric method, and Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn contents by the atomic absorption spectrophytometer. Selenium was measured by fluorometry. Averages of phytic acid content of the 68 brown rice were 12.6 g/kg, whereas that of the 8 polished rice were 1.83 g/kg on dry matter. Averages of Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn contents on the 68 brown rice were 111, 7.4, 1,068 and 19.1 mg/kg, and those of the polished rice were 45.6, 2.1, 250 and 14 mg/kg, respectively. A averge of selenium content of the brown rice was 38.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.250-256
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• 2005

This study was aimed to investigate treatment feasibility of leachate from D landfill that is located in gyr대ungbuk. From the analytical results of leachate, organic and nonbiodegradable matters were contained in high concentration. Thus chemical treatment was introduced to degrade nonbiodegradable matters in pre or post biological process. Two types of Fenton oxidation were adapted in this study. The first one is pre treatment process before biological treatment. The second one is post treatment process after biological treatment. The optimal conditions of both treatment methods were investigated as follows. In case of pre treatment process, the optimal conditions appeared in $Fe^{+2}/H_2O_2$(mmol/mmol): 0.1, $H_2O_2/CODcr$(mg/mg): 27.0, pH: 3 and reaction time: 2hrs. On the other hand, in case of post treatment process, the optimal conditions appeared in $Fe^{2+}$(mmol/mmol): 0.14, $H_2O_2/COD_{cr}$(mg/mg): 57.4, pH: 3 and reaction time: 1.25hrs. In the above optimal conditions, high COD removal was obtained in pre and post treatment process. Also it can expect that Fenton oxidation converted nonbiodegradable matters into biodegradable matters.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.284-290
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• 2005

The ginseng root has been used as a tonic remedy, and its antidiabetic activity has been demonstrated as early as 1920s. Although wild ginseng was anecdotally thought to be superior to cultivated ginseng in terms of pharmacological properties, there have been no prior reports on its improvement of metabolic syndrome. In this study, we figured out whether wild ginseng ethanol extract (WGEE) exerted the preventive effects on high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome as well as treatment effect in ICR mice. In the preventive mode experiment, WGEE at 500 mg/kg significantly inhibited body weight gain $(16\%)$, fasting blood glucose $(37\%)$ and insulin $(37\%)$, triglyceride $(15\%)$, and free fatty acid levels $(32\%)$ when compared to those in high fat diet (HFD) fed control group. WGEE-treated mice at doses of 250 and 500mg/kg improved the insulin resistance index by $55\%\;and\;61\%$ compared to the HFD control group, respectively. In the treatment mode experiment, WGEE also markedly reduced the blood glucose levels (210 mg/dl in control group was lowered to 167 mg/dl).Taken together, WGEE has potential as a preventive and treatment agent for metabolic syndrome and deserves clinical trial in the near future.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.756-762
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• 1994

To investigate the acute toxicity of Elfvingia applanata$(P_{ers})K_{ARST}$, it was extracted with hot water. EA, the aqueous extract from the carpophores of E. applanata, was lyophilized and a dark brownish powder was obtained. The acute toxicity of EA was investigated in ICR mice of both sexes. Five groups of mice were administered orally and intraperitoneally with 375, 750, 1,500, 3,000, 6,000 mg/kg(p.o.) and 312.5, 625, 1,250, 2,500, 5,000 mg/kg (i.p.) of EA Abnormal clinical signs related to EA were not observed and no deaths occurred. $LD_{50}$ values administered orally and intraperitoneally were evaluated to be over 6,000 mg/kg and over 5,000 mg/kg, respectively. Gross finding of necropsy revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to EA. There were no significant changes in body weights, serum biochemical values and histopathological changes compared with control group.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.273-277
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• 1995

Several metabolic modulators on the generation of carbon monoxide (CO)from dichloromethane (DCM) was examined in adult female rats. It has been known that DCM is converted to CO by cytochrome P-450 or to carbon dioxide $(CO_2)$ by glutathione-dependent metabolic reaction. In rats treated with DCM (3 mmol/kg, ip) only, the carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level reached a peak of approximately 10% 2 or 3 hr following the treatment. Disulfiram (300 mg/kg, ip) or allylsulfide (200 mg/kg, po), both known as a selective inhibitior for cytochrome P-450 2E1, blocked the increase in COHb concentratlons almost completely suggesting that the metabolic conversion of DCM to CO is mediated by the activity of this specific type of isozyme. YH439 (125 or 250 mg/kg, po), a potential hepatoprotective agent, decreased the COHb elevation as well indicating that this chemical is a potent inhibitor for 2E1. In rats treated with pyrazine (200 mg/kg, ip) 18 hr prior to DCM the peak COHb concentration was decreased by approximately 3 or 4%. However, pretreatment of rats with pyrazine either 24 or 48 hr before DCM increased the peak COHb concentration significantly compared to the rats treated with DCM only. The results in the present study strongly suggest that the generation of CO from DCM depends on the 2E1 activity and that the pharmacological and/or toxicological action of YH439 or pyrazine in animals or human is associated with its effect on this isozyme.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 1996

The role of cytochrome P-450 2E1 (P450 2E1) in the early phase of alcoholic fatty liver was examined. Female rats were pretreated with either allyl sulfide (200 mg/kg, po), disulfiram (500 mg/kg, po), YH 439 (250 mg/kg, po) or pyrazine (200 mg/kg/day$\times$2 days, ip). Marked changes in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and caboxyhemoglobin (COHb) elevation due to dichloromethane administration were observed in rats treated with one of the P450 2E1 modulators. A single dose of ethanol (6 g/kg, po) increased the hepatic triglyceride contents approximately 2 fold, which was inhibited completely by YH 439 pretreatment. However, the other P450 2E1 modulators failed to alter the ethanol-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation. In vitro hepatic microsomal enzyme activity was determined in 4 week old premature and 12 week old adult rats. Aminopyrine-N demethylation was not different, but p-nitrophenol hydroxylation and p-nitroanisole O-demethylation were significantly higher in premature rats. However, no difference in the triglyceride accumulation induced by an intraperitoneal dose of ethanol (3 g/kg) was noted between premature and adult rats. The results suggest that the P450 2E1 activity dose not play an important role in the induction of acute alcoholic fatty liver.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.247-249
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• 2015

Herpes zoster most commonly occurs in elderly patients, and usually affects sensory neurons. Therefore, its characteristic symptoms are segmental pain, itching, and sensory changes in the affected areas. A 71-yr-old woman experienced painful herpetic rash on the right cervical 2-4 dermatomes for 16 days. Two days after the onset of the rash, she was diagnosed with herpes zoster, and prescribed 250 mg famciclovir three times a day for 7 days, pregabalin 150 mg twice a day, and tramadol 150 mg once a day for 14 days, by a dermatologist. Despite medication, her pain was rated at an intensity of 6/10 on the numeric rating scale. In addition, she complained of severe itching sensation on the affected dermatomes. Superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) was performed at the right C4 level with 15 ml 0.5% lidocaine plus triamcinolone 30 mg. Five days after the procedure, pain and itching completely disappeared. SCPB may be an effective option for the treatment of acute pain and itching arising from herpes zoster, and for the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.19-26
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• 2011

In this research, soil analysis and adsorption were conducted, and compared with the water quality of bank filtration and river in terms of TS, TDS, SS, $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N, $NO_2$-N, Fe, Mn, BOD and $KMnO_4$ consumption for the development of bank filtration in Gimhae city. Analysis of soil showed high levels of Fe (470 mg/kg), Mn (80 mg/kg) and $NH_4$-N (15 mg/kg). Also, adsorption coefficient values (k and 1/n) were 0.00159 and 0.8714, respectively. This implies that the adsorption of the soil depends on organic matter. Water qualitiy of the river and the bank filtration revealed that the concentrations of TS and TDS almost didn't change but the concentration of SS decreased 84% through the bank filtration. $NH_4$-N in the bank filtration was detected more than 1 mg/L which might be due to agricultural activities in the research area. $NO_3$-N was close to the detection limit owing to the removal by the adsorption. $KMnO_4$ consumption and BOD of the river were decreased by the bank filtration 250% and 350%, respectively, while Fe and Mn were significantly increased by the bank filtration.