• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.spc
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• pp.96-102
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• 2008

This study was carried out to examine agronomic characteristics and seed qualities of 827 Korean soybean landraces according to the collecting areas. Agronomic characteristics and seed qualities was examined according to the localities by weather characteristics. Days to flowering was the longest (mean 70.9 days) in the northwest seashore, and the most short in the south inland (mean 63.8 days). Growth days was the longest in the Gyeongbuk inland (mean 136.0 days), and the most short in the mountain-high (mean 132.8 days). The stem height was the most short in the north-west seashore (mean 81.3 cm), and in the south seashore (mean 58.8 cm). The seed weight of 100 seeds was the lightest in the north-west seashore (mean 17.1 g), and the heaviest in the south-west seashore (mean 21.5 g). The crude protein contents was the lowest in the north-west seashore (mean 40.1%), the highest in the south seashore (mean 42.8%), and vice versa in the crude oil. The contents of sucrose and oligo-saccharide was the highest 5.8% and 8.6%, respectively, in the mountain-high, and the lowest 4.8% and 7.6% in the Gyeongbuk inland and south seashore, respectively. Among the iso-flavone contests, the contents of genistein and total was the highest, $635.6\;{\mu}g/g$ and $1258.1\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively, in the mountain inland, and the lowest $319.2\;{\mu}g/g$ and $835.3\;{\mu}g/g$ in the south-west seashore. The contents of glycitein was the highest $124.3\;{\mu}g/g$ in the south seashore.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2007

This study was conducted to introduce phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) gene, resistant to basta which was non-selective herbicide, into balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum A. De. candolle). Seeds were germinated on MS medium, and 10-day-old immature cotyledon explants and 30-day-old leaf explants were cocultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain MP 90 (pBinSyn) on 1/10 MS medium for 48 hours in the dark at $25^{\circ}C$. The cultures were transferred for selection of kanamycin-resistant shoots to the MS medium supplemented with 0.2 $mg/{\ell}$ NAA, 1.0 $mg/{\ell}$ BA, 3% sucrose, 100 $mg/{\ell}$ kanamycin, 500 $mg/{\ell}$ carbenicillin. Shoots were obtained from 10-day-old immature cotyledon explants after 4 weeks of culture. The shoots were subcultured twice every 4 weeks on the same medium for growth of transgenic shoots. Successful transformation was confirmed by histochemical GUS assay, PCR analysis, RT-PCR analysis, 10 $mg/{\ell}$ phosphinothricin treatment and 0.3% basta spray. The basta-resistant transgenic plants flowered normally.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1989

To find the nutritive values of the edible bamboo shoot (Playllostachys edulis) produced in Korea, the component analysis was conducted using the fresh and canned bamboo shoot. As the principal component ; water, protein, lipid, sucrose, ash, cellulose and calorie content were measured in fresh bamboo shoot and canned bamboo shoot. Also the content of minerals ; K, P, Ca, Fe and Vitamins were analysed and compared between fresh and canned bamboo shoot. The contents of component were devided into upper, middle and bottom bamboo parts. The contents of protein, lipid, ash, cellulose and calories of raw bamboo shoot were higher than those of canned shoot. Generally, the components of bamboo shoot produced in Korea were not significantly different to those of Ueda's results in Japan. But the contents of lipid, calcium and potassium were higher in Korean bamboo shoot.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1527-1527
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• 2001

Glucose, fructose and sucrose being the main sugars that can be found in natural fruit juice. Many instrumental methods, such as GC, LC, electrochemical or spectrometric methods provide information about both the total content of sugars and the specific concentration of each carbohydrate[1]. The simplicity of sample handling and measurement in the near IR(NIR) wavelength region, which allows the use of long pathlength, optical glass cells and optical fibers, makes NIR a good alternative for sugar determination [2]. In the present study, six varieties of persian grapes were harvested at intervals through august to october and analysed for sugars by NIR. The results were processed by principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Sample juice was prepared by squeezing through gauze from crashed grape. This solution was treated by zinc ferrocyanide prior to analysis in order to eliminate colored compounds and all optically active nonsugar substances. For glucose and fructose the most characteristic wavelengths were 1456nm corresponding to the first harmonic O-H stretching and the second at 2062nm corresponding to O-H stretching and deformation; secondary characteristic combination bands were also seen at 2265 nm (O-H and C-C stretching) and at 2240 nm (C-H and C-C stretching). However these spectra were taken over a wavelength range from 1100-2500nm at room temperature of 25-$30^{\circ}C$. To test the accuracy of the described procedure, samples of six varieties of grape were analysed by the proposed NIR and a standard method[2]. Good agreement were found between these two sets of the results. To perform the recovery studies , samples of grape juices previously analysed by the proposed method, were spiked with known amounts of each individual sugars and then analysed again. Relative standard deviations varied from 1.4 to 1.8% for six independent measurements of individual and total sugar concentration. In the analysis of real and synthetic samples, precise and accurate results were obtained , providing accuracy errors lower than 1.9% in all cases. Average recoveries of ${97}{\pm}{4%}$ for total sugar and between ${95}{\pm}{5%}$ and ${99}{\pm}{2%}$ for sing1e sugars demonstrate the applicability of the methodology developed to the direct analysis of grape Juice.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.348-353
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• 2003

Generally, two different types of fructose polymer are found in nature. One is inulin, whose fructosyl residues are linked mainly by a ${\beta}-(2,1)-linkage$, while the other is high-molecular-weight levan, whose fructosyl residues are linked mainly by a ${\beta}-(2,6)-linkage$. In contrast to the extensive studies on the prebiotic properties of inulin, there has been no report on the effect of levan on the large bowel microflora in viva. Therefore, to examine whether dietary levan can be used as a prebiotic, Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed one of two diets for 3 weeks: 1) basal diet plus sucrose; 2) basal diet plus 10% (wt/wt) levan. The cecal bowel mass, cecal and colon short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), pH, and microflora were then compared. The intake of the levan-containing diet significantly increased the total cecal weight and wall weight. The analyses of the SCFAs in the cecal and colonic contents revealed that levan was converted into acetate, butyrate, and lactate, which resulted in acidic conditions. The intake of levan also significantly increased the total number of microorganisms by 5-fold and lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) 30-fold in the feces. Accordingly, the current work shows that levan can be used as a prebiotic for stimulating the growth of LAB in an animal model.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.278-284
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• 2005

An immunosuppressive agent, human cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (hCTLA4), is used for the prevention of graft rejection and treatment of autoimmune diseases. hCTLA4-Ig, a CTLA4-immunoglobulin fusion protein, was produced and secreted from transgenic rice cell suspension cultures using rice a-amylase (RAmy3D) expression system. In this system, hCTLA4-Ig expression was regulated metabolically by sugar starvation. For the purpose of improving hCTLA4-Ig production, the effects of osmotic pressure was investigated in suspension cultures of transgenic rice cells. The highest production level was achieved at 40 mM sorbitol $(140\;mOsm{\cdot}kg^{-1}\;H_2O)$. Using the medium with 8 mM glucose, the level of hCTLA4-Ig in the medium reached 45.3 mg/L. By adjusting the osmotic pressure of induction medium, it was found that the hCTLA4-Ig production could be increased up to 2.1-fold compared with that in batch culture.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.241-251
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• 2002

Modified-live (ML) infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccines have been widely used as a preventive measure in Korea since the first outbreak of ITL. Recently, it has been observed that chickens vaccinated with the commercially available ML ILT vaccine have sometimes exhibited adverse clinical signs. In this study, we evaluated the quality of the vaccines by comparing titer of each vaccine batch and testing the stability of ILT virus (ILTV) in vaccine diluents and compared the safety and efficacy of vaccines in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. The ratio of maximum titer to minimum titer of vaccine produced by most manufacturers was 2 to 15. However, 2 out of 11 manufacturers produced vaccines of which the ratio was 74 to 478. Most vaccines examined were maintained vaccine titers suitable for national regulations within expiry date. However, some vaccines did not keep the titer required for the national regulations. In the test for stability of ILTV in various diluents, ILTV was highly stable in lactose-phosphate-glutamine-gelatin solution, sucrose-phophate-glutamine-albumin solution and some vaccine diluents produced by manufacturers. The safety of ML ILT vaccines was assessed in 10-day-old SPF chicks. Mortality in SPF chicks inoculated intratracheally with one dose of vaccine varied depending on vaccines and some vaccines produced 50-85% mortality. Seven-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated intraocularly with ML ILT vaccines and then challenged intratracheally with ILT challenge virus 14 days after vaccination. The protection rate was assessed by clinical signs and reisolation of the ILT challenge virus from tracheas taken at day 4 after challenge. There were slight respiratory reactions in some vaccinated chickens after vaccination but these reactions disappeared within 5 days after vaccination. No further clinical signs and death were observed. Protection rate determined by clinical signs and mortality was 100% in all vaccinated groups. However, the challenge virus was isolated from all tracheas of chickens vaccinated with vaccine B or control groups. The challenge virus was also isolated in the trachea of one in five chickens vaccinated with either vaccine F or K, but not in tracheas of chickens vaccinated with other vaccines. In the present study, the stability of vaccine diluents, pathogenicity and protection rate based on reisolation test of the challenge virus were different depending on vaccines produced by eleven manufacturers.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 1986

Some factors affecting the protoplast release from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum and regeneration of the protoplast were investigated and the results obtained are summarized as follows; Novozym 234 as a lytic enzyme was the most effective for the protoplast release from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidu m and its optimal concentration was 10mg per ml of osmotic stabilizer. The highest number of protoplasts were released after 3 hours incubation in the reciprocal shaking bath at 120 oscillations a minute. Among six osmotic stabilizers tested, 0.6M sucrose showed the best result. SCM medium showed good mycelial growth and high yields of protoplasts. The protoplasts released from the mycelium of G. lucidum were regenerated at 0.20 to 0.27 percent on MCM, MMM and SCM. Of the cultures obtained from protoplasts regenerated, 13 to 29 percent were monokaryon.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1082-1088
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• 1997

To compare the characteristics between native bee honey (NBH) and foreign bee honey (FBH), NBH harvested from eight different areas of Kangwon, Korea and FBH harvested from Chuncheon, Kangwon, Korea and from other nations were investigated by measuring the contents of moisture, sugar, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), and pollen. Our results showed that contents of moisture in NBH and FBH were $16.4{\sim}23.0%$ and $15.8{\sim}21.0%$, respectively. Sugar contained in bee honey such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and isomaltose were also analyzed. No difference were found between NBH and FBH in pH. The contents of HMF in NBH and FBH were $0.0{\sim}19.2\;mg/kg$ and $0.0{\sim}85.8\;mg/kg$, and was found that NBH is much lower than that in FBH. And production of HMF were accelerated by conditions of storage. Distributions of pollen in NBH were $0.4{\sim}88.3{\times}10^4/g$, which were significantly different from $0.0{\sim}0.4{\times}10^4/g$ obtained from FBH. According to those results, the methods used in this study are not suitable for identification of difference between NBH and FBH.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.156-165
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• 2001

Exogeneous application of pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP), a ribosomal-inacivating protein in the cell wall of Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) protects heterologous plants from viral and fungal infection. A cDNA clone of PAP introduced into Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel by thransformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciences. For plant transformation, explants were precultured on shoot induction medium without kanamycin for 2-5 day, and then they were cocultured with Agrobacterium for 10 minutes. The explants were placed on co culture medium in dark condition, $28^{\circ}C$ for 2days. After explants were washed in MS liquid medium, they were transferred into selection medium including kanamycin 50mg/L (MS salts+1mg/ l BAP+2mg/ l TDZ+0,2mg/ l NAA+MS vitamin+3% sucrose+0.8% agar, pH5.8). From PCR analysis, NPT II band was confirmed in transgenic plant genome and showed resistance against fungi in antifungal activity test. Micro assay to which protein extracted from transgenic line were added, revealed hyphae growth inhibition and no spore germination at high concentration. The characteristics of inhibited hyphae was represented transparent and thin. Expression of PAP in transgenic plants offers the possibility of developing resistance to viral and fungal infection.