• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 1996

The effects of growth regulators, sucrose and gelling agents were investigated to increase the efficiency of the callus growth and plant regenerarion in tissue culture of Angelica koreana Max. The fresh weight and dry weight of subcultured callus was highest in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2,4-D. Callus growth was excellent in 2% sucrose, but it was inhibited in propotion to sucrose content. Effect of gelling agents on callus growth was highest on 1.2% agar and 0.4% Gelrite medium, respectively. The browning of callus was protected on the media supplemented with 10 mg/l ABA and 5 or 10 mg/l $AgNO_3$. In the callus induction and growth from the peduncle of immature inflorescence, 2,4-D was more effective than NAA, and the frequency of callus induction was highest as 81.7% in 2 mg/l 2,4-D. Plant was not regenerated from the callus derived from young leaf. Somatic embryos were developed from the surface of callus drived from the peduncle of immature inflorescence in the medium containing 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D, 1 mg/l kinetin, 5 mg/l ABA and 5 mg/l $AgNO_3$. Plants were developed from the matured somatic embryos in the medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l kinetin.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.675-681
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• 2020

This study describes an efficient and stable droplet vitrification following cryopreservation of strawberry shoot tip (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) accessions 'Massey' and 'MDUS3816'. The shoot tips were precultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium supplemented with sucrose (0.3-0.7M). Precultured explants were osmoprotected with loading solution (LS, C4) containing 17.5% glycerol and 17.5% sucrose for 40 min and exposed to dehydration solution (B1) containing 50% glycerol and 50% sucrose for 40 min at 25oC. Subsequently, the explants were transferred onto droplets containing 2.5 µL PVS3 on sterilized aluminum foils (4 cm× 0.5 cm) prior to direct immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN) for 1 h. The highest regrowth rate (%) in both the cultivars was obtained when the shoot tips were precultured with 0.3M sucrose for 30 h + 0.5M sucrose for 16 h at 25oC. The cryopreserved shoots tips exhibited 57.8 % recovery rate by culturing in NH₄NO₃-free MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 1.0 g/L casein, 1.0mg/L GA₃, and 0.5 mg/L BA for 5 weeks and in MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L GA₃ for 8 weeks. Variation was not observed in both of ploidy analysis and morphological investigation on plantlets of two accessions cryopreserved under variable preculture conditions.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.134-140
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• 1989

Studies were conducted to seek reasonable methods of rapid freezing of mouse embryos using liquid nitrogen. The effects of the cryoprotectants concentration and the substitution of raffinose to sucrose in freezing and dilution medium on mouse embryo survival rates were determined using the FDA-test. The summarized results are as follows : 1. When 0.3M of sucrose was added into the freezing and dilution medium, FDA scores of embryos were 1.48(1.5M), 3.81(3.0M) and 4.10(4.5M). Higher FDA scores of embryos were obtained in 3.0M and 4.5M glycerol concentrations (P<0.05). 2. With the addition of 0.3M raffinose to the freezing and dilution medium, FDA scores of embryos did not significantly differ between glycerol levels ; 3.97(1.5M), 4.11(3.0M) and 3.54(4.5M). Higher scores of embryos existed in 3.0M glycerol concentration. 3. Concentration of sucrose or raffinose in freezing and dilution medium affected FDA scores of embryos. When sucrose concerations of 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0M were added to the freezing medium, FDA scores of embryos were 3.12, 2.38 and 0, respectively. However, when the same concentrations of raffinose were added to freezing medium, the FDA scores were 4.21, 2.91 and 0. In both cases, better FDA scores of embryos were attained in 0.3M of sucrose or raffinose (P<0.01).

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.239-242
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• 2001

The effects of post-cultural addition of liquid medium addition to stimulate in vitro bulblet growth in Lilium oriental hybrid 'Casa Blanca' were investigated. The sections of bulblets with swollen basal plate (7 mm$\times$12 mm) were cultured on medium containing 60 g/L sucrose and 1 g/L activated charcoal for two months in dark, and then, liquid medium was added into the same vessels. The addition of liquid medium stimulated the growth of bulblets remarkably, compared to no addition of liquid medium. The liquid medium supplemented with 120 g/L sucrose and double strength of MS salts were the most effective on the growth of in vitro bulblets.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.374-380
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• 2006

In this study, glucose, sucrose, and dextrin were found to be better carbon sources for the production of pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulans HP-2001. Maximal production of pullulan with 200 g/l sucrose as a carbon source was 54.2 g/l. The highest yield of pullulan from sucrose was 0.40, when the sugar concentration was 100 g/1. Optimal conditions for the continuous production of pullulan by A. pullulans HP-2001 in a 7-1 bioreactor were determined by studying the effects of composition of feed solution, dilution rate, and concentration of sucrose in the feed solution. Pullulan concentration and productivity with 100 g/l glucose and 2.5 g/l yeast extract were 38.1 g/l and 0.53 g/l h for 72 h, respectively, in a batch culture of A. pullulans HP-2001. When the substituted medium contained 100 g/l sucrose, 2.5 g/l yeast extract, and mineral salts, which is the same composition as the medium for the production of pullulan, the pullulan concentration and productivity were 74.9 g/l and 0.55 g/l h for 120 h, respectively. The production of pullulan at the steady state increased with a dilution rate up to 0.015/h, and its concentration was 78.4 g/l with a weight average molecular weight ($M_w$) of $4.0{\times}10^5$. Unlike a batch culture, however, the decline of the $M_w$ and the number average molecular weight ($M_n$) of pullulan was not found in the continuous culture of A. pullulans HP-2001. When the concentration of sucrose in the feed solution was 200 g/l, 113.5 g/l of pullulan was obtained at the steady state. The steady state was maintained longer in the continuous culture fed with the feed solution containing 200 g/l sucrose than when fed with the feed solutions containing either 100 or 150 g/l sucrose.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.705-711
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• 1989

The glass-ceramics was prepared with the scoria(CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system) of the locally occurring volcanic ejecta containing 10-13w/o of (FeO＋Fe2O3) by melting at 140$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours and thermally treated for nucleation and crystallization. The sucrose was added to the scoria to adjust the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio during the melting process. The addition of 1-2w/o of sucrose showed the glass-ceramics body with the finest particle developed and dispersed over the entire range. It is concluded that the impurity content of iron oxide and titanium oxide play the most-influencial effect on the crystallization. When 1-2w/o of sucrose was added to the scoria, the value of Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio was 0.93-1.32 and showed the best result of crystallization. The nucleation temperature and time were calculated by the measurements of exothermic peak temperatures of DTA for quenched and thermally treated glasses. The nucleation temperature of scoria glass without the addition of sucrose was estimated as 75$0^{\circ}C$, but the addition of sucrose by 2w/o showed the nucleation temperature 6$25^{\circ}C$. The nucleation time was calculated with the same DTA curves. The nucleation times estimated were about 150min. for both of glasses without and with sucrose added. Finally, the activation energies for crystallization were calculated with the DTA data. The calculated activation energies were 143 Kcal/mole for the glass without addition of sucrose and 90Kcal/mole, 87Kcal/mole, 85Kcal/mole and 71Kcal/mole for the glasses of 1w/o, 2w/o, 3w/o and 4w/o addition respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.363-367
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• 2004

Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1149 produces various glucoseyltransferases for the synthesis of dextran, levan and glucose-1-phosphate using sucrose as a substrate. A sucrose phosphorylase (1149SPase) was purified from L. mesenteroides NRRL B-1149 culture by using hollow fiber filtration (30 kDa cut off), Toyopearl DEAE 650 M column chromatography and following two times of DEAE-Sepharose column chromatographies. The specific activity of the purified 1149SPase was 25.7 (U/mg) with $16\%$ yield. The 1149SPase showed a molecular size of 56 kDa on denatured $10\%$ SDS-PAGE. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was MEIQNKAM. The optimum pH and temperature of this enzyme were 6.2~6.5 and 37^{circ}C, respectively. It had an apparent K_{m} of 6.0 mM and K_{cat} of 1.62/s for sucrose. 1149SPase crystal was formed by hanging drop diffusion technique using 20 mM calcium chloride dihydrate, 100 mM sodium acetate trihydrate pH 4.6 and $30\%$ 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol as vaporizing and reservation solution. The 1149SPase catalyzes transferring of glucose from isomaltose or sucrose to salicin and salicyl alcohol by disproportionation reaction or acceptor reaction and synthesized two acceptor products, respectively.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.273-280
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• 2023

Background: Intraoral local anesthesia is essential for delivering dental care; however, injection of this local anesthetic is perceived as the most painful and distressing agent for children, parents, and healthcare providers. Reducing pain as much as possible is essential to ensure smooth subsequent treatment procedures, especially in pediatric dentistry. In clinical practice, oral sucrose administration has been reported to decrease the pain during heel lance and cold pressor tests in neonates and children. This study aimed to determine whether the prior administration of a 30% sucrose solution reduced the pain related to inferior alveolar nerve block in children. Methods: A total of 42 healthy children aged 7-10 years requiring dental treatment of mandibular molars involving inferior alveolar nerve block were recruited. The participants' demographic details were recorded, height and weight were measured, and the anesthetic injection was delivered after receiving the respective intraoral sucrose solution and distilled water by the intervention (group 1) and control (group 2) group participants for 2 min. The subjective pain perceived during injection was measured using an animated emoji scale. The pain scores between the groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The median pain score and range for the intervention and control groups were 4 (2 - 6) and 6 (4 - 8), respectively, and statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed in the intervention group. Age, sex, height, and weight did not influence the analgesic effect of the sucrose solution. Conclusion: Oral administration of sucrose may relieve pain associated with inferior alveolar nerve block in children.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.451-455
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• 2015

An excess application of N fertilizer causes physiological and morphological disorder known as ammonium ($NH_4{^+}$) toxicity in Chinese cabbage and it has been to be an issue for appropriate N fertilizer management. Hence, the pot experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the alleviating effect of the application of the easily decomposable carbohydrate on $NH_4{^+}$ toxicity in Chinese cabbage. Four levels of urea at 0, 160, 320, and $640kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, represented as T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, were applied. In order to evaluate the alleviating effect of the application of the easily decomposable carbohydrate (sucrose) at T3 and T4 where $NH_4{^+}$ toxicity had occurred, five levels of sucrose were applied to meet C/N ratios of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 10, respectively. Our results showed that the $NH_4{^+}$ toxicity was observed at T3 and T4 at 5 days after treatment (DAT). $NH_4{^+}$ toxicity contributed to decrease fresh weight, length of leaves, length of root, and number of leaves significantly (p<0.05). The application of sucrose as a source of mitigating $NH_4{^+}$ toxicity had a good performance at T3 with the alleviating effect as 73 % and reduced in $NH_4{^+}-N$ content in soil at 29 DAT. In the maximum N rate of T4, however, sucrose application recovered it as 32 % only compared to T2 even though the same C/N ratio was treated. Consequently, sucrose as the easily decomposable carbohydrate played crucial role to reduce $NH_4{^+}$ concentration in soil and finally alleviated $NH_4{^+}$ toxicity in plant.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1998

The effects of sucrose concentration and some absorbents on growth and tropane alkaloid production in hairy root cultures of Scopolia parviflora were investigated. The maximum effect on growth and tropane alkaloid production in hairy root clone SP11 was obtained for 1/2 B5 medium containing 5% sucrose. The production pattern of tropane alkaloid in hairy roots was some different from that of rhizome of mother plant, particulary showing high littorine contents, which was not found in ordinary roots. Among absorbents examined, charcoal 0.01% and XAD-II 1% made a slight growth promotion effect, whereas the other concentration of charcoal, XAD-II and absorbents (amberlite and chitosan) showed inhibition or no significant effect. The addition of hydroxyapatite enhanced the production of tropane alkaloids significantly than control cultures.