• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4711-4716
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• 2014

Introduction: Adiponectin (ApN) is a complement C1q-related protein, mainly secreted from adipose tissue, that signals through ApN receptor1 (Adipo-R1) and ApN receptor 2 (Adipo-R2). Low serum ApN concentrations are associated with obesity-related malignancies. However, there are very few studies on any prognostic role of ApN receptors in gastric cancer. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between AdipoR1/R2 expression and early/advanced stage gastric cancer in terms of clinicopathologic characteristics and survival. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients with early and 39 with advanced stage gastric cancer who underwent surgical gastric resection were included in this study. Results: Adipo-R1 expression was low in 2 of the 18 patients with early stage gastric cancer (11.1%), while 4 had low Adipo-R2 expression (22.2%). In those with advanced stage gastric cancer, 7 of 39 had low Adipo-R1 expression (17.9%) and 16 had low Adipo-R2 expression (41%). Adipo-R2 expression was significantly higher (p=0.011) in moderately differentiated tumors when compared to well-differentiated tumors. While there was nearly a statistically significant relationship between TNM stage (T, tumor size; N, regional lymph node; M, whether distant metastases exist) and Adipo-R2 expression (p=0.054), there was no relationship between Adipo-R1/-R2 expression with tumor stage and survival. Conclusion: Adipo-R1/-R2 expression has no prognostic significance of in early/advanced stage gastric cancer.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

This paper focuses on the single stage and multistage performance characteristics of centrifugal mixed flow submersible borewell pump. This study reveals that the performance of single stage pump is higher than that of multistage pumps. The head, input power and efficiency of single stage pump are higher than the per stage head, per stage input power and efficiency of multistage pumps. This study is divided into three parts. In the first part, five prototype pumps were made in single stage and multistage construction and the performance tests were conducted. In the second part, numerical validation has been done for different turbulence models and grid sizes. k-Omega SST model has been selected for the performance simulation and was validated with the performance of the test pump with static pressure tappings. In the third part, single and three stage pump performance were simulated numerically and compared with experimental results. The detailed analysis of pressure and velocity distributions reveals the difference in performance of single and three stage pump, due to non-uniform flow and difference in averaged flow velocities at the subsequent impeller inlets except the 1st stage impeller inlet.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 1974

We have studied the applicability of the principles and inherent advantages of the two-stage dontinuous uclture technique to an enzyme process for the purpose of improving and optimizing the productivity of 3-ketosteroid-delta-1-dehydrogenase. By using a two-stage continuous culture system, the growth st ageand enzyme produdtion stage are separated. In each stage an optimal set of toperaing conditions was determined, and this was tested for feasibility for the period of 10 days. During this period, at least 70％ of the maximum enzyme productivity could be maintained. The important design parameters studied are: (1) optimal specific growth rate in the first stage which corresponds to the maximal cell productivity, (2) the optimal dilution rate in the second stage which in turn determines the size of second stage fermentor and the mean residence time of cells in the second stage, (3) cell concentration in both stages, add (4) the specific enzyme productivity and enzyme productivity of the second stage. In addition, by using two-stage continuous culture system we have been able to reduce or eliminate the effect of catabolite repression due to high medium concentration and the adverse effect of the solvent used to dissolve the inducer. We have found the balance between the opposing effects of induction and repression in the second stage judging from the observation that the enzyme productivity goes through a maximum.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 1983

To evaluate natural history of ovarian dysgerminoma and role of radiation therapy in treatment of ovarian dysgerminoma, retrospective study was carried out in 5 nonirradiated cases and 20 irradiated cases. Conclusions are as follows: 1. Radiation therapy is essential in treatment of ovarian dysgerminoma. 2. Even in stage 1 a, significant recurrence rate is expected in surgery only group. 3. Even in recurrent cases, if adequate radiotherapy is given in stage 1-3, we can predict near complete curability and in stage 4, we can get considerable benefit. 4. Dysgerminoma beyond stage 2 is highly fatal without radiotherapy. 5. Involved field irradiation including whole abdomen and booster RT on bulky tumor area is sufficient in radiotherapy of stage 1, 2, 3, without paraaortic node involvement. Further mediastinal and supraclavicular irradiation is indicated in stage 4 or stage 1, 2, 3, with paraaortic involvement. 6. If bilateral salphingoophorectomy was done. Elective irradiation is recommended in any condition because preservation of ovarian function is not further needed. 7. In cases of small encapsulated stage 1a, We can delay post op. RT under close observation in order to preserve fertility.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1761-1771
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• 2007

시각적 효과를 내기 위해서 혹은 상징적 연출효과를 기대해서이던 간에 무대의상 제작에 있어 인위적 과장은 무대 위의 연출을 돋보이게 하는 중요한 표현 기술 중 하나이다. 본 연구의 목적은 무대의상의 역사를 공연예술사에 나타난 다양한 무대연출의 극적 효과를 보다 잘 표현하기 위한 노력의 결과물이라 보고 특히 제2차 세계대전 이후 유럽에 나타난 연출사조를 무대의상의 소재연출과 제작기술을 통해 이해해보는 것이다. 무대의상을 단순한 장식과 시각적 표현도구로 바라보지 않고 연출의 의도를 극적으로 전달 할 수 있는 표현 도구로 보는 관점은 제2차 세계대전을 기점으로 확연히 드러나므로 본 연구범위는 무대 의상의 위상이 단순한 장식뿐만 아니라 극적표현력까지도 포함하는 제2차 세계대전 이후부터 20세기 말까지 제한하였다. 연구방법은 먼저 무대의상 제작 시 사용되었던 소재의 간단한 사적 고찰을 살펴보고 제2차 세계대전 이후 나타난 유럽의 공연예술 사조를 대표할 수 있는 다섯 개의 무대연출 사조를 심미적, 창조적 기여도를 기준으로 다음과 같이 선별하였다. 1) Jacques Copeau의 단순화된 무대, 2) Bertolt Brecht의 정형화된 무대, 3) Grotowski의 본질적인 무대, 4) Robert Wilson의 측정된 무대 the Master, 5) Philippe $Decoufl\'{e}$의 포스트 드라마틱 무대. 각 사조별 사회문화적 맥락과 활용 가능한 소재의 발전과 무대의상에 미친 영향 그리고 그에 따른 무대의상의 소재연출과 제작기법의 다양화 등을 분석해 보았다. 무대의상은 연출의 의도에 따라 무대미술에서 차지하는 그 중요성이 때론 부각되기도 때론 감소하기도 했음을 알 수 있었는데 그 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) Copeau의 단순화된 무대를 위한 의상:배우의 제스처를 강조하기 위해 의상의 단순성 부자 2) Brecht의 정형화된 무대를 위한 의상: 의상의 인위적 정형성은 배우의 연기와 거의 동등한 중요성으로 인식 3) Grotowski의 본질적 무대: 무대 위 배우의 존재감을 강조하기 위해 의상이 거의 사라짐 4) Robert wilson의 측정된 무대: 무대 미술 구성 요소들(조명, 음향, 소품, 배우, 극본) 중 의상은 구체적 구성 요소 중 하나로서 배우의 몸과 동등하게 격상됨 5) $Decoufl\'{e}$의 포스트 드라마틱 무대: 멀티 테크놀로지 시대에 접어들면서 의상의 다기능성으로 배우의 몸을 대체할 수 있게 됨. 본 연구의 결과 무대의상의 위상이 연출의도를 추론 해 볼 수 있을 정도의 독립적 공연예술 작품으로 인정됨을 알 수 있었으며 무대의상의 위상이 변함에 따라 의상 제작가의 위상 또한 연출자의 의도대로 옷을 만드는 단순한 기술자가 아니라 고도의 지식과 경험을 요하는 만능 예술인으로서의 자질을 갖춰야하는 것으로 점점 바뀌어 가는 사실 또한 알 수 있었다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an exercise intervention program based on stage of exercise using the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Method : A methodological research design was used to develop the exercise intervention program based on stage of exercise using TTM. Result: The exercise intervention program consisted of theoretical background and goals of program, assessment tool for stage of change, and an exercise intervention program based on stage of exercise. Details for the exercise and a glossary are included, Conclusion : The exercise intervention based stage of exercise can apply for DM patients who are in any stages properly.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.309-312
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• 2005

DTM (Diamond Turning Machine) is using for ultra precision manufacturing such as, plastic lens die or aspherical optics. This study is on a design of precision 2-axis stage for DTM. We designed and manufactured a back lash free stage using different weights and measured the positioning accuracy using Interferometer. Also, the 2-D moving accuracy is measured using the high magnification CCD technique. Then, the stage is tested with the machining of spherical and aspherical lens in a DTM with air bearing spindle. It was shown that the back lash free stage is effective for improving the positioning accuracy. Also, positioning control errors in motion control board were able to be found using the proposed stages system.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2003

본 연구는 디자인의 프로세스를 2단계모델과 3단계모델로 구분하고 이들 각 모델의 효율성에 대하여 검증하였다. 2단계모델은 디자이너의 창의적인 마인드를 바탕으로 주관적이고 감각적으로 수행하는 디자인활동을 의미하며 반대로 3단계모델인 경우 객관적이고 논리적인 소비자 중심적자인 활동을 의미한다. 기존 연구에서는 이러한 두 가지 모델에 대하여 상대적으로 어떤 모델이 더 효과적인가에 대하여 의견의 일치를 이루어내지 못하였다. 본 연구에서는 이들 두 모델에 대하여 시장선도전략(market leader strategy)과 시장탐색전략(market seeker strategy)의 개념을 통해 각각의 효율성을 제시하였다 즉, 실증분석을 통해 명성브랜드라면 2단계모델을 바탕으로 한 시장선도전략이 그리고 비명성브랜드인 경우에는 3단계 모델을 바탕으로 한 시장탐색전략이 더 효율적이라는 상황적 입장을 제시하였으며 다만 어떤 상황에서 어떤 모델이 더 효율적인지에 대한 다각적인 검토가 더 필요하다고 제안하고 있다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1980

The author observed the eruption pattern of the mandibular premolars. For this study the author took 406 cases of oblique cephalographs of 6 to 12 year old children. The measurement were with regard to the vertical and horizontal dimensional changes and tooth axis changes to the occlusal plane. The following results were obtained. 1. At stage V the tooth axis of 1st premolar inclined mesially to the occlusal plane, as the tooth erupt toward vertically the angulation changed that at stage X the tooth axis almost right angle to the occlusal plane. 2. The distance from the root apex of premolars to the lower border of mandible were slightly increased to the stage VII, while after stage VII rapid increasing appeared. At stage X the distance of 1st premolar was more longer than 2nd premolar. 3. The distance from the mesial surface of 1st molar to the mesial surface of premolars were decreased slightly to the stage VII, but this distances were decreased rapidly after stage VII. 4. The distance between distal surface of 1st premolar and mesial surface of 2nd premolar was almost constant before stage VIII, at stage IX this distance was little presented because the premolars were contacted.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1993

These experiments were carried out to determine the effect of pregnancy in bisected embryo. The embryos of ICR mouse were microsurgically bisected at morula and blastocyst stage using microsurgical blade attached a micromanipulator. These bisected embryos without zona pellucida were cultured up to blastocyst stage and cell count and diameter of stained blastomere, and transferred pseudopregnant mice. And the development of these bisected embryos was compared with the results of production of young of the corresponding intact embryos or cell stage. When the bisected mouse embryos were cultured in vitro for 20 to 24 hours in morula stage(77.2%) or 3 to 6 hours in blastocyst stage(84.1%), them were developed to the expanded blastocyst stage. There were no significant(P<0.05) differences in the development rate of bisected embryos between in morula and blastocyst stages. The embryo size of blastocyst developed in vitro from bisected embryo was small(P<0.05)than intact embryo. However, the number of blastomeres with bisected embryo (24.7+1.3and 21.5+1.2 respectively) were significantly(P<0.05) reduced, compared with that of intacted embryos(36.3+1.1 and 41.4+1.2 respectively). When compared with the result of pregnancy rate(63.6%) after surgical transfer of bisected morulae, a similar result(65.4%) was obtained with bisected blastocyst stage(P< 0.05). However, production of youngs (38.8%) after transfer of bisected morula, a similar result (38.1%) was obtained with bisected blastocyst stage (P<0.05).