• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2004

The real-time NURBS interpolation method using 2-stage interpolation is studied. The 2-stage interpolation method that compensates for interpolation errors within machine BLU is proposed. The interpolation result was filtered by an Acceleration/Jerk limitation equation. Through this 2-stage interpolation, both the interpolation error condition and the motion kinematics could be satisfied. Using computer simulation in which interpolation results are evaluated by a numerical iteration method, it is shown that the 2-stage interpolation algerian could interpolate target curves precisely with geometric and dynamic contentment. The proposed algorithm was implemented in the CNC simulator system and an experimental un was conducted to identify the real-time adaptation.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.55-70
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with stage of change for drinking cessation among adolescents on the basis of the Transtheoretical Model. Methods: The data was collected from 343 high school students in Kimhae-city, who have experienced any kind of alcohol in their lifetime. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Logistic regression were performed using the SPSS WIN 18. 0 program. Results: The stage of change was as follows: 24.2% in the precontemplation stage, 8.7% in the contemplation stage, 10.8% in the preparation stage, 39.7% in the action stage and 16.6% in maintenance stage. The predictive factors to move from the precontemplation stage to the contemplation/preparation stage were dramatic relief (OR=1.36, 95% CI:1.13-1.63) and self-efficacy (OR=1.05, 95% CI:1.01-1.09). The predictive factors to move from the contemplation/preparation stage to the action/maintenance stage were female (OR=0.50, 95% CI:0.27-0.94), the number of friend who have drunk (OR=0.84, 95% CI:0.77-0.91) and self-efficacy (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.07). Conclusions: To stop adolescent drinking, this study suggests the intervention program needs to be considered the individual's stage of change of drinking. The intervention program to enhance dramatic relief and self-efficacy is needed to adolescents in the precontemplation stage. It is crucial to develop strategies to raise self-efficacy for adolescents in the contemplation/preparation stage, which also respect their gender and peer groups.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2002

C. tropicalis ATCC 20336을 이용하여 높은 수율과 생산성으로 xylitol을 생산하기 위하여 glucose 배지에서 짧은 시간에 고농도로 세포를 배양한 후에 xylose를 첨가하여 xylitol로 전환하는 2단계 유가식 발효공정에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. Cell growth-stage에서의 배지공급 방법으로는 glucose가 모두 고갈된 후에 pH가 5.7 이상으로 올라가는 것을 신호로 glucose를 첨가하는 pH-stat 방법으로 18.5시간 배양에 의하여 67.9 g/L의 세포 농도를 얻었으며, ethanol 생성은 1.0 g/L로 매우 낮았다. Production-stage에서 최적의 초기 xylose 농도는 150 g/L이었으며, 이때에 2 g/L ($NH_4)_2SO_4$, 1 g/L $K_2HPO_4$, 0.2 g/L $MgSO_47H_2$O로 구성된 mineral salt를 2회 첨가에 의하여 xylitol의 생성이 향상되었다 그러나 0.2 vvm에서 1.0 vvm 사이의 통기조건에서는 xylitol의 생산에 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 반면에 production-stage에서 yeast extract를 10 g/L가 되도록 첨가한 경우에 xylitol 수율과 생산성이 큰 폭으로 증가하였다. 즉 xylose 농도가 약 150 g/L이 되도록 232.5 g의 xylose를 2회 첨가한 경우에 배양액의 최종 부피는 1.67 L이 되었고, 이때의 xylitol 농도는 193 g/L이었으며, 수율은 70%이고 생산성은 3.55 g/L.h이었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.247-259
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the application of dark $H_2$ fermentation to two-stage bioprocesses for organic waste treatment and energy production. We reviewed information about the two-stage bioprocesses combining dark $H_2$ fermentation with $CH_4$ fermentation, photo $H_2$ fermentation, microbial fuel cells (MFCs), or microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) by using academic information databases and university libraries. Dark fermentative bacteria use organic waste as the sole source of electrons and energy, converting it into $H_2$. The reactions related to dark $H_2$ fermentation are rapid and do not require sunlight, making them useful for treating organic waste. However, the degradation is not complete and organic acids remain. Thus, dark $H_2$ fermentation should be combined with a post-treatment process, such as $CH_4$ fermentation, photo $H_2$ fermentation, MFCs, or MECs. So far, dark $H_2$ fermentation followed by $CH_4$ fermentation is a promising two-stage bioprocess among them. However, if the problems of manufacturing expenses, operational cost, scale-up, and practical applications will be solved, the two-stage bioprocesses combining dark $H_2$ fermentation with photo $H_2$ fermentation, MFCs, or MECs have also infinite potential in organic waste treatment and energy production. This paper demonstrated the feasibility of two-stage bioprocesses combining dark $H_2$ fermentation as a novel system for organic waste treatment and energy production.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.899-907
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• 1997

원발성 폐암은 최근 들어 급격히 증가되고 있다. 전북대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학 교실에서는 1979년 7월 부터 1996년 6월까지 비소세포성 폐암으로 수술받은 183례를 대상으로 관찰하였다. 성별은 남자 164명, 여자 19명(M:F=8.6:1)이었고, 호발연령군은 50대와 60대로 모두 135례(73.7%)였다. 대부 분의 증상은 호흡기 계통으로 기침 44.8%,흉통 30.1%,호흡곤란 20.8%. 객혈 19.7%, 객담 15.3%,그리고 무 증상이 12.0%였다. 병리 조직학적 분류로 편평상피세포암이 68.9%,선암 19.7%, 기관지 폐포암 2.2%, 선편평상피세포암 1.6%, 대세포암 7.7%였다. 수술방법은 일측 전폐절제술이 75례(41.0%), 폐엽절제술이 77례(42.1%), 이 엽절제술이 24례(13.1%), 구역 및 부분 절제술이 3례(1.6%), 시험개흉술이 4례(2.2%)였으며, 절제율은 97.8%였다. 수술후 합병증은 32.2%에서 발생하였으며, 수술로 인한 조기 사망은 1.6%였다. 병기별 분포는 stage 138.3%, stage II 14.8%, stage IIIa 31.1%, stage IIIb 15.8%였다. 전체 생존율은 1년, 3년, 5년에서 각각 77.8%, 42.7%, 39.5%였으며, 병기별 5년 생존율은 stage 153.0%, stage II 46.5%, stage IIIa 28.2%, stage IIIb 13.8%로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고(p<0.05), 수술방법에 의한 5년 생존율은 폐엽절제술이 45.0%, 일측 전계절제술이 30.3%로 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p<0.05), 종격동 림프절 전이가 있는 N2 환자의 5년 생존율은 11.1%였고 Nl환자는 32.0%로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 조직형별 5년 생존율은 편평상피세포암이 43.1%, 선암이 23.3%, 거대세포암이 30.3%였다(p>0.05).치료법이며 앞으로 장기적인 추적검사가 필요하리라 생각된다.ricuspid valve pouch 19례), 우심실 유출로폐쇄(4례), 아급성심내막염(1례) 및 동반질환을 부가적인 수술적응으로 삼았다. 6. 수술후 관찰결과 사망률은 없었고, 잔존 심실중격결손증도 없었다. 이상의 결과로 경삼첨판륜 절개방법(TATV)은 삼침판맹낭을 가지고 있는 막성주위형 심실중격결손증 (PMVSD) 수술시 좋은 방법이며, 또한 막성주위형 심실중격결손증(PMVSD)에서 수술시 시야를 좋게하고 수술후 삼첨판폐쇄부전에 악영향을 미치지 않는 결과로 안전하고 효과적인 방법으로 사료된다.량치가 뜻하는 의 미는 서로 달랐으며, 암조직내에서 대조조직내보다 CYFRA 21-1 치가 더 낮게 나온 것은 암세포내 에서는 세 포질 성분의 고갈로 인한 것으로 추정되며 암세포의 활동성과는 무관한 것으로 판단된다. EGF-R은 세포벽내에 존재하는 수용체로서 암세포의 증식에 따라 증가하는 양상을 보이며 대조조직보다는 암세포에서 유의한 증가를 보이는 것은 종양 증식과 암표지자로서 의의가 있는 것으로 판단된다.것이 수술 결과를 좋게 하는 방법이라고 사료된다.료의 축적을 통한 신생대동맥근위부 확쏭 진행여부에 주의를 기울여야하겠다.록 mosaic 형태로 외래유전자가 발현되었지만 대조구에서 87.0% (26/30개) 배반포기가 $\beta$-Gal 활력을 보인 반면, G418 처리구에서는 모든 배반포기가 $\beta$-Gal 활력을 보였다 (P<0.05). 그러나 대조구 및 G418 처리구의 ICM colony에서는 영양배엽과 내배엽을 제외한 epiblast에서는 확인되지 않았다. 그러나 이 결과로부터 $\beta$-actin promoter/lacZ gene이 integration되지 않는 것인지 또는 다만 염색 확인이 되지 않는 것인지를 판단할 수는 없다. 이상의 결과는 미세주입후

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2011

저온 해수에너지를 이용한 난방사이클 및 이와 연계할 수 있는 적정 담수화사이클에 대하여 제안 및 해석을 수행하였다. 난방사이클은 기본 증기압축식 사이클을 이용하여 1단 및 2단압축사이클에 대해 해석을 수행하였고, 담수화사이클은 난방사이클과 연계할 수 있도록 설계하여 해석을 수행하였다. 난방사이클의 증발기 열원으로 5이하의 저온 해수열을 이용하였고, 난방수 온도는 60 이상 공급될 수 있도록 해석하였으며, 사이클 작동유체는 R-134a, R-1234 yf, R-600a를 적용하였다. 사이클 해석 결과, 2단압축사이클을 적용할 경우 1단압축사이클에 비해 모든 냉매에서 압축기 소요동력은 약 15.6% 감소하였고, 성능계수는 약 17.6% 향상되었다. 냉동법 담수화 사이클의 경우 R-134a에 대해서 난방수 60 조건일 때, 1단압축 사이클에 비해 2단압축사이클을 적용할 경우 담수 1kg 생산당 에너지가 약 19.8% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2013

This study aims to calculate the $CO_2$ emissions by the properties of construction waste to establish a LCI DB of construction waste generated at the disuse stage. The $CO_2$ emissions from apartment houses was calculated by calculating the energy consumptions by treatment steps to calculate the $CO_2$ emissions by the treatment steps of construction waste. As a result of analyzing the $CO_2$ emissions from a total of 27 complexes, maximum 46,791g-$CO_2/m^2$, minimum 34,893g-$CO_2/m^2$ and average 38,713g-$CO_2/m^2$ were generated, and were varied by the quantity of construction waste in general, but were affected by the transportation distance in case of transportation steps as well. As a result of analyzing the $CO_2$ emissions by the properties of construction waste, average 19,815.50g-$CO_2/m^2$ was generated, the highest, from the example complex at the demolition stage in case of construction wastes, and 1.72g-$CO_2/m^2$ was generated, the lowest, during reclamation. In case of combustible waste, average 11,495.63g-$CO_2/m^2$ was generated, the highest, from the example complex during incineration of wastes, and 21.48g-$CO_2/m^2$ was generated, the lowest, at the waste transportation stage. In case of noncombustible waste, average 522.43g-$CO_2/m^2$ was generated, the highest, from the example complex at the demolition stage, and 1.07g-$CO_2/m^2$ was generated, the lowest, at the transportation stage. In case of other construction wastes, average 645.42g-$CO_2/m^2$ was generated, the highest, from the example complex at the demolition stage, and 47.38g-$CO_2/m^2$ was generated, the lowest, at the middle treatment stage.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.23-42
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• 2001

Recently, knowledge management becomes a core management tool for efficient and effective organizations. However, there are little known researches on measuring knowledge management level. The objective of this paper is to develop a process capability model for knowledge management of an organization. We developed 5 stage process capability model for knowledge management. The 1st stage is the initial stage where no significant knowledge management activity is performed. The 2nd stage is the performed stage where planning and tracking activities are performed on organization level. The 3rd stage is the established, and the 4th stage is the predictable stage where processes and results of knowledge management can be predictable. Final stage is the optimizing stage where knowledge management process is continuously improved at an organizational level. We surveyed 37 korean companies to test the validity of the proposed stage model. Statistical tests show that the developed stage model of knowledge management is valid and sound in general conditions. The result of this study on process capability model can be a solid stepping stone for future works in this area.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2005년도 창립60주년 기념 추계 학술대회
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• pp.106.1-106.1
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• 2005

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2009

Purpose : This study was designed to evaluate the clinical aspect of cysts which arised in the oral and maxillofacial region. Patients and Methods : We reviewed clinical record, radiograph, histopathologic and operative report of 155 patients who had been diagnosed as cysts and treated at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery in Chonnam National University Hospital from January 2003 to December 2008. Gender, age, classifiaction, anatomic distribution, clinical sign and symptoms, treatment, complications and recurrence rate were studied. Results : 1. Among 155 patients, the male patients(64.5%) were more than the female(35.5%). 2. The average age ofthe patients was 37.2 years(ranging from 5 to 79 years). 3. In pathologic classification, radicular cyst and dentigerous cyst were most common cysts, irrespective of 73 cases(48.3%) and 35 cases(23.2%). 4. The frequently involved cystic regions were followed as mandibular molars(38.1%), and maxillary incisors(30.2%). 5. The frequent sequence of clinical symptoms was edema(29.9%), no symptom(18.9%), tenderness(13.9%), pain(11.5%) and abscess(9.4%). 6. The most prevalent treatment was the combination operation, such as cyst enucleation with extraction or endodontic treatment of the causative tooth(76.8%) 7. Among 155 cases, 2 cases that were treated using enucleation method were recurred(1.3%).