• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.51.1-51.1
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• 2013

We present molecular line observations of a small group of Young Stellar Objects (YSOs), L1251C. Observations by Spitzer Space Telescope legacy program "From Molecular Cores to Planet Forming Disks"(c2d; Evans et al. 2003) revealed that there are three YSOs within ~15" in L1251C: IRS1 (Class I), IRS2 (Class II), and IRS3 (Class II). In order to understand the molecular environment around these YSOs, we carried out the KVN single-dish observations in $HCO^+$ J=1-0, $H^{13}CO^+$ J=1-0, $N_2H^+$ J=1-0 and HCN J=1-0. CO J=1-0 was also mapped in L1251C with the TRAO 14m telescope. Integrated intensity maps of high density tracers such as $H^{13}CO^+$ J=1-0, $N_2H^+$ J=1-0 and HCN J=1-0 show similar emission distributions, whose peaks are off from the positions of YSOs. However, $HCO^+$ J=1-0, which is believed to trace both infall and outflow, presents its emission distribution different from those of other molecular transitions. The line profile of $HCO^+$ J=1-0 is superimposed by two velocity (narrow and broad) components. The $HCO^+$ outflow map reveals multiple structures while the CO outflow map elongates mainly along the EW direction. With the KVN single dish, the 22 GHz $H_2O$ maser emission has been also monitored toward L1251C to find variations of the systemic velocity and intensity with time.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2002

Objective: To evaluate whether co-culture of oocytes on vero cell monolayers from Day 0 (Day 0 group) after egg retrieval results in an increase in developmental capacity such as fertilization rate, embryo quality, blastulation and clinical pregnancy rate compared with co-culture of oocytes from Day 1 (Day 1 group). Methods: Sperms were treated with Hams F-10 supplemented with 10% human follicular fluid (hFF). Vero cells for co-culture were prepared in TCM-199 with 10% FBS. Oocytes were co-cultured from Day 0 and fertilized oocytes were co-cultured from Day 1 on vero cell monolayers in DMEM with 10% and 20% hFF, respectively after egg retrieval. On day 1, 2 and 5, fertilization rate and grade of embryos and blastocysts were evaluated. Results (fertilization rate, cleavage rate, grade of embryos and blastocysts and pregnancy rate) were considered statistically significant when p value was less than 0.05 using t-test and $x^2$. Results: In sibling oocytes of same cycles, no differences were found in fertilization rate (94.6 vs. 91.4%), cleavage rates (94.6 vs. 91.4%), embryo grade (on day 2 and 3) and blastulation (65.6 vs. 57.0%) and their grade. In different oocytes of different cycles (patients), no differences were found in fertilization (79.8 vs. 78.3%), cleavage rates (77.7 vs. 76.4%) and blastulation (56.0 vs. 45.3%), but pregnancy rate was higher in the Day 0 group than in the Day 1 group (60.0 vs. 42.9%). Conclusions: This study revealed that the embryonic development capacities were not affected by the different co-culture time in the sibling oocytes of same cycles. Although no statistical significance, because of small size of study, there was a trend for higher pregnancy rates in Day 0 group compared to Day 1 group in different oocytes of different cycles.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 1999

This study was carried out to extract the natural antioxidants from Bovine bile and to investigate their effects on various antioxidant activities. It also characterized the patterns of antioxidants by GC/FID and GC/MS. The antioxidative activities and chemical structure of the antioxidant were elucidated by examining the effects of biological activity and the analysis of GC/MS. The antioxidant materials extracted from bovine bile were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and TLC. It was confirmed that there were effects of antioxidants such as Xanthine Oxidase(XO) and Glutathione-S-Transferase(GSH-T) on antioxidative activities. When they were compared with BHT, bile extracts showed the relative effects of 51.2% on the antioxidant activity, the inhibition effects of 48.3% on XO activity, and the synergism effects of 85.7% on the GSH-T activity. According to the results of investigation at neuron cell of mouse, the rate of cell activity in the treatment of 6mM glutathione was 96%, While it in the treatment of 140mg of bile extract was 78%. Based on the TLC analysis of EtOAc extracts from the Bovine bile, the antioxidant activity appeared at $R_f$ value, 0.72. These results suggested that the antioxidant may be coprostan 3-ol.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.366-375
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• 2023

Background: Ginseng contains three active components: ginsenosides, gintonin, and polysaccharides. After the separation of 1 of the 3 ingredient fractions, other fractions are usually discarded as waste. In this study, we developed a simple and effective method, called the ginpolin protocol, to separate gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF), ginseng polysaccharide fraction (GPF), and crude ginseng saponin fraction (cGSF). Methods: Dried ginseng (1 kg) was extracted using 70% ethanol (EtOH). The extract was water fractionated to obtain a water-insoluble precipitate (GEF). The upper layer after GEF separation was precipitated with 80% EtOH for GPF preparation, and the remaining upper layer was vacuum dried to obtain cGSF. Results: The yields of GEF, GPF, and cGSF were 14.8, 54.2, and 185.3 g, respectively, from 333 g EtOH extract. We quantified the active ingredients of 3 fractions: L-arginine, galacturonic acid, ginsenosides, glucuronic acid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), phosphatidic acid (PA), and polyphenols. The order of the LPA, PA, and polyphenol content was GEF > cGSF > GPF. The order of L-arginine and galacturonic acid was GPF >> GEF = cGSF. Interestingly, GEF contained a high amount of ginsenoside Rb1, whereas cGSF contained more ginsenoside Rg1. GEF and cGSF, but not GPF, induced intracellular [Ca²⁺]_i transient with antiplatelet activity. The order of antioxidant activity was GPF > GEF = cGSF. Immunological activities (related to nitric oxide production, phagocytosis, and IL-6 and TNF-α release) were, in order, GPF > GEF = cGSF. The neuroprotective ability (against reactive oxygen species) order was GEF > cGSP > GPF. Conclusion: We developed a novel ginpolin protocol to isolate 3 fractions in batches and determined that each fraction has distinct biological effects.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.62.2-62.2
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• 2013

It is considered that comets near the ecliptic plane have been injected into inner solar system from Kuiper-belt. Some of them are still active while others are dormant with no detectable tails and comae. These dormant comets have eccentric and/or inclined orbits, which are parameterized by Tisserand parameter TJ<3. In addition, dormant comets can be differentiated from asteroids based on the albedo, because they have low albedo (the geometrical albedos pv<0.1). The conditions of TJ<3 and pv<0.1 have been used as a criteria to discriminate dormant comets from asteroids. However, we must be more careful because there are 'contaminations' from the outer region, i.e. Jovian Trojans (5.05

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.351-354
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• 1990

2, 3-diphenyl-4-cyano-pyrrole-5-thione (4) was either by the reaction of benzoin (1) and cyanothioacetamide (3) followed by cyclization using AcOH/sodium acetate or by refluxing a mixture of benzoin (1) and cyanothioacethamide in pyridine to afford directly 4. Several new pyrrole and pyrazole derivatives were synthesised using 4 as synthon. The structure of the newly synthesised derivatives were based on celemental and spectral data studies. Methylation of the SH group in 4 afforded 5. Reaction of 4 with ethyl bromo acetate afforded (6). Treatment of (5) and (6) with hydrazine hydrate afforded the same pyrazole derivative (10) through the intermediate (9). Treatment of 6 with aniline and phenylhydrazine afforded the pyrrole derivatives 8a, b respectively. Treatment of 6 while dill HCI gave 2, 3-diphenyl-4-cyano-pyrrole-5-one (7). Treatment of 6 with $NH_3$/EtOH afforded the amidic derivatives (11) with treatment of 6 $NH_3$/ heat then acidification it gave the carboxylic derivatives (12).

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-63
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• 2006

This study aims at examining effects of study skills training on elementary school children's self-directed learning ability. To achieve this goal, the following hypotheses were built. Hypothesis 1. There are significant differences in self-directed learning ability between experimental and control groups. Hypothesis 2. There are significant differences in study skills by self-directed learning ability in the experimental group. To test these hypotheses, two classes in the fourth grade were selected from S Elementary School in the city of Busan for experimental and control groups, each of which consisted of 23 children: seven for the advanced group, eight for the intermediate group, and eight for the lower group according to self-directed learning ability. The experimental group participated in twenty sessions of study skills training while the control group went through no treatment. The study skills training program was the reconstruction to meet the requirements of this study in reference to domestic study skills training programs on the basis of the Study Skills Training Program for Elementary School Children in the Higher Grades developed by Byeon and others (2001), The effects of the program was tested by using the Study Skills Test for Elementary School Children in the Higher Grades developed by the educational institute of Busan National University (Bye on et al., 1999) and Lee's (1998) translation of the Self-Directed Learning Preparation Test by Guglielmino (1977) for elementary school children. To analyze the effects of the program, the SPSSWIN (10.0) program was used to carry out ANCOVA on results of pretest and post-test for experimental and control groups, along with repetitive one-way ANOVA to examine differences in results of pretest, post-test, and further test and an individual comparative test (Scheffe) to see differences in means of the three tests. This study obtained the following results. First, there were significant differences in marks for self-directed learning ability between the experimental group participating in study skills training and the control group and the effect was shown to last. Second, in terms of three levels of self-directed learning ability, there was no significant difference between advanced and intermediate groups in the effects on study skills but there were significant differences in the lower group. The results demonstrated that study skills training had a significant effect on their self-directed learning ability. and the study skills training program had a meaningful effect on the lower group.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.1 s.38
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• pp.23-27
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• 1979

Studies on bacterial groups of X. oryzae in Korea has been continued annually since 1975. The present report maintained the result of recent Studies covering on 224 isolates collected front 191 portions of all over the country during the period from 1977 to 1978. The four bacterial groups, I, II, III and V, were found with the ratio of 79, 16, 3 and 3 per-cent, respectively. Variable bacterial groups were found in Chung- nam province while in Jeon- nam province the group II was more pre4valent than group I. Variety-group 'Kimmaze' maintained much more of heterogeneous bacterial groups, and it was significant, especially, on cultivar Milyang $\#23$. Variety-group 'Kogyoku' maintained group II, only while it was possible to isolate group I, II, and III from variety group 'Rantai-emas.' Isolates from Kresek symptom, mostly on Milyang $\#23$, belonged to group I and group II, and their occurring incidence were 20 and 8 out of 28 isolates, respectively. Variability of bacterial group was differed with the location of fields. There were homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, respectively, regardless of host varieties in a given locations.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-184
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• 1990

At infertility clinic, department of Obstetrics and Gynegology, Kyung Hee Medical Hospital, 80 patients who underwent IVF-ET from January to July, 1989 were evaluated for the prediction of endogenous LH Surge and its effects on outcome of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) were compared among LH Surge group without hCG given (N=18), with hCG given (N=5), and no-LH Surge group with hCG given (N=57). LH Surge were occurred in 23(28.7%) out of 80 patients studied. Serum E2 levels on Day-1, Day 0, Day+1, were no significant different among three groups. When basal serum LH/FSH ratio is above 1.0, the possibility of endogenous LH Surge is much higher (56.3% in LH Surge group without hCG given). Serum P4 levels on Day 0 were significantly increased in LH Surge group without hCG given. Cycles which serum P4 level is higher than l.0ng/ml were 70.6% of LH Surge group without hCG given. But there was no significant interrelationship between endogenous LH Surge and serum P4 rising rate as an efficient predictor of the occurrence of endogenous LH Surge in COH for IVF. There was no significant differences in number of follicles, follicular size on Day-1, Day 0, Day+1, and number of oocyte collected per cycle. The oocyte fertilization rate of No-LH surge group with hCG given was significantly higher than LH Surge group without hCG given. There was no significant difference in oocyte cleavage rate among three groups.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2383-2386
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• 2013

Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30), a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated antigen, was earlier shown by our research group to be highly expressed in HCC paracancerous tissues, but have low levels in HCC tissues. In order to detect anti-SMP30 antibody in serum of HCC patients, we established pET30a-SMP30 and pColdIII-SMP30 expression systems in Escherichia coli. However, the expression product was mainly in the form of inclusion bodies. In this research, we used several combinations of chaperones, four molecular chaperone plasmids with pET30a-SMP30 and five molecular chaperone plasmids with pColdIII-SMP30 to increase the amount of soluble protein. Results showed that co-expression of HIS-SMP30 with pTf16, combined with the addition of osmosis-regulator, and a two-step expression resulted in the highest enhancement of solubility. A total of 175 cases of HCC serum were studied by ELISA to detect anti-SMP30 antibody with recombinant SMP30 protein. Some 22 were positive and x2 two-sided tests all showed P>0.05, although it remained unclear whether there was a relationship between positive cases and clinical diagnostic data.