• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.96-110
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of emotional and informational support intervention on role stress and depression of primary family caregivers caring stroke patients and to develop an effective nursing intervention method for them. This study selected the quasi-experiment, based on pre-test and post-test design of non-equivalent control group as a method of study. This study was conducted with 69 primary family caregivers caring stroke patients hospitalized in K and D hospitals in Daegu from August 20 to October 25, 2000. Out of them, 34 were placed in the experimental group, and 35 in the control group. The emotional and informational intervention program was divided into two aspects-emotional support and informational support- and executed three times, using prepared instruments and a guidebook. The intervention program consisted of the 1st intervention for one or one-half hour, the 2nd intervention for 30 minutes in two or three days after the 1st intervention. and the 3rd intervention for 30minutes in another two or three days after the 2nd intervention. Pre-test was carried out just before the 1st intervention, and the post-test was carried out right after the 3rd intervention, in order to collect data. The measuring instrument of role stress used was one that was modified to the role stress instrument of Yang Young-hee(1992) and the stress instrument of Choi Eun-sook (1992). The reliability was Cronbach's $\alpha=.8271$. The measuring instrument of depression used was one that was developed by Beck(1967) and standardized by Han Heung-moo et al(1986). The reliability was Cronbach's $\alpha=.8693$. Data were analyzed with percentage, mean, standard deviation, $x^2-test$, t-test and Paired t-test by using SPSS 9.0 program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Role stress score of the experimental group was revealed to be significantly lower than that of the control group 2. Depression score of the experimental group was revealed to be significantly lower than that of the control group Accordingly, the emotional and informational support intervention can be a way to reduce role stress and depression of primary family caregivers caring stroke patients.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.146-156
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• 2006

Purpose: 1) to construct cohorts according to risk scores calculated with the Gail Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (Gail et al., 1989) (Gail) and the Breast Cancer Risk Appraisal (Lee et al,. 2003) (Lee) 2) to identify the distribution of risk factors and preventive behavior stages between the cohorts 3) to identify abnormal breast conditions in risk cohort. Method: Using convenience sampling, 775 rural women were selected. Risk appraisal was scored using Gail and Lee. Preventive behavior stages for BSE (Breast self examination) and mammography were measured using 4 stages of the Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983). Results: 1) The risk cohort according to Gail was 12.3% (n=95), and Lee, 3.1% (n=24). 2) There were significant differences in the distribution of risk factors (age, family history, age at 1st live birth, age at menarche, number of breast biopsy, history of breast disease, and breast-feeding) between cohorts. 3) There was a significant difference in the distribution of the stage of BSE according to Lee. 4) Six women in the risk group detected masses or nodules and physician consultation and ultrasonography were recommended. Conclusion: On the basis of the constructed cohorts, further longitudinal studies of cohorts are recommended with interventions according to characteristics of cohorts.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.35.2-35.2
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• 2014

Today, it is widely accepted that dense environments tend to accelerate galaxy evolution. However, according to recent studies, the environments where galaxies evolve most considerably are galaxy groups rather than galaxy clusters. In an isolated group, the central host galaxy and its satellites co-evolve and interact with each other; as a result, they tend to have similar properties. Such conformity between host and satellite galaxies are relatively well known in galaxy groups, but it is hardly studied what happens after such galaxy groups merge into a galaxy cluster. Recently, J. H. Lee et al. (2014) have found that the colors of bright galaxies in WHL J085910.0+294957, a galaxy cluster at z = 0.3, show a measurable correlation with the mean colors of faint companions around them, which may be the vestige of infallen groups in the cluster. As a follow-up study, we explore more galaxy clusters, Abell 3659 and Abell 1146 at z ~ 0.1, using deep images obtained from the Magellan (Baade) 6.5-m telescope. Cluster members are selected based on the distributions of color, size and concentration along magnitude and spatial distribution. We investigate the dependence of the mean colors of faint companion galaxies on local environments and the properties of adjacent bright galaxies. After comparing the results with those in J. H. Lee et al. (2014), we discuss the origin of the relationships between bright galaxies and their faint companions based on their dependence on cluster properties.

• Psychiatry investigation
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1188-1202
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• 2018

Objective This study protocol aims to determine, using a rigorous approach in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and non-seasonal major depressive episode (MDE), the characteristics of bright light therapy (BLT) administration (duration, escalation, morning and mid-day exposures) depending on the tolerance (hypomanic symptoms). Methods Patients with BD I or II and treated by a mood stabilizer are eligible. After 1 week of placebo, patients are randomized between either morning or mid-day exposure for 10 weeks of active BLT with glasses using a dose escalation at 7.5, 10, 15, 30 and 45 minutes/day. A further follow-up visit is planned 6 months after inclusion. Patients will be included by cohorts of 3, with at least 3 days of delay between them, and 1 week between cohorts. If none meet a dose limiting toxicity (DLT; i.e hypomanic symptoms), the initiation dose of the next cohort will be increased. If one patient meet a DLT, an additionnal cohort will start at the same dose. If 2 or 3 patients meet a DLT, from the same cohort or from two cohorts at the same dose initiation, the maximum tolerated dose is defined. This dose escalation will also take into account DLTs observed during the intra-subject escalation on previous cohorts, with a "Target Ceiling Dose" defined if 2 DLTs occured at a dose. Discussion Using an innovative and more ergonomic device in the form of glasses, this study aims to better codify the use of BLT in BD to ensure a good initiation and tolerance.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

키워드 검색 가능한 공개키 암호 (PEKS)은 검색어에 대한 프라이버시를 제공하기 위해서 Boneh et. al.에 의해서 처음으로 제안되었다. 검색 가능한 공개키 암호 (PEKS) 기술은 송신자가 수신자의 공개키로 암호화된 메일 메시지를 이메일 서버에 보내고 서버는 암호문과 송신자에 의해서 생성된 암호화된 쿼리를 이용하여 암호화된 메일 메시지와 암호화된 검색어와의 관련성을 얻는 것이 가능하도록 한다. 이러한 메일 시스템에서는 그룹메일과 같이 하나의 암호화된 메일을 다수의 수신자에게 전송하는 경우를 생각할 수 있다. Hwang과 Lee는 이러한 점을 고려하여 다중 수신자환경에서 FEKS 스킴을 제안하였다. 이러한 다수의 수신자의 환경에서는 전송되는 데이터의 사이즈와 서버의 계산량을 줄이는 것이 중요한 이슈이다. 본 논문에서는 서버측의 페어링(Pairing) 계산량을 줄인 좀더 효율적인 다수의 수신자를 고려한 mPEKS 스킴을 제안한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.182-186
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• 2012

Objective: Many studies have demonstrated that hydrosalpinx has a detrimental effect on the outcome of IVF. Treating hydrosalpinges prior to the IVF procedure in women with hydrosalpinges is thought to improve the likelihood of successful IVF outcome. Vaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration of hydrosalpinx fluid (HSF) with injection of the sclerosing agent in situ might be simpler than invasive procedures like salpingectomy. Therefore, we carried out a retrospective study on the effects of ultrasound-guided HSF aspiration and injection of the sclerosing agent of ultrasonically diagnosed hydrosalpinx on IVF outcome. Methods: In our retrospective study, 97 tubal factor infertile female patients that underwent IVF treatment between January 2005 and December 2012 at the Reproductive Medicine Center of CHA Hospital were divided into two study groups. Fifty-six patients underwent interventional ultrasound sclerotherapy (group 1), and the remaining 41 patients received laparoscopic salpingectomy (group 2) before IVF. We compared the IVF outcomes of the two groups. Results: The results showed that ultrasound-guided HSF aspiration and sclerotherapy have IVF outcomes comparable to laparoscopic salpingectomy. Conclusion: Interventional ultrasound guided sclerotherapy before IVF is an effective and less invasive prophylactic intervention alternative to salpingectomy with hydrosalpinx.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.473-477
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• 1994

Second-order rate constants have been measured spectrophotometrically for the nucleophilic substitution reactions of aryl substituted benzenesulfonates $(1,\;X-C_6H_4SO_2-OC_6H_4-Y)$ with aryloxides $(Z-C_6H_4O^{-})$ and ethoxide $(EtO^-)$ in absolute ethanol at $25^{circ}C$. The nucleophilicity of aryloxides increases with increasing electron donating ability of the substituent (Z) on aryloxides, and results in a good Hammett correlation with $\sigma^{-}$ constant. The reactivity of 1 toward aryloxides and ethoxide shows also significant dependence on the electronic nature of the substituent X and Y. Large positive ${\sigma}_{acyl}$ values have been obtained for the reaction of 1 with phenoxide and ethoxide, indicating that the leaving group departure is little advanced at the transition-state of the rate-determining step. This has been further supported from the fact that ${\sigma}^-$ constant gives extremely poor Hammett correlation, while ${\sigma}^0$ does reasonably good correlation for the reaction of 1 with ethoxide. Thus, the present sulfonyl-transfer reaction is proposed to proceed via a ratedetermining attack of nucleophile to the sulfur atom of 1 followed by a fast leaving group departure.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2003

본 연구는 전보(정 등, 2002)에서 제조된 직물유리섬유 강화집성재의 박리 및 수분 흡착특성을 조사해 보기 위해서 실시되었다. 침지 박리시험에서, 3가지 형태의 소재 모두 박리를 나타내지 않았지만, control재를 제외한 모든 형태의 소재는 삶음 박리에서 박리가 발생하였다. 수분흡착시험은 40℃, 상대습도 90% 조건에서 48시간동안 실시하였다. 횡단면 흡습성은 모든 소재에서 다르지 않았다. 유리섬유로 된 소재에서 방사단면과 접선단면은 control재와 비교하여 수분 흡착이 지연되었다. 수분흡착 이방성에서, 유리섬유 함입된 소재는 적은 수분흡착을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2014

국내에 유통되고 있는 국산과 수입산 한약재 11종 116건을 대상으로 잔류이산화황에 대한 모니터링을 수행한 결과 108건(93.1%)은 불검출이었고 6건(5.2%)는 이산화황 허용기준치 30 mg/kg을 초과하였고 2건은 30 mg/kg 미만으로 검출되었다. 116건의 이산화황 평균함량은 $17.6{\pm}144.2mg/kg$이고 최대 검출량은 구기자(1,546.3 mg/kg)이었고 중국산 현호색(66.6%)의 이산화황 검출 빈도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 국내산 한약재는 71건 중 1건(1.4%), 수입산 한약재는 45건 중 7건(15.6%)에서 이산화황이 검출되었고 국내산 1건(36.7 mg/kg)과 수입산 5건(118.1 mg/kg)이 허용기준치를 초과하여 국내산보다 수입산 한약재에 이산화황 잔류량이 많았다. 본 연구를 통해 이산화황 허용기준을 초과하는 부적합율은 다소 낮아지고 있지만 이산화황 허용기준을 초과하는 한약재들 중 일부 한약재에서는 잔류이산화황 함량이 높게 나타났고, 특히 국내산 약재에 비해 수입산 약재는 부적합율이 높게 나왔다. 한약재는 일반적으로 수세 및 가열과정을 거치므로 실제 섭취하는 형태의 탕액에서는 원재료보다 이산화황의 잔류량이 크게 감소하지만 완전히 제거되지는 않으므로 유통되는 한약재의 안전성 확립이 절실히 요구되어진다. 강화된 기준이 정착하여 안전한 한약재가 유통될 수 있도록 수입통관시 특별관리가 요구되며, 보다 적극적인 검사 요주의 품목에 대한 지속적인 잔류이산화황 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2018

본 연구는 여성노인의 허약 상태에 대한 보행 변동성과 체력의 역할을 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구 기관의 지역사회에 거주하는 65세 이상 여성노인 168명(나이 75.07±5.40)을 대상으로 인구사회학적 특성, 신체조성, 보행 변인 및 변동성, 체력, 인지기능, 우울상태를 측정하였다. 그리고 Fried et al.(2001)의 허약진단 지표(체중감소, 정서적 고갈, 신체활동, 보행속도, 악력)를 기준으로 정상, 전-허약, 허약으로 구분하였다. 허약 상태 예측을 위한 보행 변인 및 변동성 그리고 체력의 역할을 검정하기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 나이, 교육수준, 보유한 질병 수, 일상생활수행능력 및 인지기능 점수와 우울점수를 통제 한 후 허약그룹은 정상그룹(OR=1)과 비교하였을 때, 두 다리 지지비율(OR=1.48, 95% CI=0.10-2.21, p=.049) 및 분당 보폭수(OR=2.06, 95%CI=1.20-3.43, p=.009)의 변동성이 통계적으로 높게 나타났으며, 상체근력(OR=0.49, 95%CI=0.31-0.77, p=.002)이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 허약의 예측인자로 나타난 두발 지지비율 및 분당 보폭수의 변동성 그리고 상체근력은 허약 상태를 예측하고 평가하는데 중요한 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.