• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.57-91
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• 2018

Despite the rapid growth of social care, understanding of care is segmental and caring is still marginalizing. The socialization of caring is actually a 'half-socialization' that is the result of injustice surrounding caring. Therefore, it is necessary to approach the problem of caring in terms of justice. In this paper, I discuss the limitations of social justice based on John Rawls 's social contract theory in the discussion of caring justice through feminists'writings on caring ethics. And then applying Nancy Fraser' s three scales of Justice-redistribution, recognition, and representation, the concept of caring justice has been newly constructed. The concept of caring is defined as a unified concept of caring including the aspect of the social rights of the care recipient as well as the labor rights of the care provider. Based on the analysis of care justice, we derive the ideal types of care policy and then evaluate the long-term care policy for the elderly, which is the central axis of Korean care policy. The results of this study are as follows: First, it is necessary to strengthen the labor rights of care providers especially for the socialization of care responsibilities and the proper allocation of social resources. Second, a service delivery system and care culture are needed to ensure the relational autonomy of care-receivers and care-givers for caring ethics and individualization of care. Third, the issue of care should be treated as the central agenda of politics in order to distribute care responsibility democratically and to distribute legitimate resources. This requires a paradigm shift from marginalization of care to mainstreaming of care. Ultimately, we should aim for a Caring Society.

• Ocean policy research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.83-119
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• 2018

Under the Korean Marine Environment Management Act (hereunder, the KMEMA), the duty to arrange spill clean-up equipments, including spill clean-up vessels, required by the article 67 of the KMEMA is in essence the provision of public goods since it is a precautionary or preventive measure for the efficient performance of oil spill cleaning up. Also the obligation to control marine pollution and the duty to arrange of anti-pollution measures imposed on polluters is the obligation imposed by the public law in accordance with "the Polluter-Pays Principle". Therefore, the execution of such obligations shall be accompanied by the minimum legal and institutional arrangements. On the other hand, judging whether to form the roles of the public and private sectors in providing public goods is basically a matter of policy decision. However, even if the private sector is allowed to participate in the provision of public goods, it is imperative that a minimum requirement be provided to secure the public interest. Although major countries allows polluters to conclude a preliminary contract with a civil anti-pollution management company, these civilian institutions are in principle constituted by the owners of oil storage facilities. Additionally it is worth noting that it operates as a non-profit organization. In particular, if the practitioner performs pollution control for commercial purposes, their profitability may depend on the size of the pollution, the period spent on pollution control, the size of the equipment and manpower mobilized in the pollution control, and so on. Considering the above problems, caution should be taken to allow marine environmental management companies to be un-limitedly entrusted with the responsibility of arranging measures such as pollution control. In order to allow the marine environmental management contractor to be entrusted for the assignment of duty to protect the marine environment, the marine environment management business should be expanded so that the marine pollutant management capacity satisfies the statutory control capacity. For this purpose, it is necessary to manage and supervise the maintenance and improvement of the control capability of the marine environment management business. It is also necessary to discuss the introduction of the grading system for the control ability of the civil control companies alike in major countries.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.19-37
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the changes in school/corporate authorities participation after overseas training in Germany and Switzerland. According to this study, the satisfaction with program contents and help for the operation of apprenticeship education was very high. Even though the satisfaction with each type of apprenticeship education institutes did not show differences in accordance with participants' age, there were statistically significant differences in the satisfaction in accordance with work area and position, so that it would be necessary to reflect the results of analysis on the selection of institutes to visit in the future. Regarding the changes in the perception of operation of apprenticeship school in accordance with school/corporate authorities' participation in overseas training, school authorities' perception of the whole areas was improved after training than before training like understanding, planning, practice, and evaluation of apprenticeship education while corporate authorities' perception was not. As corporate authorities also understood the necessity of overseas training for the operation of apprenticeship education, however, in order to increase the effects of overseas training in the future, it would be necessary to provide lots of information to help the understanding of apprenticeship education through preliminary training or regular council and council of each project group. Because of the huge differences in socio-cultural conditions in the practice of apprenticeship education between Korea and two countries such as Germany and Switzerland, it would be needed to operate overseas training that could draw the improvement measures within the system of Korea instead of simple comparative analysis.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2019

A major predictor of the efficacy of natural or synthetic cannabinoids is their binding affinity to the cannabinoid type I receptor ($CB_1$) in the central nervous system, as the main psychological effects of cannabinoids are achieved via binding to this receptor. Conventionally, receptor binding assays have been performed using isotopes, which are inconvenient owing to the effects of radioactivity. In the present study, the binding affinities of five cannabinoids for purified $CB_1$ were measured using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique as a putative non-isotopic receptor binding assay. Results were compared with those of a radio-isotope-labeled receptor binding assay. The representative natural cannabinoid ${\Delta}^9$-tetrahydrocannabinol and four synthetic cannabinoids, JWH-015, JWH-210, RCS-4, and JWH-250, were assessed using both the SPR biosensor assay and the conventional isotopic receptor binding assay. The binding affinities of the test substances to $CB_1$ were determined to be (from highest to lowest) $9.52{\times}10^{-3}M$ (JWH-210), $6.54{\times}10^{-12}M$ (JWH-250), $1.56{\times}10^{-11}M$ (${\Delta}^9$-tetrahydrocannabinol), $2.75{\times}10^{-11}M$ (RCS-4), and $6.80{\times}10^{-11}M$ (JWH-015) using the non-isotopic method. Using the conventional isotopic receptor binding assay, the same order of affinities was observed. In conclusion, our results support the use of kinetic analysis via SPR in place of the isotopic receptor binding assay. To replace the receptor binding affinity assay with SPR techniques in routine assays, further studies for method validation will be needed in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.4
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• pp.402-411
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop ingrowth estimation equations on Pinus densiflora found in Gangwon Province and in the center of Korean Peninsula, based on the National Forest Inventory (NFI)'s permanent sampling plot data. For this study, identical sampling plots in $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ NFI data were collected in order to identify ingrowth amounts for the last 5 years. Following two-stage approaches in developing the ingrowth estimation equations, the logistic regression model was used in the first stage to estimate the ingrowth probability. In the second stage, regression analysis on sampling plots with ingrowth occurrence was used to estimate the ingrowth amount. A candidate model was finally selected as an optimal model after a verification based on three evaluation statistics which include mean difference (MD), standard deviation of difference (SDD) and standard error of difference (SED). In results, a logistic regression model based on the number of sampling plot which did not result in ingrowth (model VI), was selected for an ingrowth probability estimation equation and exponential function including the species composition (SC) variable was optimal for an ingrowth estimation equation (model VII). The ingrowth estimation equations developed in this study also evaluated the estimation ability in various forest stand conditions, and no particular issue in fitness or applicability was observed.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.107-127
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to suggest measures to support the community-based rehabilitation sports service for health of people with disabilities, which can be applicable to South Korea, by analyzing the rehabilitation sports service support system of Germany and Japan. Through literature review and direct visiting to Japan, the researcher explored such factors as, background of initiating the rehabilitation sports service, concept, range, and subject of theservice, service delivery procedure, and institutions, and finance of the service. The institutional implications are as follows: First, the concept and range of rehabilitation sports are gradually expanding. Initially, the rehabilitation sports started targeting for veterans with disabilities for the purpose of medical rehabilitation in Germany and Japan. As time passes, however, the importance of rehabilitation sports has emphasized, and the subjects have gradually expanded for the purpose of preventing disability or secondary diseases caused by disability. Second, in order to perform rehabilitation sports service, it is essential to have manpower with expertise in medical treatment, welfare, disability, and exercise prescription, likewise Germany and Japan do. Third, Germany and Japan emphasize the assignment of rehabilitation sports instructors in institutions, rather designating specific institutions, which is moving toward the manpower-based rehabilitation sports service, rather place-based service. Fourth, rather having simple medical programs or sports-oriented programs, it would be necessary to have the systematized disease-oriented programs for each type of disability. Lastly, the clients-oriented service delivery process should be established.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.357-363
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• 2019

This study was conducted to develop a stem volume table for Quercus acutissima in Korea by using Kozak's stem taper equation. In total, 2700 tree samples were collected around the country, and growth performance was investigated through compiling data on diameters by stem height and stem analysis. In order to test the stem taper equation's fitness, the fitness index (FI), bias, and mean absolute deviation (MAD) were analyzed. The fitness of the equation was estimated at 97%, bias as 0.017, and MAD turned out to be 1.118, respectively. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant volume difference between the current volume table and the new volume table (p = 0.0008, <0.005). The result indicates that using the new volume table that reflects the actual forest will reduce the loss when assessing wood resources and will improve the accuracy of forest statistics for national and local governments. A stem volume table, the main result of this research, which is utilized in the estimated stem taper equation, will provide growth information for Quercus acutissima, one of the main broadleaf species in Korea, and will function as a management indicator for rational forest management.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.240-251
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• 2019

This study examined the manufacturing technology used for the flat iron axes excavated from Ulsan Hadae. Their microstructures were analyzed using metallurgical methods. In addition, a variety of manufacturing technologies were examined and compared using existing research materials on flat iron axes. As a result of analyzing ten flat iron axes, which were excavated in the order that they were laid out in a row in one of the wooden coffin tombs at Ulsan Hadae, Tomb No. 44, it was possible to classify the flat iron axe manufacturing technology and system into three types: 'pure iron - shape processing', 'pure iron - shape processing - carburizing', and 'pure iron - shape processing - carburizing - decarburizing.' All of the flat iron axes were produced by forging, and most of them were made by beating the pure iron into their shapes. In particular, a number of the flat iron axes were reinforced through a carburizing process after shaping the iron. This appears as steel products forming the basis of the steel industry at the time were commonly used as an intermediary material or currency. On the other hand, it was commonly found in all samples that the hardening was not performed after shaping or carburizing. Since the microstructure of the flat iron axes made of pure iron contained a large number of impure inclusions and the result of analyzing the components of the non-metal inclusions showed characteristics of slag which contains a mixture of glass phase and wustite, it is possible that low-temperature reduction was used in the refining process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.55-69
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• 2018

As disaster risk and climate change volatility increase, there are more efforts to adapt to disasters such as forest fires, floods, and landslides. Most of the research, however, is about influence of human activities on disaster and there is few research on disaster adaptation for species. Previous studies focusing on biodiversity in selecting conservation areas have not addressed threats of disaster in the habitats for species. The natural disasters sometimes play role of drivers of ecological successions in the long run, but they might cause serious problems for the conservation of vulnerable species which are endangered. The purpose of this study is to determine whether soil loss (SL) is effective in selecting habitat management areas for amphibians and reptiles. RUSLE model was used to calculate soil loss (SL) and the distribution of each species (SD) was computed with MaxEnt model to find out the biodiversity index. In order to select the habitat management area, we estimated the different results depending if value of soil loss was applied or not by using MARXAN, a conservation priority selection tool. With using MARXAN, conservation goals can be achieved according to the scenario objectives, and the study has been made to meet the minimum habitat area. Finally, the results are expressed in two; 1) the result of soil loss and biodiversity with MATRIX method and 2) the result of regional difference calculated with MARXAN conservation prioritization considering soil loss. The first result indicates that the area with high soil loss and low species diversity have lower conservation values and thus can be managed as natural disturbances. In the area where soil loss is high and species diversity is also high, it becomes where a disaster mitigation action should be taken for the species. According to the conservation priorities of the second result, higher effectiveness of conservation was obtained with fewer area when it considered SL in addition to SD, compared to when considered only biodiversity. When the SL was not taken into consideration, forest area with high distribution of species were important, but when SL considered, the agricultural area or downstream of the river were represented to be a major part of habitats. If more species data or disaster parameters other than soil loss are added as variables later, it could contribute as a reference material for decision-making to achieve various purposes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.474-484
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• 2019

In this age, where the social environment is changing rapidly and unpredictably, interest in safety from crime is increasing in Korean society. As the desire to live a life free from the fear of crime increases, interest in the construction of safe cities is also rising nationwide. To meet the national demand, the Korean government is promoting a project to link public disaster safety systems by involving municipalities, 112, 119, and other emergency services and institutions through the Smart City Integrated Platform in order to construct a smart safety net. This study investigates the linking of theSmart City Integrated Platform and theIntelligent Security Project. The results are as follows. 1. The linkage's objective is clear. 2. The system sector can provide information to accident-related organizations. 3. The scenario area can be expanded to a crime-prevention sector, and a long-term urban information integration infrastructure can be created. 4. Product testing is enabled by a smart city road map and through continuous consultation with relevant organizations. 5. Project diffusion to other local governments can be promoted with the continued addition of commercial products.