• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.284-286
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• 1998

• ICROS
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.7-9
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• 1998

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2001

To improve the fishing environment of Alaska pollack fishing ground of the East coast in Korea, lost fishing gear were recovered from June to July 1998, May 1999 and from July to August 1999 in the sea near Goseong, Gangwon province. The lost fishing gear was recovered by grapnel. As the results, the lost fishing gear, which was consist of gill nets and traps, was produced from fishing activities, whereas most of them was the bottom gill nets. The weight of lost fishing gears was gill nets of 1,170 t and traps off 4t. The recovered gill nets decreased 12.02 t per mile from 22.74 t, in 1998 to 10.72 t, in 1999. Recovery rate of lost fishing gear was low as 38% in 1998, 41.9% in 1999 and CPUE was 11.27 t/trial in 1998, 7.48 t/trial in 1999. The recovery of lost fishing gear in fishing ground by using grapnel was considered as a useful method.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.798-814
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to compare menu patterns by sex and age (3-6, 7-12, 13-19, 20-29, 30-49, 50-64, 65 over years old) between the 1998 and 2001 National Health and Nutrition Surveys of Korea. Frequently consumed menu patterns were investigated using the 24-hour recall data for 19,809 subjects (1998:10,102; 2001:9,707). To analyze patterns, dishes were classified into 29 categories by cooking method (KHIDI 2003). The results are as follows: the most frequent menu patterns were "rice+soup+kimchi" and "rice+stew+kimchi" in both men and women in both 1998 and 2001. Intake frequency of these menu patterns, a traditional Korean menu pattern, was higher with increased age. Intake frequency of "noodles" and "bread" increased in 2001 in both men and women, compared to 1998. And these patterns increased in the younger age groups, especially women in their twenties. Menu patterns of 2001 showed greater variety than those of 1998. Overall, the men's menu patterns showed more side dishes than those of women; intake frequencies of "seasoned vegetables", "stir-fried foods", and "grilled foods" were higher in men than in women. In short, so far the main menu pattern has been "rice-style" in both men and women, and in all age groups in Korea, whereas the Western menu pattern is increasing in younger age groups. The diet of 2001 showed more side dishes than that of the 1998 menu pattern; however, certain groups such as female and males in adolescents and young adults were still a simple menu pattern. Consequently, to make recommended menu patterns and nutrition education programs for Koreans should take into consideration sex and age.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.320-326
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• 2005

This study was conducted to estimate dietary choline intake of Koreans according to gender, age and region by using the data on per capita food intake in 1998 and 2001 and the data on choline contents of foods customarily eaten by Koreans. Sixty-four and 97 kinds of food items were used for the estimation of choline intake in 1998 and 2001, respectively. And these corresponded to approximately $90\%$ of the total amount of food intake and energy intake. Based on these food items and choline content, per capita choline intake of Koreans was estimated to be 623.0 mg and 602.4 mg in 1998 and 2001 respectively , 687.2 mg and 659.1 mg in 1998 and 2001 for male, 560.2 mg and 551.0 mg in 1998 and 2001 for female. While the number of foods considered in estimation was higher in 2001 than 1998, choline intake was lower in 2001. The estimated per capita choline intake of male population was higher than that of female population by 108-127 mg, possibly due to the difference in total amount of food intake. The age group with the highest choline intake was different between 2 time points. Although adolescents of 13- 19 years showed the highest intake (712.0 mg) in 1998, mid-aged adults of 30-49 years showed the highest choline intake (662.2 mg) followed by adolescents (645.7 mg) in 2001. In regional comparison, choline intake of the rural population (588.7 mg and 588.3 mg in 1998 and 2001 respectively) was lower than that of population in small to medium-size cities (625.1 mg and 603.9 mg) or in metropolitan cities (637.7 mg and 602.8 mg). This result revealed that per capita choline intake of the Korean population falls within the adequate range with some differences by age, sex and residing area.

• The Optical Journal
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• v.12 no.5 s.69
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• pp.47-53
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• 2000

1998년 일본 내 생산실적은 5조 6,342억엔, 1999년 일본 내 생산실적 6조 4,191억엔으로 성장률 저하 경향이 1998년 경계로 상승 무드로 전환됐다. 인터넷의 폭발적인 신장에 따른 디스플레이 소자의 증산 및 대 화면 제품의 시장 진출, 광전송기기 장치 등의 신장이 크게 기여했다. 2000년은 $17.1\%$ 성장한 7조 5,170억엔이 예측된다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-3
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• 1999

Solar ultraviolet-A (UV-A) irradiances indicent on a horizontal surface at Taegu of Korea during 1995-1998 were calculated with 5 min averages of measurements taken every 30 seconds by a broadband UV- A sensor. The maximum and minimum of monthly averages of daily UV-A dose were 499.37 KJ m-2 day-1 inJuly and 171.09 KJ m--2 day-1 in December for 4 years of the observation period. The maxima of daily UV-A dose and instandaneous UV-A were observed as 846.46KJ m-2 day-1 June 7, 1998 and 37.22 W m-2 at 12 : 15, July 16, 1998, respectively. Increasing trends in annual maxima of daily UV-A dose and instantaneous UV-A were averaged to 6.4% and 6.7% , respectively, per year during 1995-1998 at Taegu, Korea.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.119-130
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• 1998

As a satellite positioning system, GPS is designed to provide the information on three dimensional position, velocity, and time all over the world. The purpose of this paper is to obtain what day has the best accuracy and what time has the best accuracy of measuring of forteen-twenty mimutes for effective using of MAGELLAN G.P.S NAV DLX-10 system. The result of measurement maximum deviation value from November, 1997 to March, 1998 that latitude deviation is 3' .75 and longitude deviation is 2' .1 And the result of measurement maximum deviation value during fourteen minutes of April 29, 1998 that latitude deviation is 3' .75 and longitude deviation is 1' .9. The result of measurement maximum deviation value during twenty minutes of May 6, 1998 that latitude deviation is 4' .75 and longitude deviation is 2' .1 and that is provid 3' .25, 4' .1 to May 13, 1998. So, we expect efficient use of horizontal position for navigation.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.59-78
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• 2001

Data on reported cancer mortality in the Gyeongsangbuk- do province from 1991 to 1998 were collected and analyzed using the existing mortality reporting system as well as the public health network to furnish accurate data on reported cancer death and to collect data to establish a high quality district health plan. The overall crude death rate in Gyeongsangbuk province in 1991 was 74.56 deaths per 100,000-person but this rate increased to 79.22 in 1998. Among the deaths, the overall death rate of cancer was 16.7% in 1991, which increased to 19.3% in 1998; specifically the death rate of men increased from 19.4% in 1991 to 22.3% in 1998 while that of women increased from 12.4% in 1991 to 15.5% in 1998, showing a more increase among women. The types of cancer and associated death rates in 1991 were gastric cancer(41.5%), followed by liver cancer (28.8%), and lung and bronchogenic carcinoma(8.7%) and in 1998, gastric cancer (24.7%), followed by liver cancer(22.7%), lung and bronchogenic carcinoma(19.3%), showing the same order. For men and women, gastric cancer(40.2% and 44.7%, respectively) was the most common cancer death, followed by liver cancer(33.7% and 16.7%, respectively), and lung and bronchogenic carcinoma(10.2% and 5.0%, respectively) in 1991. However, in 1998, gastric cancer(27.8%) was still the most common type among both men and women, followed by liver cancer (18.5%) and lung and bronchogenic carcinoma(12.7%), showing the most decrease in gastric cancer but most increase in lung and bronchogenic carcinoma. The age- adjusted mortality rates by gastric cancer, hepatoma, laryngeal carcinoma were decreased in both male and female, and also uterine cancer was decreased in female. The age- adjusted mortality rates by lung and bronchogenic carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, rectal cancer were increased in both male and female, and also breast cancer was increased in female. The calculated overall age-adjusted death rate based on the 1995 population was 84.25 in 1991, which decreased to 77.67 in 1998. Male death rate decreased significantly from 119.81 in 1991 to 101.82 in 1998 while the female death rate increased from 48.64 in 1991 to 53.80 in 1998. A census of cancer death rate using accurate death records is important for the establishment of proper and high-quality district health and medical plan and policy. The effort to improve the accuracy of death reports using the health facility network, as had been attempted by this study, can be continued. Furthermore, there must be a way for the Health and Welfare Department to use the death reports to improve the present reporting system. Lastly, additional studies need to be conducted to investigate how much the accuracy was improved by the supplemented death reports in this study.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.309-312
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• 2001

It has recently been suggested that the release of "endocrine disrupters (EDs)" into the environment has resulted in adverse health effects on wild life populations and humans (Golden et al., 1998; Tyler et al., 1998; Kang et al., 2000). Human sperm counts have declined significantly throughout the world during the past fifty years, and which is a significant public health concern (Carlsen et al., 1992; Carlsen et al.. 1995). In addition, the EDs persisting in the environment are known to disrupt the normal endocrine systems of wildlife (Colborn, 1995; Crewet al., 1995; Folmer et at, 1996; Sumpter, 1995; Tyler, 1998). Some estrogenic chemicals bind to estrogen receptors (Bolger et al.. 1998), interfere with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid hormone-binding proteins (Danjo, 1997; Milligan et al., 1998). and show immunotoxicity (Sakae et al., 1998). (omitted) (omitted)