• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1994

We propose a robust regression estimator which has both a high breakdown point and a bounded influence function. The main contribution of this article is to present a weight function in the generalized M (GM)-estimator. The weighting schemes which control leverage points only without considering residuals cannot be efficient, since control leverage points only without considering residuals cannot be efficient, since these schemes inevitably downweight some good leverage points. In this paper we propose a weight function which depends both on design points and residuals, so as not to downweight good leverage points. Some motivating illustrations are also given.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.53.2-53.2
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• 2018

We perform seismological diagnostics of the physical parameters in umbral photospheres and G-band bright points. The technique is based on the theory of slow magneto-acoustic waves in a non-isothermally stratified photosphere with uniform vertical magnetic fields. For the seismology of sunspot umbrae, we calculate the weighted frequency of three-minute oscillations observed by SDO/HMI continuum and use it to estimate the Alfvn speed and plasma-beta, which range 7.5-10.5 km/s and 0.65-1.15, respectively. We identify and track bright points in the G-band movie by using a 3D region growing method. Then we apply the seismological diagnostics to the bright points in the Hinode/BFI Blue continuum. We will present the Alfvn speed and plasma-beta in the bright points.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 1988

The initial selection of plants is the decisive step in the ultimate success of any landscape planting. This study intended to establish a reasonable selecting criteria of tree in the landscape through the holistic consideration of aesthetic, functional, cultural, operational and ecological viewpoints. The matrices of evaluating the fitness of tree were modulated to 10 categories ; availability from the established nursery. aesthetic value, indigenous to the locality, maintenance, soil fertility requirement, environmental tolerances. growth rate. wild-life food production. use of plants in design and user's likes. This 10 categories were weighted to their fitness as high(10 points), medium(8 points) and low(5points). Thus suitable plants were identified which got 70 more points from total 100 points. Such a method was believed as a rational process to get trust from client. to persuade uneducated client and to be free from designer's prejudice through a case study. But it is important to landscape designer to recognize the relationship between the rationality which prevails throughout the modern technical world and the intuitive aspects of design that are essential for developing creative solutions to encourage creativity as well as analytical responsibility.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.210-225
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• 2018

Objective : This research is aimed to compare the three sets of Dongin(K-1, K-2, K-3) to Chosun and Chinese acupuncture bronze men, and through literature review of acupuncture points and meridians to see how acupuncture of Chosun affected the Japan's acupuncture bronze men. Methods : Using 3D scanning, we compared the location of acupoints by the proportional bone measurement method of the three sets of Dongin to those of Chosun and China. We also compared the meridians and acupuncture points of the three sets of Dongin to Doningyosodo. Results : Dongin K-1 and K-2 have all the unique characteristics of ChimGuemDongIn. Their heads were made about 30% larger than the location of points by the proportional bone measurement method and their necks were shortened to get the right proportion. Their gender was not specified. Their hands were sticking forward, and knees were slightly bent, and the arms and legs were carefully crafted to record acupuncture points. Dongin K-1 and K-2 marked the meridians and acupuncture points according to Doningyosodo. In particular, BL39 in Dongin K-1 and K-2 has been marked as in ChimGeumDongIn, which is considered to have come from DongUiBoGam. These characteristics do not exist in Chinese acupuncture bronze men. The location of points by the proportional bone measurement method was marked on the right side of the Dongin K-3, while the eight extra meridians were marked on the left side. Conclusions : In summary, Dongin K-1 and K-2 indicate the Japanese history of acupuncture which may have influenced from Chosun.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.470-476
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• 2020

Objective : The objective of this study was to develop a score to predict patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who will not benefit from endovascular treatment (EVT) using computed tomographic angiography (CTA) parameters. Methods : The CTA-ABC score was developed from 3 scales previously described in the literature: the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (0-5 points, 3; 6-10 points, 0), the clot burden score (0-3 points, 1; 4-10 points, 0), and the leptomeningeal Collateral score (0-1 points, 2; 2-3 points, 0). We evaluated the predictive value of CTA parameters associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) or malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) after EVT and developed the score using logistic regression coefficients. The score was then validated. Performance of the score was tested with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Results : The derivation cohort consisted of 115 and the validation cohort consisted of 40 AIS patients. The AUC-ROC was 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-0.99; p<0.001) in the derivation cohort. The proportions of patients with sICH and/or MMCAI in the derivation cohort were 96%, 73%, 6%, and 0% for scores of 6, 5, 1, and 0 points, respectively. In the validation group, the proportions were similar (90%, 100%, 0%, and 0%, respectively) with an AUC-ROC of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.90-1.00; p<0.001). Conclusion : Our CTA-ABC score reliably assessed risk for sICH and/or MMCAI in patients with AIS who underwent EVT. It can support clinical decision-making, especially when the need for EVT is uncertain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.2 s.80
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• pp.47-52
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• 2007

The flash points and the fire points for the m-xylene+n-propionic acid and n-butanol+n-pentanol systems were measured by using Tag open-cup apparatus(AS1M D 1310-86). The experimental flash points of two binary systems were compared with the values calculated by the Raoult's law, Van Laar equation and Wilson equation. The calculated values based on the Raoult's law on m-xylene+n-propionic acid system were found to be better than those based on Van Laar and Wilson equations. The calculated values based on Van Laar equation on n-butanol+n-pentanol system were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law and Wilson equation. The the fire points for the m-xylene+n-propionic acid system were about $7{\sim}8^{\circ}C$ above the flash points. In the case of n-butanol+n-pentanol system, the flash points and the fire points had been found to be identical.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to establish the geodetic control points of GPS in Korea and estimate a measurment ability of GPS for the long baseline. For this, we performed the simultaneous GPS observations at two points in Korea and one point in Japan, and analized the precision of GPS survey according to the data process methods. As the results, three dimensional coordinates of two points in Korea are precisely established on basis of WGS 84 coordinate system and it is demonstrated that the measurement ability of GPS is 0.1 ppm for long baseline. We expect that in the future this result will be used as the basic data for securing the geodetic control points of GPS in Korea.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2007

The aim of this study is to analyze the frequency of the mark points of all examination subjects, the correlation between all examination subjects and the factors to influence pass of the examination. The methodology of this study are as follows.1. The descriptive analysis mark points of the examination subjects. 2. The correlation analysis between the examination subjects. 3. The multiple regression analysis among the examination subjects. Every mark points tend to be changed in wide ranges according to the student's learning ability. On the certificates examination for marine officers, Students in deck part recorded higher in rate of successful applicants, but showed more subject failure than those in engine part. It is especially suggested for the students to improve the teaching and learning skills of the subject. The high correlation subject to total and average points were found in English subject. The high correlation subject was shown between English & Ship handling, Engineering 1&2 and English & Engineering 1,2,3. The most influential subjects to pass the examination were Navigation, English, Engineering 3.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

Objective : This report is written to inform of the 3rd WHO Informal Consultation on Development of International Standard Acupuncture Points Locations, held in Kyoto, Japan, on October 12-14, 2004. Results : Eight experts from China, Japan and Korea, participated in this meeting discussed the locations and the point finding methods of 92 controversial points based on the fundamental principles established through the 1st and 2nd meetings. Through the discussion in this meeting, agreements were made on most of 92 controversial points, but 8 points(LI12, ST31, PC8, PC9, TE18, LR8, GV1, GV26) still need to be researched in the next meetings. Conclusion : A reasonable and practical International Standard of Acupuncture Point Location for acupuncture education, research and practice is expected to be accomplished in the near future.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2022

Objectives Most of the acupuncture or dry needling points for trigger finger were limited around the metacarpophalangeal joint, A1 pulley, and flexor muscle tendon. Thus, this study aimed to report a case of a patient with trigger thumb which improved using dry needling on additional muscle points. Methods The author has investigated why additional points are needed including what its accompanying effects are. Dry needling and electro-dry needling have been conducted based on anatomical structure. Moreover, a follow-up observation was performed twice to evaluate if the effects of this treatment have been maintained. Treatment progress was evaluated using a numeric rating scale (NRS) and Quinnell's classification of trigger finger. Results After 28 days of treatment, NRS and Quinnell's trigger grade decreased significantly without adverse effects. The treatment effect has been maintained until follow-up observation. Conclusions Additional points are recommended for the radical treatment of trigger finger.