• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.476-483
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• 1988

Yeat-Escherichia coli shuttle vectors were constructed by combination of various functional segments such as autonomous replicating sequence (ARS1), centromere region (CEN3), origin of replication of 2 $\mu$m plasmid (2 $\mu$m OR). Transformation efficiency, stability and copy number of constructed vectors were analyzed in yeast strains, SHY4(cir$^+$) containing 2 $\mu$m plasmid and NNY1(cir$^{\circ}$) without it. The results showed that centromere containing plasmids were very stable and existed at one copy per cell; fused replication system (2$\mu$m OR and ARS1) containing Plasmids were more stable and higher copy number than one replicon containing plasmids ; presence of endogenous 2$\mu$m plasmid influenced on stability and copy number of 2 $\mu$m based plasmids.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2002

Effects of the water extract from Kalopanax pictus NAKAI on insulin-like action and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells were investigated. The bark of K. pictus NAKAI was treated with hot water and the extract was freeze-dried. Total extract of K. pictus NAKAI was fractionated into 6 fractions with increasing gradients from 0 to 100% MeOH on Amberlite XDA-4. Treatment of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts with 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ of K. pictus NAKAI total extracts significantly increased the differentiation of the cells. When co-treated with inducers such a dexamethasone, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine and insulin, the differentiation was increased at 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ of total extract, but not at 10 ${\mu}g/ml$. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, glucose uptake was increased by 3.3 times with addition of 0.3 and 3 ${\mu}g/ml$ of Fr. 1 (0-10% MeOH) and Fr. 3 (30% MeOH) at 3 ng/ml insulin. In conclusion, K. pictus NAKAI contains such compounds that play a role of insulin-like action and insulin sensitizer.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.172-179
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• 2002

Determination were performed for the presence of three common environmental endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC), namely nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in rainwater, distilled water, millipore water, groundwater, tap water, and bottle water in market, using OASIS cartrige extraction and GC/MS-SIM. Octylphenol was not detected in any water samples. The order of nonylphenol concentrations were increased in rainwater < millipore water < distilled water < groundwater < tap water < bottle water. The concentration of nonylphenol in bolltle water was $0.44{\mu}g/L$(ppb) at highest. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalates were detected in every water samples, and the concentrations were to be $1.70{\sim}2.92{\mu}g/L$ in rainwater, $8.7{\sim}31.7{\mu}g/L$ in distilled water, $0.6{\sim}5.6{\mu}g/L$(mean: $2.5{\pm}0.3{\mu}g/L$) in millipore water, and that were very stable values than other waters, $1.1{\sim}6.0{\mu}g/L$ in groundwater at near Jeonju, $3.1{\sim}5.8{\mu}g/L$ by means in tap water, $0.5{\sim}67.6{\mu}g/L$ in bottle water from market. The concentration of DEHP in bottle water samples from market were in higher than USEPA regulation at over 40%.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.49-58
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• 2006

The extent and degree of contaminated sediments on lake Paldang were analyzed at 40 sites for organic matters, nutrients and heavy metals. COD, T-N and T-P were fairly correlated with the grain size of sediments, and the sites which were most distributed with sand were less contaminated with the sites covered with silt and clay. Phosphorus species were in the range of 7-58 for adsorbed-P, $13{\sim}411{\mu}g/g$ for NAI-P, $52{\sim}482{\mu}g/g$ for Apatite-P and $75{\sim}894{\mu}g/g$ for residual-P, respectively. Although heavy metals of sediments were detected at the range of $0.2-4.2{\mu}g/g$(Cr), $1.6{\sim}20.7{\mu}g/g$(Cu), 1.4~78.0ng/g(Hg), $2.1{\sim}18.9{\mu}g/g$(Pb), $1.8{\sim}99.5{\mu}g/g$(Zn), further survey over the long period were required for more monitoring data. The release rate of nutrients were found no relationship in this study.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.371-380
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• 2017

In this study, 17 kinds of polyphenols and 5 kinds of anthocyanins were analyzed to compare the contents of polyphenols and anthocyanins in 76 colored agricultural products. A total of 17 polyphenols were analyzed simultaneously by 9 phenolic acids (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, t-ferulic acid, t-cinnamic acid) and 8 flavonoids ((+)catechin, syringic aldehyde, rutin, epicatechin gallate, naringin, luteolin, naringenin, kaempferol) and 5 anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside) were simultaneously analyzed. The total content of 17 polyphenols was determined as seoritae $255.1{\pm}7.5{\mu}g/g$, seomoktae $275.8{\pm}5.3{\mu}g/g$, black rice $78.5{\pm}4.6{\mu}g/g$, black sesame $75.8{\pm}3.2{\mu}g/g$, blueberry $143.3{\pm}5.5{\mu}g/g$, aronia $195.2{\pm}4.9{\mu}g/g$ and blackcurrent $131.6{\pm}3.2{\mu}g/g$, the highest content was found in the order of seomoktae > seoritae > aronia > blueberry > blackcurrant > black rice > black sesame. The total content of 5 anthocyanins was determined as seoritae $82.4{\pm}17.2{\mu}g/g$, seomoktae $95.2{\pm}6.1{\mu}g/g$, black rice $74.1{\pm}9.7{\mu}g/g$, black sesame were not detected, blueberry $110.8{\pm}1.9{\mu}g/g$, aronia $218.9{\pm}6.1{\mu}g/g$ and blackcurrent $209.7{\pm}4.0{\mu}g/g$, the highest content was found in the order of aronia > blackcurrant > blueberry > seomoktae > seoritae > black rice. These results indicated that seomoktae and aronia possessed the high level of functional components and further study will be needed to develop high value-added foods based on the colored agricultural products.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1969

The larvae of the ark shell Anadare broughtoni(Schrenck) were grown at room temporature (approximately $20.4^{\circ}C$), and fed laboratory-cultured Cyclotella nana. The egg of the ark shell produced in the laboratory measured about $54.9\mu$ in diameter. The embryos gradually developed into larvae up to $110.8\mu$ shell length, $83.9\mu$ shell height and with shell breadth of $58.2\mu$ even in the absence of the algal food. Beyond this sire, however, the growth of the larvae was considerably retarded. The larvae showed better growth rate when they were fed the algal food two days after spawning, i. e., early straight-hinge stage. Daily rate of food consumption varies according to the larval sizes. But the rate increases considerably when the larvae begin to form umbos. In general the rate Is indicated by the following formula: $Y=0.0025161\;X^{2.76459}$. The growth experiments of the larvae indicate that the efficiency of food conversion was higher when fed centrifuged food. Regarding to the difference in the slopes of growth curve, centrifuged food showed better growth rate as compared to those grown with the non-centrifuged food. The smaller the larval size, the greater will be the difference in growth. The larvae began settling when they reathed 261.7 to $289.6\;{\mu}$ in shell length, 199.2 to $221.7\mu$ in shell height and 147.6 to $170.8\mu$ in shell breadth. The time which elapsed from spawning to the larval settlement was about 28 days. The mean growth of the larvae is indicated with regression line and exponential curve equations as follows. Regression line shell length. 94.3 to $133.9\mu$ : Y==85.22857+3.35000X 141.6 to $269.3\mu$: Y=10.83036X-36.05357 296.8 to $373.2\mu$ : Y=19.10000X-279.30000 shell height: 72.7 to $89.7\mu$ : Y=67.11429+2.15714X 108.4 to $206.4\mu$ : Y=8.31607X-27.45357 228.6 to $282.1\mu$: Y=173.46700+13.37500X shell breadth: 45.3 to $77.8\mu$ : Y=38.08510X+2.73570X 87.4 to $157.7\mu$: Y=5.77320X-5.99640 175.4 to $214.0\mu$: Y=19.65000X-114.13300 Exponential curve shell length. 94.3 to $373.2\mu$: Y=72.45 $e^{0.04697x}$ shell height: 72.7 to $282.1\mu$: Y=54,96 $e^{0.04720x}$ shell breadth: 45.3 to $214.0\mu$ : Y=39.82 $e^{0.04927x}$ The relationships between the shell length and shell height and between the shell length and shell breadth are indicated as follows- shell height: 72.7 to $98.7\mu$ : Y=12.87780+0.63817X 108.4 to $206.4\mu$ : Y=0.90220+0.76456X 228.6 to $282.1\mu$ : Y=25.02630+0.69156X shell breadth: 45.3 to $77.8\mu$:Y=0.81373Xx-31.18914 87.4 to $157.7\mu$ : Y=13.37549+0.53230X 175.4 to $214.0\mu$: Y=30.24328+0.49545X

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 1989

Let $S_p*({\alpha},{\beta},{\mu})$ denote the class of functions $f(z)=z^p-{\sum}{\limit}^{\infty}_{n=1}a_{p+n}\;z^{p+n}(a_{p+n}{\geq}o,\;p{\in}N)$ analytic and p-valent in the unit disc $U=\{z:{\mid}z{\mid}<1\}$ and satisfy the condition $${\mid}\frac{\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}-p}{\mu\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}+p-(1+\mu)\alpha}\mid<\beta,\;z{\in}U$$, where $o{\leq}{\alpha} and $o\leq\mu\leq1$. Further f(z) is said to belong to the class $C_p*({\alpha},{\beta},{\mu})\;if\;zf'(z)/p{\in}S_p*(\alpha,\beta,\mu)$. In this paper we obtain for these classes sharp results concerning coefficient estimates, disortion theorems, closure theorems, Hadamard products and some distortion theorems for the fractional calculus.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.208-214
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• 1995

In order to study on the penetrations of HF solution acording to the geometrical shrinkage of contact-hole pattern size, the wet etch characteristics for oxide in microchannel patterns was investigated. Microchannel patterns of LPCVD oxide surrounded by nitride film, with dimensions of 0.1~1$\mu\textrm{m}$ height and 0.1~20$\mu\textrm{m}$, width, were fabricated. And the etch rates of oxide in HF solution were observed. It was found that oxide etch rate for micro-channel patterns in HF was not affected by pattern sizes and initial aspect ratios up to $0.1 \times 0.1 \mu \textrm{m}^{2} size and 1.2$\mu\textrm{m}$ depth. Finally, it was concluded that there were no special limitations for penetrations of HF solution in wet processes according to the geometrical shrinkage of contact-hole pattern size.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2003

In order to estimate chornic toxicity of copper in the juvenile oliver flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, experiments were investigated the effects of long term sublethal copper exposure on survival rate, metabolic rate, feed efficiency and growth rate. Oliver flounder were exposed for 6 weeks to four different sublethal copper concentration (50, 80, 180, 320 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$). Survival rate of them significantly affected above 180 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$, and reduced for increase exposure periods and concentrations. Copper exposure to 180 and 320 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$ significantly decreased metabolic rate in olive flounder. Exposure to waterborne copper concentrations as high as 80 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$ resulted in significantly reduced feed efficiency and growth rate. From these results, it could be concluded that the high level of 80 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$ copper concentration in the bottom water would curtail production of the olive flounder in coastal area.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.232-239
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of photoperiod and light intensity of RBW LED (red:blue:white = 2:1:1) on the growth of Taraxacum coreanum Nakai in a fully artificial light type plant factory. 3 photoperiods and 4 light intensity were used respectively in a fully artificial light type plant production system. Plants were cultured with three photoperiods and four light intensity regimes (conditions) for 270 and 120 days, respectively, using nutrient film technique (NFT) or aeroponics culture methods. For each photoperiod, the total leaves per plant harvested 8 times in all cultivation period was 224 in the 16/8(day/light) photoperiod that had no significant difference from 220 in the 12/12 photoperiod and the lowest number of leaves was 151 occurred in the 8/16 photoperiod, which means that the longer photoperiod, the more leaves harvest. Total fresh weight of above ground was the high in order of in 16/8 photoperiod as 125g, 12/12 photoperiod as 91g, 8/16 photoperiod as 56g. For each light intensity, the total leaves per plant harvested 4 times in all cultivation period was the great in order of $150{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ as 123, $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ as 107, $100{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ as 95, $50{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ as 56 which was the smallest number of total leaves harvest. Total fresh weight of above ground per plant was the high in order of $150{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ as 43.6g, $100{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ as 34.6g, $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ as 32.2g, $50{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ as 18.2g. From these results, it was concluded that photoperiod of 16/8 and light intensity at $150{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ can be used as the light condition of RBW LED (red:blue:white = 2:1:1) for optimal growth of Taraxacum coreanum Nakai in a fully artificial light type plant factory.