• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2022

The interaction of planar shock wave with rectangular water column is investigated numerically. The flow phenomenon like reflection, transmission, cavitation, recirculation of shock wave, and large negative pressure due to expansion waves was discussed qualitatively and quantitatively. The numerical simulation was performed in a shock tube with a water column, and planar shock was initiated with a pressure ratio of 10. Three cases of the water column with different thicknesses, namely 0.5D, 1D, and 2D, were installed and studied. Water naturally has a higher acoustic impedance than air and mitigates the shock wave considerably. The numerical simulations were modelled using Eulerian and Volume of fluids multiphase models. The Eulerian model assumes the water as a finite structure and can visualize the shockwave propagation inside the water column. Through the volume of fluids model, the stages of breakup of the water column and mitigation effects of water were addressed. The numerical model was validated against the experimental results. The computational results show that the installation of a water column significantly impacts the mitigation of shock wave.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 2차원 수리-역학적연계 개별요소모델링(DEM)을 사용하여 네델란드 그로닝엔(Groningen) 천연가스전 저류층의 유발지진을 모사하였다. 수치해석 코드는 ITASCA社의 상용프로그램인 PFC2D (Particle Flow Code 2D)를 사용하였으며 본 수치해석 연구에 적용하기 위해 수리-역학적 연계 모델 외 1) 비균질 저류층 압력분포 초기화, 2) 비선형 압력-시간이력 경계조건, 3) 국소 응력 분포 계산 등의 개별모듈을 추가개발, 적용하였다. 그로닝엔 가스전에 분포하는 복잡한 단층 형상을 포함하는 40 × 50 km² 크기의 2차원 모델을 생성하였고, 1960년부터 2020년까지 약 60년 동안의 가스생산, 즉 압 력저하로 인한 단층의 파괴거동을 모사하였다. 유발지진의 시공간적 발생을 수치해석모델로 재현하였고 그 발생 메커니즘을 규명하였다. 또한 저류층 압축으로부터 지표에서의 지반침하의 분포를 예측하였고 그로닝엔에서의 실측자료 사이에 유사성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 본 연구에서 소개한 2차원 수리-역학적연계 개별요소모델링(DEM)의 복잡한 지질조건과 수리-역학적 연계 프로세스에 의한 단층거동을 구현할 수 있는 툴(tool)로서의 활용성을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.3182-3195
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• 2021

The implementation and validation of multi-dimensional (multi-D) features in thermal-hydraulic system codes aims to extend the application of these codes towards multi-scale simulations. The main goal is the simulation of large-scale three-dimensional effects inside large volumes such as piping or vessel. This novel approach becomes especially relevant during the simulation of accidents with strongly asymmetric flow conditions entailing density gradients. Under such conditions, coolant mixing is a key phenomenon on the eventual variation of the coolant temperature and/or boron concentration at the core inlet and on the extent of a local re-criticality based on the reactivity feedback effects. This approach presents several advantages compared to CFD calculations, mainly concerning the model size and computational efforts. However, the range of applicability and accuracy of the newly implemented physical models at this point is still limited and needs to be further extended. This paper aims at contributing to the validation of the multi-D features of the system code ATHLET based on the simulation of the Tests 1.1 and 2.1, conducted at the test facility ROCOM. Overall, the multi-D features of ATHLET predict reasonably well the evolution from both experiments, despite an observed overprediction of coolant mixing at the vessel during both experiments.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.442-449
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• 1984

본 연구에서는 두 분류가 교우되어 배합이 이루어지는 유동역에서 3차원 방향 에 대하여 평균속도분포, 난류강도분포, 난류전단응력분포, 상관계수의 분포 및 난류 운동에너지와 운동량의 변화 등을 측정 분석하였다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2010

A numerical analysis was performed to predict the thermo-fluid dynamic characteristics of hydrazine monopropellant reaction in the thruster combustor and nozzle. A 1-D porous model was introduced to simulate catalytic reaction by iridium in the combustor while 2-D axisymmetric analysis was applied to predict the nozzle flow. The chemical species and temperature variations were predicted by changing the injection pressure and mass flow rate and their results were validated by comparison with limited experimental data. The thrust variation with injection pressure could be estimated using the current 1-D combustor modeling.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.867-874
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• 1994

유량이 매우 작은 갈수기(渴水期)에 자연하천으로 방류된 비보존성 오염물질의 이동 및 화학적, 생화학적 변환과정의 복잡성을 구명하기 위해서 이송, 확산, 변환 그리고 하천수로에 존재하는 저장대(貯藏帶)에서 오염물질의 저장 및 교환과정을 규정하는 한 쌍의 방정식으로 이루어진 수학적 모형을 개발하고 이의 해를 수치해석적인 방법에 의해 구하였다. "저장-변환 모형"이라 명명된 본 수화적 모형은 갈수기(渴水期) 하천에서의 비보존성 오염물질의 혼합 및 변환 메카니즘의 비정규분포적인 특성을 보다 정확하게 예측할 수 있도록 개발되었다. 모형의 모의결과, 농도-시간곡선의 전체적인 형태, 첨두농도, 그리고 첨두농도에 도달하는 시간 등에 있어서 저장-변환 모형이 종래의 1차원 확산모형보다 실측자료에 더욱 정확하게 일치한다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서 개발된 저장-변환 모형은 웅덩이-급여울 연속구조로 이루어진 하천에서의 오염물질의 이동 및 변환거동을 예측하는 모형으로서 1차원 확산모형에 비해 월등히 개선된 모형으로 밝혀졌다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2005

In the present study, to determine the flow rate of droplets supplied to heat transfer surface after (j-1)th rebound, $D_X[j{\ge}2]^{\ast}$, it was assumed that the rebound droplets are distributed according to the Gaussian distribution from 0 to L, in which the flight distance L is determined by maximum flight distance $L_{max}$. We also assumed that $L_{max}$ is dependent on the air flow velocity and mean size of droplets. The local heat flux of a dilute spray in high temperature region was predicted using the newly evaluated $D_X[j{\ge}2]^{\ast}$. In addition, the predicted results by the present model were compared with the existing experimental data.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.287-292
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• 2005

The flowfields generated by gaseous slot injection into a supersonic flow at a Mach number of 3.75 and a Reynolds number of $2.07{\times}10^7$ are simulated numerically. Fine-scale turbulence effects are represented by a two-equation(k-w SST model) closure model which includes $y^+$ effects on the turbulence model. Grid convergence index(GCI) is also considered to provide a measure of uncertainty of the grid convergence. Comparison is made with experimental data and other turbulence model in term of surface static pressure distributions, the length of the upstream separation region, and the penetration height. Results indicate that the k-w SST model correctly predicts mean surface pressure distribution and upstream separation length. However, it is also observed that the numerical simulation over predicts the pressure spike and penetration height compared with experimental data. All these results are taken within $1\%$ error band of grid convergence.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-36
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• 2015

Characterization of wind flows over a complex terrain, especially mountain-gorge terrain (referred to as the very complex terrain with rolling mountains and deep narrow gorges), is an important issue for design and operation of long-span bridges constructed in this area. In both wind tunnel testing and numerical simulation, a transition section is often used to connect the wind tunnel floor or computational domain bottom and the boundary top of the terrain model in order to generate a smooth flow transition over the edge of the terrain model. Although the transition section plays an important role in simulation of wind field over complex terrain, an appropriate shape needs investigation. In this study, two principles for selecting an appropriate shape of boundary transition section were proposed, and a theoretical curve serving for the mountain-gorge terrain model was derived based on potential flow theory around a circular cylinder. Then a two-dimensional (2-D) simulation was used to compare the flow transition performance between the proposed curved transition section and the traditional ramp transition section in a wind tunnel. Furthermore, the wind velocity field induced by the curved transition section with an equivalent slope of $30^{\circ}$ was investigated in detail, and a parameter called the 'velocity stability factor' was defined; an analytical model for predicting the velocity stability factor was also proposed. The results show that the proposed curved transition section has a better flow transition performance compared with the traditional ramp transition section. The proposed analytical model can also adequately predict the velocity stability factor of the wind field.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

Thermal stripping을 수반한 난류유동장에 대한 해석방법론 정립에 필요한 신뢰성 있는 난류모델을 선정하기 위하여 온도변화가 있는 비정상 난류유동장에 $\kappa$-$\varepsilon$ 모델, 수정 $\kappa$-$\varepsilon$ 모델, 그리고 full Reynolds stress(FRS) 모델을 적용하였다. 검증대상으로는 thermal stripping 현상이 자주 관찰되는 원자로 혹은 추진기구부 등에서 보이는 수직평판과 수평평판에 대한 제트유동이 있는 유동장을 선정하였으며 이 때의 유체로는 물 혹은 액체나트륨을 사용하였다. 분석결과 비정상 난류유동장은 FRS를 사용하여 3-D로 해석할 때 가장 나은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 그러나 경계면 부근을 비롯한 유동장내에서의 열전달 특성 분석의 정확성을 제고하기 위해서는 이를 위한 수정모델의 도입이 요구된다. 아울러 제트유동의 운동량이 thermal stripping 현상에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 제트유동의 유속을 변화시켜 이에 따른 영향을 점검한 결과 운동량의 증가는 유동장의 혼합능력을 증가시키고 온도변화 진폭을 상승시키는 것으로 나타났다.