• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2019

Objective of this study was to evaluate an optimum biochar application rate and estimate the carbon sequestration based on the soil chemical properties and growth responses for biochar application during tomatoes cultivation. The treatments consisted of control as recommended application rates of fertilizers, 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, and 0.07% of biochar application(w/w, biochar:soil). For effects of soil chemical properties, the $NO_3-N$contents in the soil were peaked at 9 days after transplanting. But there was not significant difference(p>0.05) among the treatments during cultivation periods. However, $NH_4-N$ contents in the biochar treatment were lower than the control until 14 days of transplanting. $P_2O_5$ contents in the biochar treatments were lower than that of the control until 19 days after transplanting except 0.01% of biochar application plot. $K_2O$ contents in soils treated with 0.01% and 0.03% of biochar were higher until 6 days after transplanting than that in the control. For N use efficiency of biochar application, it was observed that the 0.05% biochar application plot was highest among the treatments. The highest carbon sequestration was estimated at $2.83mg\;kg^{-1}$ for 0.03% of biochar application. However, it is considered that the optimum biochar application rate was 0.05% for tomato cultivation, considering the growth characteristics and yield components.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1109-1115
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• 2008

The reproduction component traits are important components of sow efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic and genetic parameters of four reproduction component traits (age at puberty (AP), preweaning number dead (PND), weaning to service interval (WSI), and intra-individual SD in litter size (IISDLS)) of sows in two Chinese indigenous pig breeds. Available reproductive records including 22,591 piglets born from 2,054 litters by 574 Jiangquhai sows and 464 Meishan sows were used in this investigation. A set of mixed models and restricted maximum likelihood methodology were used for the multiple trait analyses of these traits. The results showed that the estimates of heritabilities (${\pm}$standard error) for AP, PND, WSI and IISDLS were $0.40{\pm}0.05$, $0.06{\pm}0.03$, $0.20{\pm}0.02$ and 0.09{\pm}0.03 in Jiangquhai sows, and $0.35{\pm}0.06$, $0.05{\pm}0.03$, $0.18{\pm}0.03$ and $0.10{\pm}0.04$ in Meishan sows, respectively. There was moderate genetic correlation between AP and WSI, while there were low genetic correlations between the other pairwise traits. The genetic correlations were positive for most of the pairwise traits, except for the one between AP and IISDLS. The results indicated that all traits except for AP were difficult to make genetic improvement by traditional selection methods due to low heritabilities and the favorable improvement of AP might result in unfavorable changes of IISDLS due to the trend of genetic antagonism.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.180-191
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• 2002

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate the effect of oriental medical treatment in whiplash injury patients which caused by traffic accident. Methods : The clinical study was carried out 37 cases of whiplash injury patients which had been admitted in Daejon university Cheon-an oriental hospital from June, 2001 to December, 2001. Results : l. In the distribution of sex distinction was female much more than male in the ratio of 3:2 and thirties was most in age distribution. 2. In situation of traffic accident, The most case was rear-ending(70.27%). 3. Except cervical pain or it's reffered pain, there were whole body symptoms as fallow, insomnia in 11cases(29.73%), night pain in 10 cases(27.03%), general body pain in 8cases(21.62), dizziness in 6cases(16.22%). 4. According to Meridian Muscle theory, a injured parts of patient were devided as follows. There were 22cases(59.46%) which have injury in Bladder, Small Intestine Meridian Muscle, 10cases(27.03%) in Gallblader, Triple Energizer Meridian Muscle, 5cases(13.51%) in Stomach, Large Intestine Meridian Muscle. 5. There were 6cases(16.22%) of the grade of complete recovery, 10cases(27.03%) of the grade of excellent, 12cases(32.43%) of the grade of improvement, 6cases(16.22%) of the grade of disimprovement and 3cases(8.11%) of the grade of poor. So 28cases(75.68%) were efficacious. 6. Generally Herb-meds that have efficacy of Geo-Eohyeol were most used(27cases, 72.97%) in early stage. Secondly Herb-med that have efficacy of Yiqi-sunqi were used(20case, 54,05%) in middle stage and Herb-med of Bo-Qiheol were used(l0cases, 27.03%) in latter term. The most used Herb-med was Hoisu-san, Oyaksungi-san(22cases, 54.96%). 7. In l5cases which have Aqua-Acupuncture treatment, There were 3cases of Complete recovery, 5cases of Excellent, 4cases of Improvement, 2cases of Disimprovement, 1cases of Poor. 8cases(53.33%) were above Excellent grade, so it is more efficatious Than simple treatment without Aqua-Acupuncture(36.37%). 8. The improvement of Bladder, Small Intestine Meridian Muscle was 77.27%, Gallblader, Triple Energizer Meridian Muscle was 70% and Stomach, Large Intestine Meridian Muscle was 80%. Additional Aqua-Acupuncture treatment improved to be effective in Bladder, Small Intestine Meridian Muscle(77.78%), in Gallblader, Triple Energizer Meridian Muscle(75%), in Stomach, Large Intestine Meridian Muscle(100%). Conclusions : In this study, Oriental treatment especially Aqua-Acupuncture was effective in whiplash injury patients which caused by traffic accident.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.577-584
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metal chloride infiltration treatment on color and strength changes of the yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP). Fifty disc specimens were prepared with a Y-TZP powder (ZPEX; Tosoh, Japan). Thirty different metal chloride solutions containing 0.03~0.08 wt% chromium and 0.03~0.07 wt% terbium ions were prepared. Presintered Y-TZP specimens were soaked in metal chloride coloring liquids for 3 minutes and sintered in air at $1,450^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. The color of the specimens was measured with spectrophotometer and color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) was obtained based on the CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ color coordinate values. To evaluate the effect of metal chloride infiltration strength changes, the biaxial flexural test was performed at crosshead speed 0.5 mm/min. Colors of the sintered Y-TZP showed the colors of Vita shade guide A1, A2 and A3 with the infiltration of chromium and terbium chloride solutions. Density of the sintered Y-TZP increased by the infiltration of chromium and terbium chloride solutions. Bi-axial flexural strength of the sintered Y-TZP did not show statistically significant differences by the infiltration of chromium and terbium chloride solutions (p>0.05). Chromium and terbium chloride did not affect the crystal phase of zirconia, and all specimens showed tetragonal phase. Accordingly, this study suggests that chromium and terbium chlorides can make colored zirconia while adding in a liquid form. The color of colored zirconia differ from that of vita shade guide but it can use all ceramic restoration as substructure in dental clinic.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the quality changes of Chinese cabbage with various storage methods. The V/H ratio, as reference of withering, of Chinese cabbage in PE film was high. Ethanol contents of Chinese cabbage packed with 0.06mm and 0.1mm PE film pouch were greater than that with 0.03mm PE film pouch. Organic acid and sugar contents in the Chinese cabbage were gradually decreased during storage. Chinese cabbage packed with 0.03mm PE film pouch was more adaptable than 0.06mm PE film pouch in winter Chinese cabbage during storage. The CO$_2$ contents in PE film pouch was increased hums 15days of storage, and then not changed during storage. The change of O$_2$ contents in PE film Pouch was opposed to tendency of CO$_2$ change. The 0.06mm and 0.1mm PE film Pouch high CO$_2$ contents and low O$_2$ contents during the storage, were less adaptable than 0.03mm PE film pouch in the winter Chinese cabbage storage.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2017

Microsatellite SSR markers were developed and utilized to reveal the genetic diversity of 32 strains of Flammulina velutipes collected in Korea, China, and Japan. From the SSR-enriched library, 490 white colonies were randomly selected and sequenced. Among the 490 sequenced clones, 85 (17.35%) were redundant. Among the remaining 405 unique clones, 201 (49.6%) contained microsatellite sequences. We used 12 primer pairs that produced reproducible polymorphic bands for four diverse strains, and these selected markers were further characterized in 32 Flammulina velutipes strains. A total of 34 alleles were detected using the 12 markers, with an average of 3.42 alleles, and the number of alleles ranged from two to seven per locus. The major allele frequency ranged from 0.42 (GB-FV-127) to 0.98 (GB-FV-166), and values for observed ($H_O$) and expected ($H_E$) heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.94 (mean = 0.18) and from 0.03 to 0.67 (mean = 0.32), respectively. SSR loci amplified with GB-FV-127 markers gave the highest polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.61 and mean allele number of five, whereas for loci amplified with GB-FV-166 markers these values were the lowest, namely 0.03 and two. The mean PIC value (0.29) observed in the present study with average number of alleles (3.42). The genetic relationships among the 32 Flammulina velutipes strains on the basis of SSR data were investigated by UPGMA cluster analysis. In conclusion, we succeeded in developing 12 polymorphic SSRs markers from an SSR-enriched library of Flammulina velutipes. These SSRs are presently being used for phylogenetic analysis and evaluation of genetic variations. In future, these SSR markers will be used in clarifying taxonomic relationships among the Flammulina velutipes.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2005

The mature-red tomato fruits (cv. Pinky world) were packaged with functional modified atmosphere (MA) film (0.03, 0.06 mm) and stored at 0, 5, $15^{\circ}C$. The results showed that the concentrations of $CO_2$ and $O_2$ inside MA package were about $4.21{\sim}8.17%$ and $9.78{\sim}14.45%$ under steady state during storage 29 days at 0, $5^{\circ}C$, respectively. The MA packaging(MAP) suppressed the fruits softening and the color change. The minimum lycopene content and maximum firmness were separately observed in fruits packaged with MA film (0.03 mm) at $5^{\circ}C$ storage and film(0.06 mm) at $0^{\circ}C$, which the lycopene content 6.08 mg/100 g, and firmness was 0.49 Kgf at 29 th day storage. The optimal conditions to keep high quality of tomato fruits were obtained by MAP during storage at $0^{\circ}C$ for 29 days, independently of the film thickness, in which the adequate gas composition was $CO_2$ at $4.2%{\sim}5.6%$, $O_2$ at $14.3%{\sim}14.5%$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2000

In order to fabricate dense cordierite ceramics without sintering aid, thermal behavior of Mg-Al-Si compounds during sintering was investigated. The dispersibility of cordierite suspension in aqueous media was measured by ESA(electrokinetic sonic amplitude). To prevent aggregation and insufficient dispersion of the cordierite sol, the pH of the suspension was controlled to 1.03 and 8.30 by adding $2N\;HNO_3$ and $2N\;NH_4OH$, respectively. Magnesium-aluminum-silicate complex gel coexisted in the specimen which has been gelled at $150^{\circ}C$ fir 12 hours, however several metastable phase such as ${\mu}-cordierite(Mg_2Al_4Si_5O_{18}),\;spine(MgAl_2O_4)\;and\;mullite(Al_6Si_2O_{13})$ existed below $1300^{\circ}C$ Nucleation rates of the two suspension were similar, but densification of the gel was sensitive to the pH of the sol. Densification of the sol with the pH of 8.3 was more pronounced than that of the sol with pH of 1.63.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 1964

Root tips of wheat, soybean, cotton and barley were treated with cold temperature (12 or 24 hrs in $0^{\circ}C$ or 2$^{\circ}C$), 8-Hyd.exyquinolin (2 or 10 hrs in 0.03 or 0.1%) and colcllicine (2 or 10 hrs in 0.2 or 1, 0%), and the frequency of metaphase were observed. The results were summarized as follow; 1. Chilling the seminal roots before or after sooting from the seed significantly increased tile number of mitotic cells and the rate of metaphase cells to mitotic cells. The optimal duration of chilling seemed to be differ depending on the kinds of plant and 24 hours to be too long except wheat so far examined here. 9. 8-Hydroxyquinolin treatment, about 2 hours in 0.03%, increased the rate of metaphase cells. The higher concentration and the longer treatment of this chemical caused the lower frequency of mitotic cells generally. 3. Colchicine treatment, 2 to 10 hrs in 0.2 to 1.0%, increased the frequency of mitotic cells and the rate of metaphase cells. Colchicine treatment was same or superior than any other treatments on the increase of metaphase cells. 4. All the treatments examined here caused chromosome contraction with most serious in colchicine following by 8-Hydroxyquinolin and chilling. 5. The feasibility of general application of chilling under the check of proper temperature and proper duration depending on the kinds of crops were discussed.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.365-375
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to investigate inorganic characteristics of Devonian bitumen carbonates in Alberta using two drilling cores, Saleski 03-34-88-20w4 and Saleski 08-01-88-20w4, taken from the Core Research Center (CRC) of Canada. The bitumen carbonates are mainly composed of less than 0.2 mm dolomites and some carbonate includes small amount of quartz and calcite. The bitumen carbonates from two cores are interpreted to have formed in similar sedimentary environments and dolomitization processes. Carbonates from Saleski 03-34-88-20w4 core were formed under higher inflow of clastic sediment than those from Saleski 08-01-88-20w4 core. Range of crystallization temperature of dolomites in the both bitumen carbonate cores is about 40~$55^{\circ}C$. Dolomitizing fluid of the bitumen carbonates would be Devonian seawater. Bitumen carbonates from Cairn Formation, compared with the CRC cores, have experienced a similar crystallization temperature, but dolmititizing fluid of the bitumen carbonates from Cairn Formation have been modified from the isotopic exchange with continental crust.