• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.43-46
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• 2000

G.723.1 부호화기는 음성신호의 주기성을 피치와 피치 이득계수로, 스펙트럼 정보를 LSP(Line Spectrum Pair)로 부호화하고 있다. 그런데 주기성을 부호화 할 때 유성음의 피치가 일정한 안정구간과 피치가 변화하는 전이구간의 차이를 두지 않고 처리하여 전이구간에서의 정확한 피치검출이 이루어지지 않는다. 이러한 처리 때문에 전이구간에서의 음질의 열하가 발생하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 전이구간의 피치검출의 정확성을 높여 음질을 향상시킬 수 있는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 먼저 G.723.1 부호화기에서 검출되는 피치 이득계수를 이용하여 안정구간의 피치 이득계수의 문턱 값을 정한다. 그리고 피치 이득 계수가 문턱 값을 넘는 부분에 한하여 구해진 피치를 전후 10샘플을 조절하여 피치 이득계수를 다시 구하여 문턱 값에 가장 가까운 값을 대표피치 이득계수로 정하고 그때의 피치와 함께 부호화한다. 실험 결과 평균 0.6(dB) segmental SNR(Signal to Noise)과 평균0.12 MOS가 향상되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.11A
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• pp.1642-1651
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• 2000

위성통신시스템에서의 10GHz이상의 Ku 또는 Ka 대역은 수십 dB의 크기를 갖는 강우에 의한 감쇠 현상이 심각하여 이러한 감쇠는 위성 링크의 심각한 성능 정하를 가져온다. 본 논문은 위성통신 링크 상에서의 강우 감쇠 보상을 위한 알고리즘을 제시하고, Ku 대역의 강우 감쇠 데이터를 사용한 시뮬레이션을 통하여 그 성능을 비교 분석하였다. 예측 기법 측면에서, 적응형 알고리즘을 적용한 기법과 신호 레벨 변화량에 근거한 예측 기법은 거의 동일한 예측 오차를 보였고, 따라서, 급속한 신호레벨 변화에 적응성을 요하지 않은 강우 감쇠 예측의 경우, 알고리즘 측면에서 비교적 간단한 예측 기법으로도 충분한 성능을 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 제시된 전송 방식 결정 알고리즘은 기존의 임계값 기반 알고리즘에 비해 품질 저하율이 0.6%에서 0.01% 이하로 감소하였고, 거의 동일한 전송 효율을 가지면서 약 5배의 적은 전송 방식 전환을 요구한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.822-833
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• 1996

The video coding for very low bit rate has recently received considerable attention, but conventional block based transform coding schemes suffer from the blocking effect for the constraints of bit rates. In this paper, we present a video coding sysem suing multi-resolution motion estimation/compensation with variable size block(VMRME/C) and multi-resolution vector quantization(MRVQ) in wavelet transform domain for very low bit rate coding. It is shown that the presented scheme has better performance in the peak signal-to-nose ratio(RSNR) by 0.2-0.6 dB as well as subjective quality than that of conventional block based transform video coding techniques(especially, H. 263 which is DCT based video coding).

• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.254-262
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• 2009

This paper presents a novel simple filter design method based on a parallel short-ended coupled-line structure with capacitive loading for size reduction and ultra-broad rejection of spurious passbands. In addition, the introduction of a cross-coupling capacitor into the miniaturized coupled-line can create a transmission zero at the second harmonic frequency for better frequency selectivity and attenuation level. The aperture compensation technique is also applied to achieve a strong coupling in the coupled-line section. The influence of using the connecting transmission line to cascade two identical one-stage filters is studied for the first time. Specifically, such a two-stage bandpass filter operating at 2.3 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 10% was designed and realized with low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology for application in base stations that need high power handling capability. It achieved attenuation in excess of -40 dB up to $4f_0$ and low insertion loss of -1.2 dB with the size of 10 mm ${\times}$ 7 mm ${\times}$ 2.2 mm. The measured and simulated results showed good agreement.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.404-409
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• 2014

This paper presents a Spread Spectrum Clock Generator (SSCG) based on Relaxation oscillator using Up/Down Counter. The current is controlled by a counter and the spread spectrum of the Relaxation Oscillator. A Relaxation Oscillator with temperature compensation using the BGR and ADC is presented. The current to determine the frequency of the Relaxation Oscillator can be controlled. The output frequency of the temperature can be compensated by adjusting the current according to the temperature using the code that is the output from the ADC and BGR. EMI Reduction of SSCG is 11 dB, and Spread down frequency is 150 kHz. The current consumption is $600{\mu}A$ from 5V and the operating frequency is from 2.3 MHz to 5.75 MHz. The rate of change of the output frequency with temperature was approximately ${\pm}1%$. The SSCG is fabricated in a 0.35um CMOS process with active area $250um{\times}440um$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 1990

This paper describes an interframe image coding using motion compensated and classified vector quantizer (MC-CVQ). It is essential to carefully encode blocks with significant pels in motion compensated vector quantizers (MCVQ). In this respect, we propose a new CVQ algorithm which is appropriate to the coding of interframe prediction error after motion compensation. In order to encode an image efficiently at a low bit rate, we partition each block, which is the processing element in MC, into equally sized 4 vectors, and classify vectors into 15 classes according to the position of significant pels. Vectors in each class are then encoded by the vector quantizer with the codebook independently designed for the class. The computer simulation shows that the signal-to-noise ratio and the average bit rate of MC-CVQ are 35-37dB and 0.2-0.25bit/pel, respectively, for the videophone or video conference type image.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 2023

BNKT Ceramics, one of the representative Pb free based piezoelectric ceramics, constitutes a perovskite(ABO3) structure. At this time, the perovskite structure (ABO3) is in the form where the corners of the octahedrons are connected, and in the unit cell, two ions, A and B, are cations, A ion is located at the body center, B ion is located at each corner, and an anion O is located at the center of each side. Since Bi, Na, and K sources constituting the A site are highly volatile at a sintering temperature of 1100℃ or higher, it is difficult to maintain uniformity of the composition. In order to solve this problem, there should be suppression of volatilization of the A site material or additional compensation of the volatilized. In this study, the basic composition of BNKT Ceramics was set to Bi_0.5(Na_0.78K_0.22)_0.5TiO₃ (= BNKT), and volatile site (Bi, Na, and K sources) were coated in the form of a shell to compensate additionally for the A site ions. In addition, the physical and electrical properties of BNKT and its coated with shell additives(= @BNK) were compared and analyzed, respectively. As a result of analyzing the crystal structure through XRD, both BNKT(Core) and @BNK(Shell) had perovskite phases, and the crystallinity was almost similar. Although the Curie temperature of the two sintered bodies was almost the same (TC = 290 ~ 300 ℃), it was confirmed that the d33 (piezoelectric coefficient) and Pr (residual polarization) values were different. The experimental results indicated that the additional compensation for a shell additive causes the coarsening, resulting in a decrease in sintering density and Pr(remanent polarization). However, coating shell additives to compensate for A site ion is an effective way to suppress volatilization. Based on these experimental results, it would be the biggest advantage to develop an eco-friendly material (Lead-free) that replaced lead (Pb), which is harmful to the human body. This lead-free piezoelectric material can be applied to a biomedical device or products(ex. earphones (hearing aids), heart rate monitors, ultrasonic vibrators, etc.) and skin beauty improvement products (mask packs for whitening and wrinkle improvement).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.11 s.353
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• pp.77-82
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• 2006

Analog channel selection filter is described which is designed for a direct-conversion receiver of a IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN. The channel selection filter is an active-RC fifth-order Chebyshev filter with 10MHz cut-off frequency. Two-stage operational amplifier of the filter employs a current re-using feedforward frequency compensation scheme to minimize the power consumption. The filter has been implemented in a 0.18mm CMOS technology and the experimental results show 20mW power consumption with 1.8V supply voltage and 19dB out-of-band iIP3.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2006

In this paper, a new process detection circuit is proposed. The proposed process detection circuit compares a long channel MOS transistor (L > 0.4um) to a short channel MOS transistor which uses lowest feature size of the process. The circuit generates the differential current proportional to the deviation of carrier mobilities according to the process variation. This method keep the two transistor's drain voltage same by implementing the feedback using a high gain OPAMP. This paper also shows the new design of the simple high gam self-biased rail-to-rail OPAMP using a proposed self-biased super MOS composite circuit. The gain of designed OPAMP is measured over 100dB with $0.2{\sim}1.6V$ wide range CMR in single stage. Finally, the proposed process detection circuit is applied to a differential VCO and the VCO showed that the proposed process detection circuit compensates the process corners successfully and ensures the wide rage operation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 1999

Objectives. This study was carried out to evaluate hearing impairment judgement and to investigate the differences in various diagnostic criteria for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among workers who required for close observation (C). Methods. Out of 731,029 workers who had taken the specific periodic health examination in 1994, we used the audiometric data on 37,999 workers (C) eliminating the employees who had previous otologic problems. Many investigators have being using different criteria for the evaluation of hearing impairment. In this study, we used the criteria of early (1989-1994), current, compensation for NIHL in Korea, 2-, 3-, 4-divided classification and hearing loss at 4,000 Hz and compared the evaluation results. Results. The prevalences of C and workers who had occupational disease $(D_1)$ diagnosed for NIHL were 11.1 % and 0.44 %. There were significant difference in the prevalences of C and $D_1$, depending on different province of Korea. Pure tone averages (PTAs) were not appropriately applied in their evaluation 97% of workers whom we studied on were below the level of mild hearing loss judged by ISO standard. However, there were wide variations in the prevalence rate of mild hearing loss by diagnostic criteria. Thus, there were different judgements in determining the degree of NIHL depending on which diagnostic criteria were utilized. PTAs were found 20.54 (Rt) and 20.74 (Lt) when the method of 3-divided classification was applied for audiometric data. The degree of hearing impairment of the left ear was more severe than that of right ear. The prevalence of normal hearing threshold below 20 dB was 75.4% and the range of difference in both ear was below 10 dB. Right sided hearing threshold levels were 21.08 dB (500 Hz), 18.44 dB (1,000 Hz), 22.09 (2,000 Hz) and 52.36 dB (4,000 Hz). There was typical high frequency loss (C5-dip at 4,000 Hz) above 30 - 40 dB in normal hearing level. The increasing trend in hearing threshold level was gradually decreased by the increase of PTAs. The difference between PTAs and threshold at 4,000 Hz was about 10 dB. Conclusions. We could found that PTAs in the previous examination were not appropriately evaluated. This study revealed that they did not use unique criteria for managing the workers of NIHL. For the prevention of NIHL, it was found that the quality control on diagnosis and comprehensive management program were required, especially for those of hearing loss (C).