• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.4 s.79
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• pp.322-328
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• 1996

It is possible to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus on the crush medium of Reynoutria sachalinensis. The crush of leaves and stems of Reynoutria sachalinensis with water (1:8 W/V) enhanced mycelial growth of P. ostreatus. That mycelial growth of P. ostreatus on the crush medium was accelerated three times as fast as that on malt extract agar (MEA), and mycelial compactness was denser than that of on MEA. The same result was obtained on mixture of saw dust and the crush of leaves and stems in test tube and bottle. The addition of rice bran and the crush to saw dust was best for mycelial growth. Regardless of pH (4.5, 6.5 and 8.5), P. ostreatus could suppress the growth.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.221-225
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• 1992

The possibility of using Chinese cabbage juice as a substrate for the production of Candida utilis cell mass was explored. Dry cell weight production and cell yield coefficient were 1.35-1.45 g/100 ml undiluted juice and 47-50%, respectively, when C. utilis was grown by shake flask culture at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr on more than three-fold diluted Chinese cabbage juice to make the final sugar content be equal to or less than 1.0%. Supplementation of glucose(2%), $KH_2PO_4(0.2%)$ and $(NH_4)_2SO_4(0.2%)$ to three-fold diluted Chinese cabbage juice did not enhance the dry cell weight yield or the protein content of the yeast cell, while supplementation of yeast extract(0.2%) and peptone(0.2%) increased dry cell weight production and protein content but not as much as the amount of each nutrient added. It was found that Chinese cabbage juice was an excellent substrate for the cultivation of C. utilis.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1998

Experiments were performed to obtain cryopreservation techniques of black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) sperm. For sperm collection, brood stock reared in recirculating seawater system and fed with the commercial feed during experimental period. The results indicated that following cryopreservation method in block seabream sperm could be employed. Post-thaw survival rate of sperm revealed the highest value ($80{\pm}1.4$%) in 3% sodium citrate as a diluent for the cryopreservation. Cryopreserved sperm diluted with 5.4% glucose showed the highest fertilization rate to the ovulated eggs. Glycerol was a better cryoprotectant than dimethyl sulfoxide in sperm cryopreservation : survival rate and fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved sperm were decreased according to increase of glycerol concentration and varied in renges of 0.8~59.3% and 32.5~69.4% with 5~30% glycerol, respectively. A few of cryopreserved spermatozoa showed the enlarged head with granulated chromatin and ruptured plasma membrane by freezing and thawing injuries compared with unfrozen normal spermatozoa.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.19 no.1 s.42
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• pp.5-9
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• 1980

Some insecticides were evaluated on the effect of single ULV foliar spray in the control of the pine gall midges (Thecediplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye) when the formulated (undiluted) and/or diluted insecticides were applied by ULV Sprayer (Battery-type of 12 voltage, devised by Union Carbide) With the formulated insecticide spray (30ml per plot; ten pine trees of 1.5 to 2m in height), the order of control effectiveness was Salithion (Ec 25), $Sumithion^{(R)}$ (ULV 80), Dimethoate (Ec 50), $Sevin\;oil^{(R)}$ (ULV 50), $Zolone^{(R)}$ (Ec 25) and $Folimat^{(R)}$ (Ec 50). However, except Zolone, other insecticides tested caused relatively severe phytotoxicity on the pine needles in all treatments. The dilluted insecticides (200ml Per Plot) of Salithion and Dimethoate with 10,20 and 40 times of water solution showed better control effect than with the formulated insecticides, and no phytotoxicity was observed. Salithion was more effective than Dimethoate. In conclusion, the desirable results in the pine gall midge control in this experiment were obtained by single ULV foliar spray of Salithion with 10 to 20 times of water solution, and the feasible timing of insecticide application would be from late in May to early in June.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.183-202
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• 2013

The demand of ginseng which has attracted many people for a long time has expanded further with great spotlight ; but it has caused anxiety of some safety-sensitive customers due to unavoidable pesticides and its weakness for disease and insect pest. On the other hand, sluggish studies on effective doses of ginseng and red ginseng which is produced and processed after hardship have worsened confusion of customers. Against this backdrop, this study is about to find out measures for safe ginseng cultivation and effective dose of white or red ginseng which are safely produced and reaches meaningful conclusions as follows ; As for a study to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides or to change them into environmentally-friendly products, ginseng cultivation utilizing Lime Sulfur complex might be an alternative. The effects of Lime Sulfur complex are great on ginseng seeding with under 200 times compound KHCO3 and five-year-old ginseng with over 200 times compound using NaHCO3. When using with green materials like Bordeaux mixture, there would be great potential to realize ginseng without pesticide use.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1361-1365
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• 2004

오염물질의 유입 유형은 일정한 농도를 가진 오염물질이 일정한 비율로 연속적으로 유입되는 경우와 순간적으로 특정한 농도를 가진 오염물질이 하천으로 유입되는 경우로 나눌 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 오염물질에 대해 댐 방류량을 일시적으로 증가시켜서 희석 및 세척시키는 플러싱(flushing) 효과에 관하여 연구하였다. 실측한 수리인자를 이용하여 적용성이 크다고 발표된 경험식에 의하여 확산계수를 결정하였다. 플러싱에 의한 오염물질의 희석정도 및 확산특성을 파악하기 위해서 RMA-4 모형을 잠실수중보$\~$신곡수중보 구간에 적용하였다. 정체되어있는 경우와 순간적으로 유입되는 경우, 성산대교 부근에서 농도가 1ppm이하로 감소하는 시간을 각 유량별로 분석하였다. 댐 방류량에 의한 플러싱을 시도한 경우에 본류의 오염물질이 지류로 역류하는 범위를 파악할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 2015

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) and Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) are associated with considerable diseases in animals and human. In this study, the disinfection efficacy of a commercial disinfectant composed to povidone-iodine (PVI) was evaluated against C. perfringens and M. fortuitum. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to C. perfringens and M. fortuitum for 30 min at $4^{\circ}C$. The disinfectant and test bacteria were diluted with hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) according to treatment condition. On HW condition, the bactericidal activity of the disinfectant against C. perfringens and M. fortuitum was 50 and 80 fold dilutions, respectively. On OM condition, the bactericidal activity of the disinfectant against both C. perfringens and M. fortuitum was 15 fold dilutions. As the disinfectant composed to PVI possesses bactericidal efficacy against C. perfringens and M. fortuitum, the disinfectant solution can be used to control the spread of bacterial diseases.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.337-341
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• 2000

Antimicrobial activities of oak smoke flavoring against saprogenous and food poisoning microbes were studied. When tested on a paper disc, antimicrobial activities were observed in all microbial species at a dose of as low as 20 ${\mu}{\ell}$, and microbial growth was completely suppressed with 70 ${\mu}{\ell}/5$ $m{\ell}$ during 3 days of incubation at $30^{\circ}C$ with 8 times diluted oak smoke flavoring. When 50 $m{\ell}s$ of distilled water and distilled water containing 500 ${\mu}{\ell}$ of oak smoke flavoring, which were added with small amount of dilute E. coli, were incubated for 10 days at $20^{\circ}C$, $3{\times}10^3$ CFU/$m{\ell}$ of E. coli and $1.9{\times}10^4$ CFU/$m{\ell}$ of total bacteria was counted in distilled water containing oak smoke flavoring.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.267-274
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• 2022

Portable and vehicle thermal fogs were tested using etofenprox, bifenthrin, and deltamethrin diluted with diesel oil, kerosene, and water against domestic vector mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis s.l., Culex pipiens, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus. The female mosquitoes were confined in small cages suspended on poles at progressively greater distances from the fog release point at an open field. The average mortality rates of four vector mosquitoes to the three insecticides were 52.0% and 64.0% at a portable thermal fogs diluted with diesel oil and water within a 10 m distance, respectively. A vehicle thermal fog had a mean mortality of 34.8% of the females to the insecticides diluted with diesel oil within 50 m. The mortality rates were not significantly different among all the tested distances. At a dilution solvent test, the mortality of the females to the insecticides diluted with kerosene was 1.9 times higher than that of diesel oil.

• Electric Engineers Magazine
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• v.246 no.2
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• pp.30-33
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• 2003

증발성 액체소화제 할로겐화 탄화수소는 기화되기 쉬운 액체 또는 기체이고 억제작용, 희석효과, 기화열에 의한 냉각 등 3가지의 작용을 한다. 액상인 것은 목재화재에도 다소 쓰이고 있지만 가연성약제의 소화에 쓰일 뿐만 아니라 전기의 불량도체이므로 전기화재에 대한 적응성이 있다.