• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.6 s.169
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• pp.585-601
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• 2004

A general study of domestic black sandstone and black shale quarries has not been made. For this reason it is difficult to know how the matter really stands. The objectives of this study are to achieve systematical and scientific study of the distribution, occurrences and rock quality of black sandstone and black shale resources exploited in existing quarries in the Boryeong area. The black sandstone bed survey was made from 54 mine claims on 4 sheets. In the area, 140 black sandstone and 22 black shale quarries were ascertained in 37 mine claims. The general development information data from that existing quarries were collected and synthesized. Among these black sandstone quarries for gravestones, monuments and black shale quarries for inkstone are in operation. Most of the black sandstone quarries were closed throughout the Gaewhari, Suburi, Seongjuri district in the investigated area even though these quarries had played a prominent part in the production of black sandstone. In view of commercial dimension stones, raw materials from black sandstone are classified as corestone and fresh rock body according to the characteristics of their occurrences and shape. Black sandstone beds are characteristically well-jointed and are particularly subdivided into cubic or quadrangular blocks in 3 joint sets. The colors of these black sandstones show medium dark $gray\~grayish$ black judging from the Rock Color Chart. The black sandstone beds which are intercalated in the Amisan, Jogeri, Baegunsa, Seongjuri Formations of the Daedong Supergroup are about $1\~10\;m$ in thickness.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4 s.50
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• pp.383-392
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• 2006

Calcium carbonate stone deterioration has been intensified in urban area, mainly due to the action of atmospheric pollutant. Samples from the black surface layer were examined under petrographic and scanning electron microscope, coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analyser X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction analysis was also carried out for chemical composition and mineral phase analysis, respectively. Moreover, sulphur isotope ratio was measured, in order to identify the origin of sulphate compounds in the black surface layer. Optical and electronic petrographic analysis indicated that gypsum and Quartz were contained in the black surface layer and led to microcracks. Microstructure and chemical composition analysis showed that the interface between black layer and original stone is not black but its characteristic is similar to black layer The results indicated that during deterioration process the black layer can be expanded gradually into the interface by adsorption of atmospheric pollutants. The sulphur isotope analysis demonstrates that there are different origins of the sulphur component in black surface layer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1984

The author carried out an experiment to find on the optomotor response of crusian carp, Carassius carassius and goldfish, Carassius auratus in accordance with the colors of the wall and the stripes labeled on the revolving visual screen. The results are as follows; 1. The optomotor response rate of crusian carp was 80% or more in case of B-Y, R-Bl and W-Bl pair of colors, and 50% or less in case of Bl-B, B-Bl, R-W, R-Y, W-Y and Y-W pair. 2. The optomotor response rate of goldfish was 80% or more in all except B-Bl, W-R and W-Y pair. 3. Mean round number of crusian carp was 7.5-9.5 revolutions in case of W-Bl, Y-Bl, W-B and Y-B pair, and 1.8-3.9 revolutions in case of Bl-B, Bl-Y, B-Bl, B-R, R-All and Y-W pair for 3 minutes. 4. Mean rounded number of goldfish was only 4.1-4.9 revolutions in case of W-Bl, W-B and Y-B pair for 3 minutes.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.199-203
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• 2005

Malignant melanoma commonly occurs in skin and the incidences are uncommon. Especially, the incidences of subungual melanoma is less than 2% of total numbers of melanoma, and most of the cases tended to be misdiagnosed at first time. Thus, the prognoses are not good. We are going to report our experiences of subungual melanoma and diagnostic criteria in great toe initially misdiagnosed as ingrowing nail with a review of the literature.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.133-144
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• 1981

The ultrastructures of the pigment cells in the Asiatic land salamander (Hynobius leechi) dorsal skin were obtained by means of electron microscope. The results were as follows; 1. The pigment cells of the epidermis consisted of the melanocytes in the germinal layer and of the melanophores distributing to the keratinocyte layer. The traits of these cells in the epidermis were as follows: A. The nuclei of the melanocytes were round or oval in shape and appeared as partly small or large infoldings of the nuclear envelope. B. Rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulums and Golgi complexes were well developed in infranuclear cytoplasm. Many ribosomes were mainly distributed around the perinuclear portion. C. The melanosomes of the melanocytes were observed as a found or an oval shape and strong electron-dense or less electron-dense melanosomes were observed. D. The infoldings of the nuclear envelope in the melanophore were partly found deeper than those of the melanocyte. The cytoplasm of the melanophore filled with melanosomes caused organelles not to be observed in that. 2. The pigment cells in the dermis were composed of the xanthophores just beneath basement membrane and the melanophores in the connective tissue. The traits of these cells in the dermis were as follows: A. The xanthophores contained round or oval vesicles, and these vesicles were divided into 6 types (type I pterinosome, type II pterinosome, type III pterinosomes, type iv pterinosome, type V pterinosome, type VI pterinosome). B. Most of the nuclei of the melanophores in the dermis were elongate in shape, and a portion of the nuclear envelope was deep infolded. C. Becuase the cytoplasm was filled with the melanosomes of the same electron-density, organelles were not observed in the cytoplasm. D. Two processes of the melanophore in the dermis extended in parallel with a xanthophore and the cytoplasm in those processes were filled with the melanosomes.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.133-133
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• 2001

우리는 괴산 덕평리 지역의 소위 구룡산층과 대전 추부 지역의 창리층 흑색 점판암에 대한 납 동위원소 연대측정 결과를 보고한다. 덕평리 지역의 흑색 점판암은 270 Ma 내외의 Pb-Pb 연대를 보이고 U-Pb 연대는 정의되지 않는다. 그 Pb-Pb 연대는 같은 시료의 22개 uraninite 입자에 대한 CHIME 연대와 오차범위 내에서 일치한다. 이로 보아 uraninite는 형성 또는 변성작용에 의한 동위원소적 재평형 작용 이후 폐쇄계를 잘 유지하였지만 흑색 점판암이 지질학적으로 최근에 지표에 노출된 이후에는 전암 규모에서 개방계로 거동하였음을 알 수 있다. 박편 미조직 관찰에 의하면 흑색 점판암의 1차광물인 uraninite 외에 풍화기원 2차광물인 uranocircite, francevillite가 관찰된다. 덕평리 지역 흑색 점판암의 최고 변성온도 조건은 50$0^{\circ}C$ 내외이므로 (Kim et al., 2000) uraninite CHIME 연대의 폐쇄온도가 50$0^{\circ}C$ 이상이거나 uraninite의 형성시기와 변성시기 사이에 시간차가 거의 없었다고 판단된다. 덕평리 지역의 U 광화작용 시기는 이번 자료에 의해 고생대 말로 정의될 수 있으나 그 연대가 흑색 점판암의 모물질인 해저 흑색 유기질 퇴적물의 초기 속성작용과 관련 있는지 후기의 변성작용과 관련 있는지에 대해서는 광물학적인 연구가 더 진행되어야 한다. 옥천대 변성퇴적암의 일부가 고생대 말에 퇴적되었을 가능성은 황강리층 역의 xenotime 및 monazite에 대한 CHIME 연대측정 결과 (약 367 Ma; Adachi et al., 1996)에 의해서 지지된다. 추부 지역 흑색 점판암의 Pb-Pb 연대는 170 Ma 내외로서 인접한 쥬라기 화강암의 관입시기를 지시하는 것으로 생각된다. 이는 화강암체로부터의 거리로 볼 때 덕평리 지역과 추부 지역의 시료 채취 위치가 유사하지만 지하 천부에 관입한 백악기 속리산 화강암 (91$\pm$6 Ma, Cheong and Chang, 1997)에 의해서는 덕평리 지역 흑색 점판암의 납 동위원소계가 영향받지 않았다는 점과 대조적이다.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.71-74
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• 2006

석조문화재 표면에는 다양한 형태의 흑색오염물질이 형성되어 있다. 흑화 현상은 일반적으로 수많은 공기오염물질과 유기물 그리고 유색광물들의 쌓임과 이동에 의해 생성될 수 있다. 흑화현상을 크게 대기오염이 심한 도시에서 나타나는 도시형과 대기오염이 적은 곳에서 발생하는 농촌형으로 나눌 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 흑색의 원인물질의 하나로 거론되고 있는 탄소물질을 열분해탄소분석기를 이용하여 분석하였다. 탄소는 유기탄소와 원소탄소로 나누어 측정되었으며, 흑색을 띄게 하는 원소탄소의 량이 도심의 흑색부위와 농촌의 흑색부위에서 차이를 보이며 검출되었다. 그러나 측정된 탄소량은 탄소 한 요소만으로 암석 표면의 흑화 현상을 설명하기에는 불충분하다. 소량이 검출되기는 했지만 두 시료에서 보여주는 탄소량의 차이는 의미가 있다. 농촌형 흑색시료에서는 도심형 시료에서 보다 유기탄소가 원소탄소보다 약간 더 검출되었다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 2006

Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of melanocytes most frequently arising from the skin, but primary melanoma can also arise from the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal melanomas are most commonly metastases from a cutaneous melanoma. Primary melanoma of the stomach is rare and carries a poor prognosis. Reported here is the case of a 75-year-old man with a primary gastric melanoma who presented with a melena, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Most cases of melanoma are treated by excision of the primary tumor. Patients with melanoma have been treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. None of these modalities has been demonstrated to prolong the survival rate. To improve long-term disease-free survival, early diagnosis and surgical intervention are very important.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.697-700
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• 2002

Primary malignant melanoma of the mediastinum is extremely rare : To date, there have been only 8 cases reported in the literature. We report a case of a 50-year-old woman presented with an anterior mediastinal mass. The mass invaded the lung parenchyme of right upper lobe, which was wedge-resected with the mass. Microscopically, spindle or polygonal tumor cells with prominent nucleoli and intracytoplasmic melanin pigments are characterized and Fontana stain confirmed the presence of melanin pigment. Immunohistochemical studies showed diffuse positive staining for HMB45, S100 protein and vimentin, which further suggested melanoma.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2010

Melanosis coli is described as a black or brown discoloration of the mucosa of the colon. Such a discoloration is largely due to pigment granule deposition in macrophages in the colonic mucosa, which arises from anthraquinone-containing laxative abuse. Melanosis coli has usually been reported in the elderly. We present the first case of melanosis coli associated with aloe consumption in a Korean child.