• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.361-365
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• 2007

자연재난은 발생원인에 따라 바람, 강우, 적설, 파고등으로 구분할 수 있다. 이러한 재난원인은 자연현상의 일부로 발생하였으나, 경제가 발전함에 따라 과거에 비해 재해에 안전한 사회를 요구하게 되어 재해저감을 위한 투자와 방재정책 개발의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 기존에는 자연재난을 저감시키기 위하여 연최대치 강우를 통계 분석하고 강우-유출관계를 이용하여 장래에 발생할 홍수량을 예측하여 자연재난을 저감할 수 있도록 설계하는 것이 일반적인 재난저감계획 수립으로 간주되었다. 그러나, 재해예방을 위해서는 과거에 발생한 재난의 지역적 특성을 분석하여 재난발생 위험과 피해규모를 파악함으로써 재난계획 수립의 기초자료로 활용할 필요성이 있다. 이러한 자연재난에 대한 대책수립은 국가차원에서 필요하며 이를 위해서는 지역별 안전도 평가의 필요성이 증가하게 된다. 그러나 이러한 연구를 수행하기 위해서는 방대한 자료를 바탕으로 풍수해 발생특성을 분석하는 연구와 지자체 또는 지역별 재난피해저감 능력을 수치적으로 나타낼 필요성이 있다. 따라서, 공학적인 면뿐만 아니라 행정적인 면을 동시에 고려하는 학제간 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라에서 주로 발생하는 풍수해에 의한 자연재난 특성을 파악하고 재난발생 확률을 고려한 재난피해규모와 재난피해 저감능력을 비교하여 전국 234개 지자체별 지역 및 시설물별 안전도를 평가하고자 한다. 과거 10년간 재해연보에 수록된 지자체별 피해현황을 지자체별 특성을 고려하여 분석, 지자체별 연평균 피해규모를 소방방재청의 지역별 안전도 지침서에 의거, 10등급으로 분석하였다. 또한, 지자체별로 투자우선순위 및 방재예산편성의 효율성 극대화를 위해 지자체별 시설물별 피해현황을 분석하는 기법을 개발하여 지자체별 시설물별 안전도 진단지표를 설정하였다. 분석된 결과는 지자체별 시설물별 재해저감을 위한 풍수해저감 종합계획 재난보험제도 도입등의 기초자료로 적용될 수 있다.로 나타났다. 이는 두 흐름에 의해 와(vortex)가 크게 형성되어 하상의 세굴에 영향을 미치기 때문으로 판단되었다.보다 본질부가 차지하는 면적이 월등히 적고 제1차 및 제2차섬유가 차지하는 면적이 많았다. 따라서 고섬유함량인 대마의 품종개량에 있어서는 가능한 한 본질부가 차지하는 면적은 축소시키고 제1차 및 제2차섬유가 차지하는 면적은 증대시켜야 할 것으로 본다.우리 나라 수도의 작기는 앞으로 당기는 것이 좋다고 고찰된다. 6. 우리 나라의 현행 수도작기로 본 기온 및 일조조건은 수도의 분얼전기에 대해서는 호조건하에 놓여 있으나, 분얼후기인 7월 중ㆍ하순 경의 일조부족과 고온다습조건은 병해, 특히 도열병의 유발원인이 되고 있다. 7. 우리 나라의 현행수도작기로 본 전국각지의 수도의 출수기는 모두 일조시간이 적은 부적당한 시기에 처해 있다. 8. 출수후 40일간의 평균기온에 의한 적산온도 88$0^{\circ}C$의 출현기일은 수원에서 8월 23일이었고, 년간편차를 고려한 안전출수기일은 8월 19일로서 적산온도면에서는 관행 출수기일은 약간 늦다고 보았다. 9. 등열기의 평균기온에 의한 적산온도는 현행 수도작기로서는 최종한계시기에 놓여 있으며, 평균기온의 년간편차와 우리 나라의 최저기온이 낮은 점을 고려할 때, 현행출수기는 다소 늦은 것으로 보았다. 10. 생육단계별의 수도체내의 질소함량은 영양생장기의 질소함량이 과다하였으며, 출수 이후에 영양조락을 여하히 방지하느냐가 문제된다고 보았다. 11. 수리불안전답 및 천수답이 차지하는 전답면적의 비율은 차차 감소되고 있는데, 이와 전체 10a당 수량의 증가율과의 상관계수를 산출하였는데, 수리불안전답과의 상관계수 (4)는 +0.525였으며, 천수답과는 r=+0.832, 그리고 수리불안전답과 천수답을 합계한 것과의 상관계수 (r)는 +0.841로서 후2자와는 고도의 정(+) 상관을 보여 천수답이 차지하는 면적비율이 작

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.5 s.94
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• pp.376-382
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• 2005

Avermectin (AVM) $B_{1a}$ produced by Streptomyces avermitilis via polyketide pathway is a secondary metabolite with powerful anthelmintic and insecticidal activities, thus being used as an efficient agent in the field of agriculture and animal health. It has been reported that a precursor for AVM $B_{1a}$ biosynthesis was isoleucine and the biosynthetic pathway of AVM $B_{1a}$ was closely similar to that of fatty acid. Based on understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of AVM $B_{1a}$, we intended to screen various mutants resistant against O-methyl threonine (OMT), an isoleucine-anti metabolite, and/or mutants resistant against p-fluoro phenoxy acetic acid (pFAC), an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis. It was inferred that these mutants could produce AVM $B_{1a}$ more efficiently, due to the acquired capability of not only overproducing isoleucine intracellularly but also channelling metabolized carbon-sources into the polyketide pathway, thus leading to enhanced biosynthesis of AVM $B_{1a}$. The resulting mutant (PFA-1 strain) resistant against 100 ppm of pFAC was able to produce approximately 42 fold higher amount of AVM $B_{1a}$ compared to the parallel mother strain (4,200 vs. 100 units/l). In addition, through the process of continuous strain improvement program carried out by gradually increasing the OMT concentration, it was possible to obtain a more attractive mutant with greater AVM $B_{1a}$ production capacity (9,000 units/l). Notable was that significantly higher producer (12,000 units/l) could be selected through further screening of the resistant mutants, this time, to even higher concentration of PFAC. Meanwhile, through the analysis of AVM Bla production histograms (i.e., number of strains according to their AVM $B_{1a}$ biosynthetic ability) for the earlier strains in comparison with the high producers having the characteristics of resistance to OMT and pFAC, it was found that production stability of the high-yielding producers were remarkably improved, as demonstrated by the fact that larger proportion of the mutated strains had greater capability of AVM $B_{1a}$ biosynthesis ($71\%$ in the range between 5,000 and 7,000 units/L; $47\%$ in the range between 6,000 and 7,000 units/l). Based on these consequences, it was concluded that the rational screening strategy based on the understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of AVM $B_{1a}$ was very effective in obtaining high-yielding mutants with the features of enhanced production stability.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.12C
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• pp.1288-1298
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• 2002

To implement elliptic curve cryptosystem in GF(2$\^$m/) at high speed, a fast divider is required. Although bit-parallel architecture is well suited for high speed division operations, elliptic curve cryptosystem requires large m(at least 163) to support a sufficient security. In other words, since the bit-parallel architecture has an area complexity of 0(m$\^$m/), it is not suited for this application. In this paper, we propose a new serial-in serial-out systolic array for computing division operations in GF(2$\^$m/) using the standard basis representation. Based on a modified version of tile binary extended greatest common divisor algorithm, we obtain a new data dependence graph and design an efficient bit-serial systolic divider. The proposed divider has 0(m) time complexity and 0(m) area complexity. If input data come in continuously, the proposed divider can produce division results at a rate of one per m clock cycles, after an initial delay of 5m-2 cycles. Analysis shows that the proposed divider provides a significant reduction in both chip area and computational delay time compared to previously proposed systolic dividers with the same I/O format. Since the proposed divider can perform division operations at high speed with the reduced chip area, it is well suited for division circuit of elliptic curve cryptosystem. Furthermore, since the proposed architecture does not restrict the choice of irreducible polynomial, and has a unidirectional data flow and regularity, it provides a high flexibility and scalability with respect to the field size m.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2013

Due to the large specific surface area and great reactivity toward environmental contaminants, nanocrystalline mackinawite (FeS) has been widely applied for the remediation of contaminated groundwater and soil. Furthermore, nanocrystalline FeS is rather thermodynamically stable against anoxic corrosion, and its reactivity can be regenerated continuously by the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria. However, nanocrystalline mackinawite is prone to either spread out along the groundwater flow or cause pore clogging in aquifers by particle aggregation. Accordingly, this mineral should be modified for the application of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). In this study, coating methods were investigated by which mackinawite nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of alumina or activated alumina. The amount of FeS coating was found to significantly vary with pH, with the highest amount occurring at pH ~6.9 for both minerals. At this pH, the surfaces of mackinawite and alumina (or activated alumina) were oppositely charged, with the resultant electrostatic attraction making the coating highly effective. At this pH, the coating amounts by alumina and activated alumina were 0.038 and 0.114 $mmol{\cdot}FeS/g$, respectively. Under anoxic conditions, arsenite sorption experiments were conducted with uncoated alumina, uncoated activated alumina, and both minerals coated with FeS at the optimal pH for comparison of their reactivity. Uncoated activated alumina showed the higher arsenite removal compared to uncoated alumina. Notably, the arsenite sorption capacity of activated alumina was little changed by the coating with FeS. This might be attributed to the abundance of highly reactive hydroxyl functional groups (${\equiv}$AlOH) on the surface of activated alumina, making the arsenite sorption by the coated FeS unnoticeable. In contrast, the arsenite sorption capacity of alumina was found to increase substantially by the FeS coating. This was due to the consumption of the surface hydroxyl functional groups on the alumina surface and the subsequent occurrence of As(III) sorption by the coated FeS. Alumina, on the surface area basis, has about 8 times higher FeS coating amount and higher As(III) sorption capacity than silica. This study indicates that alumina is a better candidate than silica for the coating of nanocrystalline mackinawite.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.28
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• pp.235-263
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• 2012

Regarding the theme park business as an area of cultural content business, this study focuses on the trend of pursuing indoor theme parks as a small-scale small capital strategy escaped from the existing approach oriented to large-scale outdoor complex theme parks. It is because although existing large-scale outdoor complex theme parks require the capital with the scale of hundreds of billion won and also high-level technique and the latest operational know-how that they have a great barrier for new entry as well as enormous risk, the rent indoor theme parks succeed in market entry with efficient risk management and flexible market strategies. Thereupon, this study examines the current status of the children's indoor theme park market with Korean characters as their theme as a new market among the indoor theme parks and also investigates the market strategies of this market in the two aspects of expansion: the expansion of Korean characters' property value and the expansion of the local theme park market. For that, this article reviewed the advanced researches on theme parks and divided the types of theme parks existing in Korea with the criteria of classification by space and theme or classification by main users. Also, among the children's indoor theme parks with Korean characters as their theme, this study visited five ones located in the capital area to examine the current status. And about two located in the capital area and also four in the local area, the current data were received from the persons in charge of the companies for analysis. Also, with the subjects of spectators visiting the 'DIBO VILLAGE, Cheonggye-cheon' newly opened on April 25th, 2012, the research on satisfaction was conducted for analysis. Through that, this study analyzed the structure of the existing children's indoor theme park business with Korean characters as their theme and suggested the ground to analyze the effectiveness of market strategies being implemented. It is expected that this study will establish the clues of systematic and profound discussion for the indoor theme park business that can be said to be the niche market of the theme park business and allow the small-scale areal indoor theme parks to be examined as a significant business model for the local theme park industry. In the aspect of character business as well, it is expected that this will give a chance to establish a new model of spatial storytelling expansion in terms of the property value of Korean animation characters.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.3-32
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• 2014

Safety Management System is the aviation industry policy for while operating the aircraft, to ensure the safety crew, aircraft and passengers. For operating a safe aircraft, in order to establish the international technical standards, the International Civil Aviation Organization has established the Annex 19 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation. As a result, member country was supposed to be in accordance with the policy of the International Civil Aviation Organization, to accept the international standard of domestic air law. The South Korean government announced that it would promote active safety management strategy in primary aviation policy master plan of 2012. And, by integrating and state safety programmes(ssp) and safety management system(sms) for the safe management of Annex 19 is to enforce the policy on aviation safety standards. State safety programmes(ssp) is a system of activities for the aim of strengthening the safety and integrated management of the activities of government. State safety programmes(ssp) is important on the basis of the data of the risk information. Collecting aviation hazard information is necessary for efficient operation of the state safety programmes(ssp) Korean government must implement the strategy required to comply with aviation methods and standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization. Airlines, must strive to safety features for safety culture construction and improvement of safety management is realized. It is necessary to make regulations on the basis of the aviation practice, for aviation safety regulatory requirements, aviation safety should reflect the opinion of the aviation industry.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

Purpose: Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) allows for the rapid prenatal diagnosis of common aneuploidies. The main advantages of this assay are its low cost, speed, and automation, allowing for large-scale application. However, despite these advantages, it is not a routine method for prenatal aneuploidy screening in Korea. Our objective in the present study was to validate the performance of QF-PCR using short tandem repeat (STR) markers in a Korean population as a means for rapid prenatal diagnosis. Material and Methods: A QF-PCR assay using an Elucigene kit (Gen-Probe, Abingdon, UK), containing 20 STR markers located on chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y, was performed on 847 amniotic fluid (AF) samples for prenatal aneuploidy screening referred for prenatal aneuploidy screening from 2007 to 2009. The results were then compared to those obtained using conventional cytogenetic analysis. To evaluate the informativity of STR markers, the heterozygosity index of each marker was determined in all the samples. Results: Three autosomes (13, 18, and 21) and X and Y chromosome aneuploidies were detected in 19 cases (2.2%, 19/847) after QF-PCR analysis of the 847 AF samples. Their results are identical to those of conventional cytogenetic analysis, with 100% positive predictive value. However, after cytogenetic analysis, 7 cases (0.8%, 7/847) were found to have 5 balanced and 2 unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities that were not detected by QF-PCR. The STR markers had a slightly low heterozygosity index (average: 0.76) compared to those reported in Caucasians (average: 0.80). Submicroscopic duplication of D13S634 marker, which might be a unique finding in Koreans, was detected in 1.4% (12/847) of the samples in the present study. Conclusion: A QF-PCR assay for prenatal aneuploidy screening was validated in our institution and proved to be efficient and reliable. However, we suggest that each laboratory must perform an independent validation test for each STR marker in order to develop interpretation guidelines of the results and must integrate QF-PCR into the routine cytogenetic laboratory workflow.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.23-39
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• 2017

This study began from the question, "is there a way to efficiently apply industrial demand in the university curriculum?" Research focused on how to actively accept and respond to the era of the NCS (National Competency Standards). In order to apply NCS to individual departments of the university, industrial personnel must positively participate to form a practical-level curriculum by the NCS, which can be linked to the work and qualifications. A valid procedure for developing a curriculum based on the NCS of this study is as follows: First, the university must select a specific classification of NCS considering the relevant industry outlook, the speciality of professors in the university, the relationship with regional industries and the prospects for future employment, and the need for industrial manpower. Second, departments must establish a type of human resource that compromises goals for the university education and the missions of the chosen NCS. In this process, a unique competency unit of the university that can support the basic or applied subjects should be added to the task model. Third, the task model based on the NCS should be completed through the verification of each competency unit considering the acceptance or rejection in the curriculum. Fourth, subjects in response to each competency units within the task model should be developed while considering time and credits according to university regulations. After this, a clear subject description of how to operate and evaluate the contents of the curriculum should be created. Fifth, a roadmap for determining the period of operating subjects for each semester or year should be built. This roadmap will become a basis for the competency achievement frame to decide upon the adoption of a Process Evaluation Qualification System. In order for the NCS to be successfully established within the university, a consensus on the necessity of the NCS should be preceded by professors, students and staff members. Unlike a traditional curriculum by professors, the student-oriented NCS curriculum is needed sufficient understanding and empathy for the many sacrifices and commitment of the members of the university.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.28
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• pp.153-179
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• 2011

Korea has been a victim of State supporting terrorism by North Korea even before international society realize the terrorism threats because of 9.11 in US. However, state supporting terrorism against South Korea by North Korea went along with East/West Cold War System by US and the Soviet Union. It is because socialism that Kim Il-sung who established a separate government in North Korea with the political, economic, social and military support of the Soviet Union selected as his political ideology justifies terrorism as the tool to complete the proletariat revolution. North Korea's state supporting terrorism is being operated systematically and efficiently by military of North Korea. It gives big worries to international society not only by performing terrorism against Korea but also by dispatching terrorists and exporting terrorism strategies to the third world countries. In this situation, terrorism against Korea has met a new transition point at 9${\cdot}$11 in US. As South Korea is confronting North Korea and the war has not ended but suspended, the alliance between US and Korea is more important than anything else. Because of this Korea decided to support the anti-terrorism wars against Afghanistan and Iraq of US and other western countries and send military force there. The preface of the anti-terrorism war has begun as such. On October 7, 2001, US and UK started to attack Afghanistan and Taleban government in Afghanistan was dethroned on December 7, 2001. US and western countries started a war against Iraq on March 20, 2003. On April 9, 2003 Baghdad, the capital of Iraq fell, and Saddam Hussein al-Majid al-Awja government was expelled. During the process, the terrorism threat against South Korea has expanded to Arab terrorists and terrorism organizations as well as North Korea. Consequently, although Korean government, scholars and working level public servants made discussions and tried to seek countermeasures, the damages are extending. Accordingly, terrorism against Korean companies in overseas after 9${\cdot}$11 were analyzed focusing on Nation, Region, Victimology, and Weapons used for the attacks. Especially, the trend of terrorism against the Korean companies in overseas was discussed by classifying them chronologically such as initiation and termination of anti-terrorism wars against Afghanistan and Iraq, and from the execution of Iraqi President, Saddam Hussein al-Majid al-Awja to December 2010. Through this, possible terrorism incidents after the execution of Osama bin Laden, the leader of Al-Qaeda, on May 2, 2011 were projected and proposals were made for the countermeasures.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.171-182
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• 2009

Conventionally, many pig producers have utilized a continual sow managements system that the matings, farrowings and weanings are done weekly basis. But this transitional method is not able to cut the cycle of diseases and fully apply all-in/all-out system because of the continuous flow of sows and pigs. Conventional weekly management system is currently limiting in small farm to work efficiently both for workers and pigs. Therefore, pig producers have found novel management methods for applying all-in/all-out system, improving pig health, leading to better growth, lowering mortality and reducing medication costs nowadays. Moreover, all-in/all-out pig management system has known as a strategy for improving productivity in swine farm. The batch system is one of the best management methods to adopt all-in/all-out pig management system that prevent spreading diseases in pig and remove cycle of diseases. Batch farrowing system is a concept for providing a group of sows that delivery within a specific farrowing interval and inducing a large enough scale of piglets to fill the weaner facilities. There are different types of batch farrowing system with batch size and interval of farrowing when several factors at the swine farm are considered such as total number of sows, available facilities in the farm, and the efficiency of workforce. Sow managements such as farrowing, weaning and breeding, every 3 weeks rather than weekly, 2 or 5-week interval have advantages for workers and reproductive cycle of sows as well as pig flow. Because there are several pros and cons both in weekly and batch management system, various factors should be considered to apply the most suitable management system in each individual farm. To improve poor swine productivity in Korea compared to ED, batch system for sows will be an alternative choice which is able to prevent high incidence of diseases in swine farm such as PMWS, PRRS, PRDC and PED because all-in/all-out pig management can be also applied automatically by using this management system.