• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2024

In many cases, fishing vessels operate on a schedule that leads to departure, sailing to the fishing spot, fishing, and sailing to the port of return. Consequently, most of the captains of fishing vessels operated on a single-person navigation duty system rarely have time to rest, resulting in frequent accidents owing to drowsy operation. In addition, accidents frequently occur when a tired captain leaves his duty to an unqualified seaman who does not have the basic knowledge of navigation and sleeps in the bedroom. This problem has been discussed for a long time; however, it has not been solved yet because of lack of proper countermeasures. As a measure to reduce these accidents, this article proposes a certification system for navigational-duty crew of fishing vessels.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2020

This study focused on the park as a space to support the behavior of urban citizens in modern society. Modern city parks are not spaces that play a specific role but are used by many people, so their function and meaning may change depending on the user's behavior. In addition, current online data may determine the selection of parks to visit or the usage of parks. Therefore, this study analyzed the change of behavior in Yeouido Park, Yeouido Hangang Park, and Yangjae Citizen's Forest from 2000 to 2018 by utilizing a time series analysis. The analysis method used Big Data techniques such as text mining and social network analysis. The summary of the study is as follows. The usage behavior of Yeouido Park has changed over time to "Ride" (Dynamic Behavior) for the first period (I), "Take" (Information Communication Service Behavior) for the second period (II), "See" (Communicative Behavior) for the third period (III), and "Eat" (Energy Source Behavior) for the fourth period (IV). In the case of Yangjae Citizens' Forest, the usage behavior has changed over time to "Walk" (Dynamic Behavior) for the first, second, and third periods (I), (II), (III) and "Play" (Dynamic Behavior) for the fourth period (IV). Looking at the factors affecting behavior, Yeouido Park was had various factors related to sports, leisure, culture, art, and spare time compared to Yangjae Citizens' Forest. The differences in Yangjae Citizens' Forest that affected its main usage behavior were various elements of natural resources. Second, the behavior of the target areas was found to be focused on certain main behaviors over time and played a role in selecting or limiting future behaviors. These results indicate that the space and facilities of the target areas had not been utilized evenly, as various behaviors have not occurred, however, a certain main behavior has appeared in the target areas. This study has great significance in that it analyzes the usage of urban parks using Big Data techniques, and determined that urban parks are transformed into play spaces where consumption progressed beyond the role of rest and walking. The behavior occurring in modern urban parks is changing in quantity and content. Therefore, through various types of discussions based on the results of the behavior collected through Big Data, we can better understand how citizens are using city parks. This study found that the behavior associated with static behavior in both parks had a great impact on other behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2014

The functions of urban open space, which embraces community revitalization, are diverse. It is the means of public healthcare, learning centers for children, hub of arts and cultural programs, as well as promoter of urban tourism. However, in-depth discourse and research on the topic of urban open spaces has been limited so far. Hence, this study aims to investigate the motivations and satisfaction of visitation based on four representative waterfront open space in Seoul; Cheongyecheon Waterfront, Seoul Forest Park, Seonyudo Park and Banpo Hangang Park. The methods of study are literature review, observation investigation, and questionnaire survey. The findings are analyzed through the Exploratory Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis, ANOVA Analysis and Regression Analysis by SPSS 18.0. The results of the study are as follows. First, urban waterfront open spaces in Seoul has 5 factors of visitor motivation; community amenity, nature access, cultural and educational assets, aesthetic enjoyment, and lastly means of escape. Second, factors of recognizing urban waterfront open spaces as community amenity and nature access indicate meaningful differences in visitor's perception by spatial characteristics. Third, distances between the destination and the visitor's residence influence significantly their perceived motivation. Close-range visitors perceived nature access as a principal factor, whilst medium to long-range visitors perceived visitation for aesthetic purposes more importantly. Lastly, the will to escape was shown as the influential factor in visitor satisfaction. Visiting open spaces for the enjoyment of nature and aesthetic purposes were factors that also closely relate to visitor satisfaction. In addition, it was found that there are different visitor motivations that influence visitor satisfaction in accordance with the spatial characteristics of each open space. In summary, it can be said that urban waterfront open space is a hybrid space connected to various types of urban contents beyond daily experiences. It was found that several visitor motivations including community development, design aesthetics, education and culture, entertainment, enjoyment of natural landscape, and relaxation, affect the overall satisfaction of the visiting experience. It is anticipated that the results of the study will be used by the local government in setting up strategies for the creation and management of successful urban waterfront open space, and for those involved in planning and design act as a starting point for spatial programming and amenities arrangement in accordance to the city's tourism and urban marketing approach.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.68-80
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• 2019

This study is to provide basic data for the user-oriented design for a middle school meditation forest in the future by analyzing the physical environment characteristics of existing middle school meditation forests, the users' utilization behavior, and the degree of the importance satisfaction. For this purpose, 24 evaluation indices based on site characteristics, naturalness, functionality, and the effectiveness of meditation forest sites were selected for analysis of importance satisfaction. We surveyed and analyzed the students and teachers of two middle schools 'A' and 'B' in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The results of this study are as follows. First, the perception and utilization rates of the meditation forests by students was significantly lower than teachers at both schools. 'A' school has a better use and recognition rate than the 'B' school. Second, the purposes of using meditation forests were rest (49.6%), weekday lunchtime (63.6%), with friends (65.0%) or colleagues (60%), and short (less than 10 minutes) rests (68.6%). They preferred flowers (30.0%) and shading plants (28.9%), mainly using shelters (57.9%) and walking trails (37.1%). Third, as a result of the importance of satisfaction analysis, the average score of the 24 items importance (3.81), higher than the satisfaction (3.62). The 24 items positioned in 4 quadrants are as follows: Nine items are in the I quadrant for 'persistent maintenance'. Three items are in the II quadrant for 'priority correction'. Seven items are in the quadrant III for 'low priority in the management and operation'. Five items are in the quadrant IV for 'avoid over effort'. For the comparison of two middle schools' satisfaction, 'A' school satisfaction was higher than 'B' school for 16 items, which showed a statistically significant difference. It is believed that the users in 'A' school are more satisfied than 'B' school because it has more forests and trails, better accessibility, and a variety of plant types and planting areas in the A school meditation forest. The results of the overall satisfaction analysis showed a significant difference between 'A' school (68.0%) and 'B' school (47.2%) as 'A' school has better shelters and trails. The rankings of the most satisfying space are walking trails (1st place) and shelters (2nd place). The reason for the highest satisfaction was for rest (stress relief and emotional support) in both 'A' and 'B' schools.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 2009

The aims of this study were wintering individuals, usage of foraging sites, potential food availability, daily activity and disturbance factors of White-naped Cranes Grus vipio on the wintering site, Han-river estuary, Goyang and Gimpo city, Korea. We want to provide basic data to conserve the cranes. Maxium population was identified 162 individuals at the middle of February in the river side and mud flat of this study area. Spring migration for breeding was started at the first week of March and finished for two weeks later. White-naped Cranes were used four feeding sites in winter; agricultural area in Hongdopyong, Yihwa-dong, Pyong-dong and Songpo-dong. Expected carrying capacity (ECC) was 334 days (121~909 days). White-naped Cranes departed from roosting site to feeding site at every morning for foraging. If they were disturbed by some factors at feeding sites, they moved to mud flat in the Han river to forage and take a rest. Daily activity was consisted of six category; feeding, alert, locomotion, preening, comfort, social and other behaviors. Feeding was the highest portion among behaviors in the wintering area. Feeding, alert, locomotion and preening in daily activities significantly differed among feeding sites. We watched total 348 times of disturbances in the wintering sites. Artificial disturbances were vehicles, humans, bicycles and motorcycles. Natural disturbances were noises, animals and others. Disturbances in all wintering sites were highest in Yihwa-dong (134 times) and followed by Hongdopyong (109 times), Songpo-dong (64 times) and then Pyong-dong (44 times). And artificial disturbances (228 times) were more than natural disturbances (120 times). Especially, vehicle was one of the most checked factor in the wintering area.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.73-87
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• 2004

This study was carried out on Sihwa reclaimed area from January to December in 2003. We observed total 169,351 individuals of 70 species(22 species of waders, 9 species of egrets and 5 species of gulls). Waterbird population was the largest in March(95,465 individuals) and was the smallest from April to June(less than 7,000 individuals). The most dominant species was Pintail(Anas acuta: 58,627 individuals, 34.6%) and other species were Mallards(Anas platyrhynchos: 24.5%), Common Pochards(Aythya ferina: 13.8%), Black-tailed Gulls(Larus crassirostris: 6.1%), Spotbill Ducks(Anas poecilorhyncha: 5.0%) and Greater Scaups(Aythya marila: 2.69%). Sihwa reclaimed area supported many kinds of protected species such as Chinese egrets(Egretta eulophotes), Black-faced Spoonbills(Platalea minor), Eurasian Spoonbills(Platalea leucorodia), Mute Swans(Cygnus olor), Whooper Swans(Cygnus cygnus), and Eurasian Oystercatchers(Haematopus ostralegus). They foraged at waterside of Sihwa lake and rested at reclaimed area. Particularly, Eurasian Oystercatchers bred in habitats with Salicornia herbacea and Suaeda japonica. Reclamation of mud flats and construction of roads, transmission towers and tide embankments disturbed waterbirds in breeding and foraging. We suggest that waterbirds are protected in different action plans according to their status such as breeding, passaging and wintering birds. Maintaining of waterside and swamps in Sihwa reclaimed area will be useful for breeding waterbirds. It is needed to make a protect zone for ecological connecting belt from Oeji isarea, Hyeong isarea, Eum isarea to upper channel on Sihwa lake.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.452-462
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• 2020

This study analyzed the impact of resilience on the job satisfaction of middle-aged employees and the meditating effect of retirement attitude. The survey was administered to 468 regular workers aged 40 or older in Seoul and the surrounding metropolitan area. This study utilized SPSS 19.0 statistical program, and multiple regression and mediated effect analyses were applied with descriptive statistics, reliability and validity of measurement tools to analyze differences between correlations and groups. First, male workers had higher self-regulation ability and job satisfaction than women. Female workers had higher old age rest than male ones. The higher the educational background, the higher the recognition of retirement as a new beginning, The longer the working years, the higher the self-regulation ability and job satisfaction. The higher the household income, the higher the positiveness. Second, the Resilience had a positive effect on job satisfaction. Third, resilience had had a negative impact on the forced frustration and a positive influence on the new beginning of retirement attitudes. Fourth, the forced frustration and new beginning showed mediating effects of resilience and job satisfaction. The study results confirmed the importance of resilience and demonstrated the need for measures to enhance resilience in order to reduce anxiety about retirement and increase job satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.2
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• pp.170-186
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• 2024

This study was conducted to identify the usage characteristics of the DMZ Punchbowl Trail (DPT) as a national forest trail (NFT) and to estimate its ripple effects on the local economy. The objective of this study is to provide policy implications for sustainable operational management. Out of the 500 questionnaires distributed, 215 respondents provided their complete travel itineraries and expenditures. The respondents, mainly aged 50 and above and residing in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, spend 3.5 hours of travel time to the DPT. Together with their families, the respondents typically spend approximately 4 hours for leisurely activities, primarily appreciation of scenic views and relaxation by visiting the "O-yubatgil." Furthermore, they extend their travels to other parts of Gangwon Province, where the DPT is situated. Within Gangwon Province, Yanggu County is the most visited destination. The respondents reported a notably higher average expenditure per visitor compared with the typical local walking tourists. Estimates show that the DPT generates an annual average of KRW 2.1 billion in direct expenditure (based on an average of 10,000 visitors for over five years), KRW 2.8 billion in production, and KRW 1.3 billion in added value, and it has created 40 jobs in Gangwon Province. The results of this study lies in empirically determining the specific economic scale and ripple effects of DPT as an NFT in the major sector, which occupies a significant portion of the Gangwon Province's local economy. The results will be instrumental in validating NFT policies and informing policy making for sustainable forest utilization.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 1985

It was measured to check the state of health education by the survey of the items related to the health with the first grade of students in middle school who mastered elementary courses. Totally 50 questions, which were selected from Standard and Dong-A reference books, were given to teachers and have got answered by the students who were totally 959(491 from urban areas and 468 from rural areas). It's done just after they entered middle school for a month, from April 10 to may 10, 1984. There were totally 782 items of health in all subjects of all grades. In contents, the most cases were about mental and emotional health(17.7%), exercise and rest (15.1%), environmental health, health life, personal health care, nutrition and foods, social health and organization, physiology and anatomy, statistics of public health population problem, disease and care, food sanitation, school health, parasitic and communicable disease control, eugenics and heredity(0.4%), etc were followed. In subjects, Korean language had 44.7% of mental and emotional health in 114 cases, arithmetics 46.4% of statistics of public health in 26, sociology, 23.1% of environmental health in 118, natural science, 60.1% of physiology and anatomy in 30, ethics, 40.3% of mental and emotional health in 176, music, 21.8% of mental and emotional health and accidents in 23, art, 42.9% of exercise and rest in 28, physical education, 38.6% of exercise and rest in 201, practical course, 36.2% of nutrition and foods in 61, and there was nothing but only one case in Korean history. Subjects in total cases of health informing items are below: Physical education 25.8, ethics 22.5%, sociology 15.1%, Korean language 14.6%, practical course 7.8%, natural science 3.8%, art 3.6%, arithmetics 3.3%, music 2.9%, Korean history 0.6%. Grades in total cases of health informing items are belows: the sixth grade 29.1%, the fourth grade 21.2%, the fifth grade 18.9%, the third grade 11.6%, the first grade 11.5%, the second grade 7.7%. The sections related to health matters were average 35.4%. According to the grades, the fourth and the sixth grade were 38.2% each other, the highest, and the second grade was 29.3%, the lowest. All scetions in physical education included them. The acceptability to the knowledge for health was belows: 56.3% in urban students and 53.9% in rural students. There was some difference in acceptability between two parties (p<0.005).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.454-462
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• 2012

This study was to research the effective use of green rooftop space, facilities and gardening, targeting members from community rehabilitation centers with disabilities. The three community rehabilitation centers studied were, Namyangju Center located in a rural area, Seoul Center located in a urban area and Siheung Center located in both a rural and urban area. We analyzed the difference in preference on the basis of each local community area. In fact, it indicated that 50% of each center knew about the green rooftop at their facilities and its use as a place for taking walks and conversation. It also showed that there was the high preference for priority objects such as a bench, pergola and trash can. Also the preference for natural visualizations like herbal or ornamental plants. The study showed a high preference to a small vegetable plot, hands on gardening and ecological wetland. It also indicated that there was a high preference for experience in nature programs on the rooftops (28.9 %) versus the rate of horticultural programs (27%). Therefore, it proves that the composition of a green rooftop at a community rehabilitation center should be differentiated so that the green rooftop can be a place not only for resting, but also great for a natural learning experience and gardening therapy for people with disabilities.