• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 2007

The olfactory function of subjects could be different due to various factors such as aging, and such discrepancies influence on the olfactory sensibility. Therefore, the objectives of this study was to investigate changes of olfactory sensibility characteristics and structure in relation to the consideration of olfactory threshold of subject. Stimulants of this study were five standard odor samples of T&T olfactometer, and thirty undergraduates over than 19 years old were tested twice during this study In experiment 1, subjects were given to odor samples which were controlled on the basis of individual olfactory threshold. Whereas, subjects were provided with uncontrolled odor samples which had the same concentration(+1) in experiment 2. Olfactory sensibility characteristics were significantly different with presentation types of odor samples, and these gaps were more higher on condition that the preference of odor sample was not distinct. Moreover, such differences affected the olfactory sensibility structure, and 'esthetic sense', 'intensity', and 'activity' were common factors, but 'friendship' of experiment 1 and 'weight' of experiment 2 were unique factors. In conclusion, the olfactory sensibility characteristics and structure could be different with consideration of olfactory threshold of subject. Overall, this study suggest that the olfactory function and the presentation method of odor sample be regarded as principal consideration factors in the olfactory sensibility evaluation.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.403-410
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine whether olfactory stimulation would improve spasticity, balance ability and quality of life in stroke patients. Twenty-one stroke patients were recruited and were randomly divided into two groups: olfactory stimulation group (n=10) and sham stimulation group (n=11). Participants in both groups received conventional physical therapy for 30 minutes before the intervention. Additionally, subject in the olfactory stimulation group performed olfactory stimulation using lavender oil for 6 minutes (2 minx3 set), five times a week for two weeks, while the sham stimulation group conducted olfactory stimulation using water for the same amount of time. Composite-Spasticity-Score was used to assess spasticity level of ankle plantar-flexors. Dynamic balance was measured using a TUG. Postural-sway distance was measured using a force platform. Quality of life were measured by SF-36. There was no significant difference within group and between the groups in the spasticity. Significant improvement in postural-sway and TUG were observed in the olfactory stimulation group compared to the sham stimulation group (p<0.05). The Mental Componnt Summary of the SF 36 in the olfactory stimulation group improved significantly greater than the sham stimulation group (p<0.05). Our findings indicate that olfactory stimulation is beneficial and effective to improve balance ability and quality of life in stroke patients.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.1698-1699
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• 2011

본 연구는 압전 마이크로캔틸레버 및 생체물질 리셉터를 이용한 인공 후각 장치에 대한 연구이다. 기존의 인공 후각 장치는 폴리머 리셉터를 이용하여 선택적인 감별이 어려웠으나, 본 연구에서 적용된 펩타이드 바이오폴리머 리셉터의 적용을 통해 DNT가스에만 선택적으로 결합하는 후각센서의 개발이 가능하였으며, 이를 통해 인공후각 시스템의 응용가능성에 대해 논하고자 한다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1081-1091
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure and the glycoconjugate properties of the olfactory mucosa in the rat after inhalation of xylene. Sprague-Dawley male rats were inhalated 300 ppm xylene for 5 times with 5 hours exposure. The olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavity was taken from the animals on 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days after inhalation of xylene. The properties of the glycoconjugates in the olfactory mucosa were investigated using 10 biotinylated lectins: (PSA, UEA I, PHA-L, GSL I B4, GSL I, PNA, ECL, SBA, GSL II, and sWGA). In the experimental groups, degenerative changes of the olfactory epithelium were observed until 20 days after inhalation of xylene. In the control group, the olfactory cells in the olfactory epithelium reacted with PSA, UEA I, PNA, SBA, and sWGA, the supporting cells reacted with PSA, PHA-L, GSL I, PNA, ECL, SBA, GSL II, and sWGA, and the Bowman's glands reacted with all 10 lectins. In the experimental groups, the reactivity to PSA, PNA, and SBA in the olfactory cells were decreased, and the reactivity to PSA, PNA, SBA, and GSL II in the supporting cells were decreased. And in the Bowman's gland, the reactivity to PSA, UEA I, GSL I, and sWGA were decreased. Conclusively, the olfactory mucosa was shown a lot of changes in the structure through degenerative process and in the properties of the glycoconjugates after inhalation of xylene. These results suggest that the sugar residues of the glycoconjugates in the olfactory mucosa can be changed by xylene inhalation.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.209-214
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• 2003

후각은 현대 서구 문화에서 가장 과소평가 되는 감각일 것이다. 1) 냄새는 명명하거나 객관적으로 측정하거나 똑같이 재생하기 어려운 현상이기에, 후각의 영역은 대체로 주관적 묘사와 정서적 기억에 의존한다. 실증주의, 과학ㆍ기술ㆍ발전에 대한 믿음이 강화될수록 냄새는 침묵당해 왔으며, 특히 서구의 지식 엘리트에 의해 그 중요성이 평가되어 왔다. 지리학 분야 역시 이런 경향에서 자유롭지 않을 것이다. (중략)

• The Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.10 s.377
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• pp.37-39
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• 2000

먹는 음시이나 마시는 술을 양으로 따지는 한국 사람들은 다른나라 사람보다 후각이 둔한 편이다. 기원 초 로마시대엔 향료가 인간의 쾌락용으로 유럽 상류사회에서는 신분 과시용 악세사리로 애용되었다. 최근 일본에서는 노인체취를 제거하는 향수를 개발했다고 발표하여 화제를 모으고 있다는데. 우리도 무디어진 후각을 살려내어 우리에게 맞는 향을 개발해 생활을 풍요롭게 하는 노력이 아쉽다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.309-312
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 비젼 시스템과 후각 센서를 이용하여 모바일 로봇의 냄새 발생지 탐색 기능을 구현 하였다. 모바일 로봇에서의 비젼 시스템은 많은 연구가 진행되어진 센싱 방식이지만, 후각 기능은 새롭게 지능 시스템의 센싱 방식으로 주목 받고 있는 추세이다. 이에 본 논문은 이전까지의 연구에서 보여준 임베디드 시스템에서의 가스 센싱 기능 구현을 벗어나 신경망 알고리즘을 이용하여 냄새를 구별 할 수 있는 후각 기능을 구현 하였으며, 비젼 시스템과 후각 센서의 복합적인 알고리즘을 통하여 냄새 발생지를 탐색하는 방법을 제시하였다. 또한 이를 실험하기 위해 AMOR(Autonomous Mobile Olfactory Robot)을 구현하여 남새 발생지 탐색 알고리즘의 효용성을 입증 하였다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 1998

중추신경계돠 자율신경계에 나타난 후각에 의한 감성변화를 측정하기 위해 후각자극은 0.6% 오렌지향과 2.5% valeric acid를 수증기로 포화시키는 후각 자극기를 통해 일정 flow와 농도로 시행하였다. 대조자극은 방안 공기로 향자극 전후에 시행하였으며 뇌파자극은 international 10-20 systim에서 4채널을 사용하였다. 이외에 ECG, EOG, heart rate, skin conductance와 respiration를 기록하였고 뇌파분석은 fast Fourier tuansform analysis의 power spectra로 하였다. 그 frequency banes는 delta(0-4.5Hz), theta(4.5-7Hz)은 쾌하고 친숙하게 valeric acid는 불쾌하고 성가시게 평가되었다. 뇌파분석에서 쾌와 불쾌 자극간의 차이는 PG2-A2 channel 에서 alphal의 자극전후의 차이를 나타내었으며 불유쾌한 자극에서는 모든 channel alphal, alpha2와 beta파 증가를 보였다. 또한 heart rate, galvaric skin resistance는 쾌자극에서 감소양상을 나타내었으며 불쾌자극에서는 반대경향을 보였다. 호흡에서는 쾌자극에서 호흡수 감소경향과 input/output amplitude dutation와 duration의 증가경향을 보였으며 불쾌자극에서는 반대양상을 보였다. 결론적으로 쾌와 불쾌 후각자극으로 감성변화를 뇌파와 자율신경계에서 볼 수 있었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2003

The present study was designed to demonstrate ionic zinc in the rat nasal mucosa by means of zinc selenium autometallography ($ZnSe^{AMG}$). Rats were given sodium selenide either intraperitoneally (i.p) or intranasally (i.n). Prior to the i.n. administration the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg, i.p.). A thin plastic tube coupled to a Hamilton syringe was then inserted into the right nostril and $10{\mu}l$ of the solution was instilled. For the i.p. administration non-anesthetized rats were given $100{\mu}l$ of the sodium selenide solution (10 mg/kg). Control rats were instilled with saline. After 2 hrs survival, the rats were anaesthetized and transcardially perfused with 3% glutaraldehyde. The olfactory area was removed and put into same fixative. The nose was then sectioned ($30{\mu}m$) horizontally, autometallography (AMG) was performed according to Danscher et al. (1997). After silver enhancement, fine AMG grains were scattered in the whole length of the olfactory epithelium containing olfactory receptor neurons, sustentacular and basal cells. However, much higher concentration of the AMG grains occupied near the surface and in the basal region of the olfactory epithelium. Both groups of i.p. and i.n. administration showed almost same level in the concentration of the AMG grains. In i.n. group, few AMG grains were also found in olfactory nerves of the lamina propria, suggesting zinc transport into the olfactory bulb via olfactory axons. At the electron microscopic level, the AMG grains were most entirely found in the supporting cells of the olfactory epithelium, and they were mostly localized in lysosome-like organelles. The i.n. group showed various signs of tissue damage of the olfactory mucosa, where dense concentration of AMG grains were localized at crystalloid structures. The present study demonstrated dense population of ionic zinc in the rat olfactory epithelium. zinc may play a role in the olfactory functioin and in the pathogenesis of the neurodegerative disorders affecting nose.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.34 no.6 s.277
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• pp.59-70
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• 2007