• Bulletin of Korea Environmental Preservation Association
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• v.26 no.5_6
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• pp.21-23
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• 2004

환경은 일단 한번 파괴되면 그 원상회복이 거의 불가능하고 또한 복구에 막대한 비용이 소요되어 궁극적으로는 경제활동을 제약하게 되므로 환경문제에 효율적으로 대처하기 위해서는 환경오염에 대한 사전예방의 노력이 매우 중요하다.<중략>

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.51-70
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• 2021

This study measured the environmental efficiency of 21 international airports based on sustainability reports issued by each airport for 2018. As many sectors in the industry paid attention to social and environmental responsibilities, airport operators comprise one of the leading sectors that streamlined their facilities to become increasingly sustainable and environmental. Nevertheless, studies on the environmental operations of airports are insufficient compared with studies on economic or operational efficiency. Therefore, the current study aims to determine any possible improvement in the environmental inefficiency of airports with the utilization of directional distance function (DDF) and to examine operational efficiency with the application of the data envelopment analysis (DEA). The majority of airports have operated their facilities efficiently, but not all have effectively managed pollutants generated by airports. Furthermore, many airports can still potentially reduce CO₂ and water consumption. This study suggests several implementable environmental improvements to the aviation sector. Moreover, other industrial sectors may use the research as a benchmark for enhancing environmental efficiency.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.3-49
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• 2014

Growing interest of stakeholders on corporate responsibilities for environment and tightening environmental regulations are highlighting the importance of environmental management more than ever. However, companies' awareness of the importance of environment is still falling behind, and related academic works have not shown consistent conclusions on the relationship between environmental performance and economic performance. One of the reasons is different ways of measuring these two performances. The evaluation scope of economic performance is relatively narrow and the performance can be measured by a unified unit such as price, while the scope of environmental performance is diverse and a wide range of units are used for measuring environmental performances instead of using a single unified unit. Therefore, the results of works can be different depending on the performance indicators selected. In order to resolve this problem, generalized and standardized performance indicators should be developed. In particular, the performance indicators should be able to cover the concepts of both environmental and economic performances because the recent idea of environmental management has expanded to encompass the concept of sustainability. Another reason is that most of the current researches tend to focus on the motive of environmental investments and environmental performance, and do not offer a guideline for an effective implementation strategy for environmental management. For example, a process improvement strategy or a market discrimination strategy can be deployed through comparing the environment competitiveness among the companies in the same or similar industries, so that a virtuous cyclical relationship between environmental and economic performances can be secured. A novel method for measuring eco-efficiency by utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is able to combine multiple environmental and economic performances, is proposed in this report. Based on the eco-efficiencies, the environmental competitiveness is analyzed and the optimal combination of inputs and outputs are recommended for improving the eco-efficiencies of inefficient firms. Furthermore, the panel analysis is applied to the causal relationship between eco-efficiency and economic performance, and the pooled regression model is used to investigate the relationship between eco-efficiency and economic performance. The four-year eco-efficiencies between 2010 and 2013 of 23 companies are obtained from the DEA analysis; a comparison of efficiencies among 23 companies is carried out in terms of technical efficiency(TE), pure technical efficiency(PTE) and scale efficiency(SE), and then a set of recommendations for optimal combination of inputs and outputs are suggested for the inefficient companies. Furthermore, the experimental results with the panel analysis have demonstrated the causality from eco-efficiency to economic performance. The results of the pooled regression have shown that eco-efficiency positively affect financial perform ances(ROA and ROS) of the companies, as well as firm values(Tobin Q, stock price, and stock returns). This report proposes a novel approach for generating standardized performance indicators obtained from multiple environmental and economic performances, so that it is able to enhance the generality of relevant researches and provide a deep insight into the sustainability of environmental management. Furthermore, using efficiency indicators obtained from the DEA model, the cause of change in eco-efficiency can be investigated and an effective strategy for environmental management can be suggested. Finally, this report can be a motive for environmental management by providing empirical evidence that environmental investments can improve economic performance.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.329-365
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to measure economy and environment efficiencies under fossil fuel and environment regulation by countries for 2000-2009. Distinguishing 83 countries with three groups of OECD, upper-middle, and low countries, we compare four models such as environment oriented, economy-oriented, environment-economy oriented, and two-stage types, which include a desirable output, GDP and an undesirable output, pollutant together in the production possibility set. OECD countries relatively showed high economy efficiency and low environment efficiency, whereas Non-OECD countries showed high environment efficiency and low economy efficiency. OECD countries reported a higher possibility to reduce fossil fuel and $CO_2$ emission.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.375-381
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• 2022

The DEA-BCC model. And the Malmquist index have been used, from static and dynamic perspectives, to measure the eco-efficiency of 30 cities and provinces in China from 2011 to 2020. The results shows that: the average static eco-efficiency of 30 cities and provinces in China is 0.643. Differences exists all over China. While Shanghai and Beijing are ecologically efficient, other 28 cities and provinces are faced with different extents of inefficiency. There are also differences among regions, which generally show the spatial distribution pattern with high efficiency in the eastern regions while low in the western regions. The Malmquist index of eco-efficiency in total 30 cities and provinces shows a healthy growth trend, and the technological progress. Acts as its main driving force. Therefore, eastern regions should enhance the. radiation capacity, strengthen the synergy among regions, give full play to. The advantages of each regions. It is sensible to improve the eco-efficiency by means of optimizing the industrial structure, enhancing the technological level and improving eco-efficiency of China and realizing green development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.317-319
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• 2018

최근 인터넷을 통한 UHD (Ultra High Definition) 스트리밍 서비스의 수요가 증가했으며 네트워크에 효율적으로 비디오 스트리밍 서비스를 제공하기 위해 HTTP 적응적 스트리밍 (HTTP Adaptive Streaming, HAS) 서비스가 등장하였다. 그러나 HTTP 적응적 스트리밍은 세그먼트의 ON-OFF 패턴으로 인해 다중 클라이언트 환경에서 공정성 (Fairness), 안정성 (Stability), 효율성 (Efficiency)을 저하시키는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 다수의 HAS 클라이언트 환경에서 공정성, 안정성, 효율성을 향상시키기 위한 홈 공유기에서 인코딩 비트율 기반의 대역폭 할당 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 OFF 구간을 줄이기 위해 인코딩 비트율에 맞추어 할당할 대역폭을 결정함으로써 안정적인 스트리밍을 보장한다. 실험을 통해 다중 HAS 클라이언트 환경에서 공정성, 안정성 및 효율성이 향상된 것을 확인하였다.

• 지역과문화
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.77-104
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• 2019

This study examines the efficiency of using local cultural resources in local governments. The study does so by DEA(Data Envelope Analysis) using data from the year 2017 for 17 local governments in Korea. In addition, this study tries to estimate environmental efficiency of local cultural resources. For this, the 'Total Efficiency' including the output variables related to the local cultural resource environment was analyzed. After than It compared the 'Total Efficiency' with the 'Utilization Efficiency', to estimate the 'Environmental Efficiency' of local cultural resources. The followings are results which are significant statistically. Firstly, it was evaluated that five of the 17 local governments utilized the local cultural resources efficiently. Secondly, it was result that the inefficiency of the other local governments was relatively influenced by the economies of scale than PTE(Pure Technical Efficiency). Thirdly, It has been confirmed that environmental aspects such as cultural properties and cultural infrastructure have a considerable impact on the increase or decrease of efficiency in local governments. The difference in the efficiency of local governments are influenced by the population density. In order to improve the efficiency in the future, it is necessary to adjust the appropriate level of input according to the local population estimate, which is a major consumer of the local cultural resource utilization. In addition, the local festivals and village festivals held by local governments should be checked to improve in quality by eliminating inefficiencies. Also, it should be considered of environmental factors together, when analyzing the efficiency of the local cultural resource in local governments.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.307-327
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• 2017

Ecological efficiency is an important index measuring and reflecting the sustainable development level of economy, resources and environment in a region. This paper makes an empirical study on the ecological efficiency of 31 provinces in China in 2014 with the three-stage DEA model. The results show that the three indexes, the total investment in environmental governance (Unit: hundred million Yuan), the second industry proportion(%), and per capita automobile ownership (car/ten thousand people) functioning as the external environmental variables have significantly impacted the regional ecological efficiency. Excluding the impact of the external environment and statistical noise, the technical efficiency of regional ecological efficiency has increased from 0.526 to 0.639, and the pure technical efficiency has increased from 0.650 to 0.858, with the scale efficiency decreased from 0.833 to 0.740, accurately reflecting the regional ecological efficiency level. 31 Chinese provinces are classified into four different types according to the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Every region shall, according to the characteristics of its efficiency, emphasize differently on improving the management level or expanding the scale of production so as to improve the ecological efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.409-412
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• 2005

비즈니스 전략 및 환경이 정적인 환경에서 동적인 환경으로 변화의 필요성이 요구되는 유비쿼터스 환경에 제공되는 서비스가 언제, 어디서나, 쉽게 접근하기 위한 이동성을 제공하기 위한 기술로 모바일 서비스의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 현재 웹 서비스에서 사용하고 있는 요청-응답방식의 모바일 환경에서 일관성을 유지하기 힘들다. 서비스 지향 아키텍처를 기반으로 이동성을 고려한 아키텍처를 정의할 필요가 있다. 따라서 에이전트 컴퓨팅 아키텍처에 의해 상호운영성이 높은 모바일 에이전트 컴퓨팅을 통하여 모바일 환경에서 사용자의 접근을 용이하게 하고 컴포넌트를 이용한 개발의 효율성을 향상시킬 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 정의된 모바일 에이전트 컴퓨팅 아키텍처에 기반으로 하여 다양한 PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) 서비스들 중 하나를 사례연구로 들어 분석 및 설계를 한다. 그리고 컴포넌트 기반한 모바일 에이전트를 통해 모바일 환경에서 PDA를 통한 컨텐츠 서비스가 원할히 되는 효율성을 기대하게 된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.181-184
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• 2001

이동컴퓨팅 환경에서의 전자지불 시스템은 연산능력과 저장장치의 효율성을 고려하여 설계하여야 한다. 소액지불시스템은 효율성을 강조하여 설계된 지불시스템으로 이동컴퓨팅 환경에 적합한 프로토콜이다. 그러나 대부분의 경우 서명을 위해 공개키 연산이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 해쉬체인을 사용하는 소액지불시스템을 기반으로 사용자의 저장 용량에 대한 공간 효율성을 제공함과 동시에 공개키 연산을 사용하지 않는 소액지불시스템을 제안한다.