• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.211-222
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• 2004

Lately construction industry tends to prefer remodeling of existing buildings rather than new construction or reconstruction of buildings due to strengthening of several restriction related to real estates along with prolonged depression. And also, remodeling of building costs less and creates less wastes compared to reconstruction and so it is more profitable in financial and environmental view. However remodeling is process of creating new environment with existing building. Therefor remodeling must follow the procedure realizing problem and fix the problem based on through investigation on existing building and users requirement must be faithfully reflected. Specially in case of apartment houses, since vagueness on ownership and management authority on common parts exists. Hereupon, in this study we are to present the procedure of analyzing apartment house remodeling method through user requirement by approaching to several considerable factors in user request side.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.303-313
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• 2007

Various commercial catalysts used in chemical related applications have been disposed as an industrial waste when the catalytic activity of catalysts is not good enough to achieve an optimum yield. In addition, the amount of disposed three way catalysts (TWC) has been continuously increased. Considering the physicochemical, environmental, and economical characteristics, the deactivated spent catalysts can be treated in several alternative ways such as regeneration, recycling, and disposal. In view of the environmental and economical matters, the spent catalyst should be regenerated and used for the various purposes, although its activity is not as good as a fresh catalyst. On the other hand, spent catalysts containing noble and metal oxides can be applicable for the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by applying the proper treatment method. Therefore in this review the quantity of the spent catalysts and the available regeneration methods for the spent catalysts are briefly summarized and especially the proper regeneration method for applying the catalytic oxidation of VOCs and its results are introduced.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.553-556
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• 2009

This research aims at the recovery of valuable resource and more efficient waste treatment through solving the problem of pyrolysis technique. At first, in order to raise the economical efficiency, the low temperature pyrolysis experiment was carried out at the temperature of $450^{\circ}C$, which is lower than the common pyrolysis temperature area ($500{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$). We could lower the reaction temperature and reduce the reaction time by using catalyst. Also we used indirect heat for the purpose of maintaining favorable anoxic condition. As a result, we could raise the recovery rate of the valuable copper and synthetic fuel oil. Furthermore, the by-products and flue gas could be treated more effectively as well. The flue gas passed through two stage neutralization tank, so that dioxin hardly occurs and other environment items are controlled fairly well to the environmental standard. Throughout this study, we produced the low temperature pyrolysis equipment (GTPK-001) as mentioned above, and we found out that the technique can be commercialized economically as well as environmentally friendly.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.664-668
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• 2016

The contamination in soil, underground water and river environment became serious due to illegal waste dumping. In this study, our research group analyzed the oil species of illegally disposed oils from J City. After pretreating the mixture of oil, water and solid phases to obtain homogeneous phase components, the physical property analysis, atom analysis, and gas chromatography were performed. From the results showing 11.8% of oxygen content, $-6^{\circ}C$ of pour point and chromatogram pattern. the contaminated oil was identified as a vegetable one. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was also performed in order to know what kind of vegetable oil was, and the ratio of LLO, OOL and POL was found to be high indicating that the disposed oil is majorly the used soybean oil with some vegetable oil mixtures. This study can be used for identifying contaminators for oils from the illegal waste dumping.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2020

The plastic waste problem is deepening all over the world. Plastic wastes have serious impacts on our lives as well as environ- mental pollution. The production and use of plastics increases every year, but once they are produced, they usually roam the earth for hundreds or thousands of years to pollute the environment. Although there is growing interest in plastic issues around the world and environmental regulations are being tightened, but no clear solution has yet been found. This study suggests Environmental degradation index (EDI). EDI can help raise consumers' attention to plastic wastes. In addition, EDI will contribute to reduce them in the future. As far as we know, this is the first study. We developed EDI for the confectionery packaging. This study defines four factors that may affect the environment of confectionery packaging: greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, methane emissions, and packaging space ratio. Then we quantify the value of each element and compute EDI as the sum of the four component values. In order to evaluate the feasibility of EDI proposed in this study, confectionery-packaging materials distributed in Korea were collected and analyzed. First, the types of confectionery are classified into pies, biscuits, and snacks and basic data was collected. Then the values of the four components were calculated using existing research data on the environment. We can use the proposed EDI to determine how much a product packing affects the environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.85-92
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• 2008

Demolition work is a precedence activity that is performed earlier than other remodeling activities. And demolition work is one of the critical path activities. So, demolition work is needed for systematic plan and management. However, contractors of the remodeling project established a rough plan and did not consider recycling wastes, safety of workers and structural stable of building. To improve this problem, a eco-friend process model of remodeling project is needed to be established. The process model is composed of five phases; 1) survey and analysis of general condition of demolition work, 2) prepare documents of demolition work 3) establishing demolition work plan, 4) demolition and inspection, 5) post-demolition management. Especially, demolition documents are based on establishing WBS, selecting the equipment and method, waste management and structure reinforcement. A process model of eco-friend demolition work is developed by using IDEF0 method.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.11 no.1_2
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• pp.31-39
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• 1996

Leachate from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill, effluent from leachate treatment plant, and ground water sample from a monitoring well near landfill site were tested for an acute toxicity. Microtox toxicity test was used for testing the acute toxicity of leachate and other samples. EC$_{50}$ values which a concentration of pollutant for reducing 50% light output from luminescent bacteria, Photobacterium phosphoreum were determined to assess the toxicity of pollutants as well as the relative toxicity. In addition, characteristics of leachate were studied and compared to those of phenol and pentachlorophenol (PCP) which are typical aquatic toxic pollutants. For leachate, EC$_{50}$ for 30 min incubation was 10.8%, while for phenol and PCP, 46 ppm and 1.2 ppm, respectively. the relative toxicity of treated leachate by in situ aeration with activated sludge was reduced to more than 75% of toxicity of the untreated leachate. Microtox toxicity test was failed to figure out EC$_{50}$ values for groundwater from a monitoring well since the relative toxicity of the unconcentrated sample was too low to estimate EC$_{50}$. Addition of activated carbon to leachate was reduced the relative toxicity. The reduction Pattern of the relative toxicity of leachate by mechanical aeration was similar to that of PCP, but different from that of phenol. These findings suggest that the toxicity of leachate may come from PCP-like toxic compounds rather than phenol-like one. In conclusion, the process of aeration with activated sludge might be very important to reduce the environmental toxicity of leachate. And Microtox test could be a reasonable bioassay for screening and monitoring the environmental toxicity of leachate from municipal solid waste landfill as well as for determining the reduction efficiency of the leachate toxicity by various treatment processes in leachate treatment plant.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2009

Toxicity of ocean dumping wastes(dye waste, urban sewage, food waste) were examined by observing fertilization and embryo development rates of the Sea Urchin, Strongylocentrotus nudus. Spawning was induced by injecting 1 mL of 0.5 M KCl into coelomic cavity. Males released white or cream-colored sperms and females released yellow or orange-colored eggs. Experiments were began within 30 min after the collection of both gametes. The fertilization and embryo development rates tests were performed for 10 min and 48 h after fertilization, respectively. The fertilization and embryo development rates in the control condition(not including ocean dumping wastes sludge elutriate) were greater than 90%, but markedly decreased with increasing concentrations of ocean dumping waste sludge elutriate. The fertilization and normal embryogenesis rates were significantly inhibited in all waste sludge elutriate from dye waste($EC_{50}$=5.76; $EC_{50}$=4.53), urban sewage($EC_{50}$=9.82; $EC_{50}$=9.67) and food waste($EC_{50}$=3.90; $EC_{50}$=3.27), respectively. The NOEC(>3.13%) and LOEC(3.13%) of fertiliztion and normal embryogenesis rates very similar in all waste sludge elutriate. These results suggest biological assay using the fertilization and embryo development rates of S. nudus are very useful test method for the ecological toxicity assessment of ocean dumping wastes.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 2015

This study is basic experiment which prevents indiscriminate reclamation and recycles the wasted tire in order to solve environmental pollution according to generation rate of the wasted tire from recently industrial development. By applying as the substitute material of the lightweight aggregate among the constructional materials in order to evaluate the lightness of the wasted tire chip and suggest the recycling plan of the wasted tire chip. The prior experiment did the replacement ratio of the wasted tire with 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, etc. and made a study on the strength and density properties. Based on the prior experiment of wasted tire, the replacement ratio was fixed at 15, 20, 25%, particle size of wasted tire was fixed at 0.2, 0.8, 1~2, 3~5, 5~7(mm). As a result, it is supposed that the best replacement ratio and particle size are 15% and 1~2mm, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1744-1751
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• 2017

We are striving to strengthen environmental regulations and reduce household waste in all countries around the world. Korea is also striving for the circulation of energy resources by enacting laws to promote resource saving and recycling. The government has implemented an empty bottle deposit system for the recycling of empty bottles, but there is a limit to the collection through manpower and the reverse vending machine is not localized. In this paper, we propose a recyclable bottle recognition and classification algorithm which is essential in the reverser vending machine to promote energy resource circulation. The proposed algorithm is a complex identification algorithm using OpenCV and CNN(Convolution Neural Network). In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, we implement a classification system that operates in an reverse vending machine, so that it can easily acquire information about bottles and reverse vending machine in various devices.