Toxicity Assessment of Ocean Dumping Wastes Using Fertilization and Embryo Development Rates in the Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus)

둥근성게(Strongylocentrotus nudus)의 수정 및 배 발생률을 이용한 해양배출 폐기물의 독성평가

  • Hwang, Un-Ki (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Rhee, Choong-Won (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Kim, Kwang-Seop (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Kim, Hyoung-Choul (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • An, Kyoung-Ho (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Park, Seung-Youn (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute)
  • 황운기 (서해수산연구소 환경연구과) ;
  • 이충원 (서해수산연구소 환경연구과) ;
  • 김광섭 (서해수산연구소 환경연구과) ;
  • 김형철 (서해수산연구소 환경연구과) ;
  • 안경호 (서해수산연구소 환경연구과) ;
  • 박승윤 (서해수산연구소 환경연구과)
  • Published : 2009.03.31

Abstract

Toxicity of ocean dumping wastes(dye waste, urban sewage, food waste) were examined by observing fertilization and embryo development rates of the Sea Urchin, Strongylocentrotus nudus. Spawning was induced by injecting 1 mL of 0.5 M KCl into coelomic cavity. Males released white or cream-colored sperms and females released yellow or orange-colored eggs. Experiments were began within 30 min after the collection of both gametes. The fertilization and embryo development rates tests were performed for 10 min and 48 h after fertilization, respectively. The fertilization and embryo development rates in the control condition(not including ocean dumping wastes sludge elutriate) were greater than 90%, but markedly decreased with increasing concentrations of ocean dumping waste sludge elutriate. The fertilization and normal embryogenesis rates were significantly inhibited in all waste sludge elutriate from dye waste($EC_{50}$=5.76; $EC_{50}$=4.53), urban sewage($EC_{50}$=9.82; $EC_{50}$=9.67) and food waste($EC_{50}$=3.90; $EC_{50}$=3.27), respectively. The NOEC(>3.13%) and LOEC(3.13%) of fertiliztion and normal embryogenesis rates very similar in all waste sludge elutriate. These results suggest biological assay using the fertilization and embryo development rates of S. nudus are very useful test method for the ecological toxicity assessment of ocean dumping wastes.

Keywords

References

  1. 해양수산부. 폐기물 해양배출 종합관리시스템(IV), 2007
  2. APHA, Awwa and Wef. Standard methods for the examination of waterand wastewater. American public health association, American water works association, Water environment federation, Washington, DC, USA 1995
  3. ASTM. Standard guide for acute toxicity test with rotifer Brachionus, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, USA 1996
  4. Greenwood PJ. The influence of an oil dispersant chemserve OSE-DH on the viability of sea urchin gametes. Combined effects of temperature, concentration and exposure time on fertilization, Aqua Toxicol 1983; 4: 15-29 https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(83)90058-9
  5. Han TJ, Han YS, Park GS and Lee SM. Development of marine ecotoxicological standard methods for Ulva sporulation test, Kor J Soc Oceanography 2008; 13(2): 121-128
  6. Hwang UK, Lee CW, Lee SM, An KH and Park SY. Effects of salinity and standard toxic metals (Cu, Cd) on fertilization and embryo development rates in the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus), J Environ Sci 2008; 17(7): 775-781 https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2008.17.7.775
  7. ISO. Water quality-marine algae growth inhibition test with Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum triocornutum. International Organization for Standardization, ISO 1995, 7pp
  8. Kobayashi N. Comparative toxicity of various chemicals, oil extracts and oil dispersant to Canadian and Japanese sea urchin eggs, Publs Setomar Biol 1980; 27: 76-84
  9. Lee JS, Lee SM and Park GS. Development of sediment toxicity test protocols using Korea indigenous marine benthic amphipods, Kor J Soc Ocean 2008; 13(2): 147-155
  10. Lee SM, Park GS, An KH, Park SY and Lee SH. Application of the ecotoxicological standard method using population growth inhibition of marine phytoplankton, Kor J Soc Ocean 2008; 13(2): 112-120
  11. Lee SM, Park GS, Yoon SJ, Kang SY and Oh JH. Development of ecotoxicological standard methods using early life stage of marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus, Kor J Soc Ocean 2008; 13(2): 129-139
  12. NIWA. Marine algae (Dunaliella tertiolecta) chronic toxicity test protocol, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 1998, 30pp
  13. Park GS, Kang JC, Yoon SJ, Lee SM and Hwang UK. Establishment of marine ecotoxicological standard method for larval fish survival test, Kor J Soc Ocean 2008; 13(2): 140-146
  14. Pagono G, Cipollaro M, Corsale G, Esposito A, Ragucciand E and Giordano GG. pH-induced changes in mitotic and developmental patterns in sea urchin embryogenesis, I. Exposure of embryos, Teratogenesis Carcinog Mutagen 1985a; 5: 101-112 https://doi.org/10.1002/tcm.1770050204
  15. Pagono G, Cipollaro M, Corsale G, Esposito A, Ragucciand E and Giordano GG. pH-induced changes in mitotic and developmental patterns in sea urchin embryogenesis, II. Exposure of sperm, Teratogenesis Carcinog Mutagen 1985b; 5: 113-121 https://doi.org/10.1002/tcm.1770050205
  16. Rand GM and Petrocelli SR. Fundamentals of Aquatic toxicoloty, Gemisphere Publishing Corporation, Washington 1985
  17. USEPA. Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving water to freshwater and marine organisms, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA 2002
  18. Walsh GE and Alexander SV. A marine algal bioassay method: results with pesticides and industrial waste, Water Air Soil Pollut 1980; 13: 45-55 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02262524
  19. Wui IS, Lee JB and Yoo SH. Bioassay on marine sediment pollution by using sea urchin embryo culture in the south west inland sea of Korean, J Environ Biol 1992; 10(2): 92-99
  20. Yu CM. A study on the effect of heavy metals on embryos formation of sea urchins, Kor J Env Hlth Soc 1998; 24(3): 6-10
  21. Yu CM. The effects of pH on early embryo development of sea urchins, Kor J Env Hlth Soc 2004; 30(2): 104-107