• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2019

There are 17,427 reservoirs in Korea, of which about 96% were built before the mid 1980s. Therefore, aging is severe and reinforcement are necessary. In addition, aged reservoirs, which are more than 50 years old, account for 70% of the total. Therefore, there is a problem such as the collapse of the reservoir and the decrease of the storage capacity due to progress of aging with time. The grouting method using cement is mainly used as maintenance and reinforcement method of old reservoir. However, the grouting method using cement has engineering and environmental problems. In order to solve the engineering and environmental problems of cement grouting method, an eco-friendly grouting material was developed that mixes circular resource grouting binder, high molar ratio sodium silicate and colloidal silica. The engineering and environmental properties of the developed injection materials were evaluated by conducting gel time, homo-gel strength, sea water resistance test and environmental stability evaluation. Also, examined the possibility of replacing OPC existing aged reservoir reinforcement methods. As a result, it was found out that it was better than the conventional cement method in terms of engineering and environment. However, since this study is the result of laboratory test, it is necessary of verify the application at field of aged reservoir.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2005

Recently, underground cavities such as limestone cavity and abandoned mine give rise to a lot of damage in SOC facilities. But there are many difficult problems such as delay of the working terms and enormous economic losses in finding a new method and changing construction design. In this study, a new filling material for underground cavities was developed using the stone-dust classified as industry waste polluting environment. As a result of test, filling material properties was that a compressive strength was $34{\~}60\;kgf/cm^2$, a change ratio in length was $0.268{\~}0.776\%$ and water absorption was $34.3{\~}46.9\%$. Also as a result of suspended mass test and pH test, it was confirmed that the developed filling material has a characteristic of non-separating in water and it was an environmentally friendly material.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.258-265
• /
• 2009

To develop environmentally friendly constructed wetlands(CWs) for treating domestic sewage which was produced in farming and fishing village, the efficiency of water treatment at different ventilation systems in the vertical bed, depths of horizontal bed, and sewage loads was investigated. In the vertical bed, BOD and COD by duplex ventilation system were lower than those by single ventilation system. But T-N and T-P concentrations by both ventilation systems in the vertical bed were little different. In the horizontal bed, BOD, COD, T-N and T-P in 1.0 m and 1.3 m depths were little different. To reduce the CWs' area and to improve the pollutant removal efficiencies, the optimum depth of horizontal bed was 1.3 m. In single and duplex ventilation CWs, the removal rate of BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P decreased slightly with the sewage load increases. In same sewage load conditions, the removal rates of BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P by duplex ventilation CWs were higher than those by single ventilation CWs. In summary, to effectively treat domestic sewage from farming and fishing village, the optimum constructed wetlands would be the duplex ventilation CWs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.64-73
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to find out the effects of hydroseeding material and seed mixture on the revegetation of rock cut-slopes by PEC4 (Polymer-Ecology-Control) Hydroseeding Measures. PEC4 hydroseeding material was applied to four cut-slopes using hydroseeding measures from April to August, 1999, and the field survey was carried out by monthly. PEC4 material consisted of bark compost and organic soil amendments. This material has high content of organic matter and high level of water holding capacity. PEC4 hydroseeding material shows low level of soil hardness, so it gives to good condition for seed germinating and plant growing in early stage. PEC4 material attached at rock cut-slopes by two types of adhesive agent was not eroded by rainfall. The plant coverage and number of plant species were affected by mixing ratio of seeds and seeding timing. From the viewpoint of plant establishment, the optimal hydroseeding timing of mixed seeds for plant growth seems to be in May. Most of the plant seeds were germinated well and they covered rock cut-slopes so quickly and effectively. Plant importance value of Silene armeria and Platycodon grandiflorum. were higher than any other seeded-native species in the competition between native species and exotic species, so they have enough possibility to be used for slope revegetation works. Thus it leads to conclusion that the revegetation method used in this experiment was a very effective method for plant establishment on rock cut-slopes.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 2020

When CO₂ foam is injected into the saline aquifer, the relative permeability of CO₂ decreases and its viscosity increases, thereby reducing mobility in porous media and ultimately improving CO₂ storge with enhanced sweep efficiency. In general, surfactants were used to fabricate CO₂ foam. Recently, nanoparticles have been used to form stable foam than surfactant. This paper introduces CO₂ storage technology using nanoparticle stabilized CO₂ foam. If the surface of the hydrophilic nanoparticles is partially modified into a CO₂-philic portion, the particles have an affinity for CO₂ and water, thus forming a stable CO₂ foam even in deep saline aquifers under high temperature and high salinity conditions, thereby it can be stored in the pores of the rock. In terms of economics, injection method using nanopaticle-stabilized CO₂ foam is more expensive than the conventional CO₂ injection, but it is estimated that it will have price competitiveness because the injection efficiency is improved. From an environmental point of view, it is possible to inject chemical substances such as surfactants and nanomaterials into aquifers or reservoirs for specific purposes such as pollutant removal and oil production. However, some studies have shown that nanoparticles and surfactants are toxic to aquatic animals, so environmentally proven substances should be used. Therefore, further research and development will be needed to study the production and injection of nanoparticle-stabilized CO₂ foam that are environmentally safe and economically reasonable.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2017

Geobag method is an eco-friendly method to minimize the impact on the environment in the construction of retaining wall structure as a kind of geosynthetic reinforced retaining walls. In this study, evaluated behavior of full scaled geobag retaining wall about four different types of geobag retaining walls, that is, non-compacted geobags wall, compacted geobag wall, combination of longitudinal and transversal laied geobags wall, gabion and geobag wall were constructed in the field with instrumentation. Based on the results of field measurement, transversal layered geobag wall for non-compacted case was displaced 30% more than that of mixed gabion wall. Also, the more than 2m geobag walls without reinforcement at the backfill area are turned out to be unstable in terms of wall displacement. On the one hand, the distribution of the earth pressure for all geobag retaining walls sites show within the range of Rankine's and Coulomb's earth pressure after construction. But after intensity rainfall, the transversal laied geobag walls significantly increment of soil pressure. The geobag walls which constructed in the way of mixed wall systems such as gabion and geobag, longitudinal and transversal laied geobags are much stable with comparison of transversal laied geobag wall.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.533-536
• /
• 2008

This study is the application of phosphate magnesia cement for solidification of soils. The object of the study is the application of the pavment of the farm roads. The new pavement method must be environmental, ecologic and durable. So, for solidification of farm road's soil, we use magnesia cement as quick setting, high strength materials. At magnesia phosphate cement, mixing ratio of mono ammonium phosphate and magnesia is 4:6 and w/b is 50 wt%, it show 14 MPa of compressive strength, and high hydration heat. Solidified soils that mixing ratios of magnesia cement and soil are 4:6 and 5:5 have very high durability for freezing and thawing.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.209-222
• /
• 2024

The Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) shield Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) is widely used for underground tunnel construction for its advantages, such as eliminating the need for additional facilities compared to the slurry shield TBM, which requires Slurry Treatment Plant (STP). During EPB shield TBM excavation, a soil conditioning technique is employed to enhance the physical properties of the excavated soil by injecting additives, thus broadening the range of applicable ground conditions to EPB shield TBMs. This study explored the use of xanthan gum, a type of biopolymer, as an alternative to the commonly used polymer additive. Biopolymers, derived from biological sources, are fully biodegradable. In contrast to traditional polymers such as polyacrylic acid, which contain environmentally harmful components, xanthan gum is gaining attention as an eco-friendly material due to its minimal toxicity and environmental impact. Test conditions with similar workability were established through slump tests, and the rheological characteristics were assessed using a laboratory pressurized vane shear test apparatus. The experiments demonstrated that, despite exhibiting similar workability, the peak strength in the flow curve decreased with increasing the content of xanthan gum. Consequently, a correlation between the xanthan gum content and peak strength was established. Replacing the traditional polymers with xanthan gum could enable stable EPB shield TBM operation by reducing equipment load, in addition to offering environmental benefits.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2022.05a
• /
• pp.491-491
• /
• 2022

최근 농업용수의 수질개선을 위한 사업으로 수질개선시설들이 조성되었으나 유지관리의 측면에서 정화효과 검토와 시설물 운영에 대한 관리만 집중적으로 진행되고 있다. 특히 농업용수 수질개선사업은 자연친화적 공법인 인공습지가 주로 활용되고 있음에도 불구하고 식생 및 정화식물에 대한 조사 및 영향분석에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 또한 인공습지 내 정화식물 이외의 우점 식물종(침입 식물종)에 대한 현황 및 관리방안 검토도 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 총 6개 저수지의 인공습지를 대상으로 식물상 및 군락특성을 조사하여 인공습지 식생도를 작성하였다. 인공습지 내 수질 정화식물 현황 분석 결과는 조사의 여건 및 시기 등을 고려하여 3단계를 나누어 관리지역을 파악할 수 있도록 식생도에 반영하였다. 또한 인공습지 내 정화식물(갈대, 부들, 꽃창포 등) 이외의 우점 식물종(침입 식물종)을 분석하고 침입 식물종 특성 및 관리 방안을 분석하였다. 인공습지에 대한 관속식물상을 조사한 결과, 총 27과 59속 63종 7변종 1아종으로 총 71류군이 조사되었다. 대부분의 습지에서 우점종으로 갈대, 부들이 확인되었으며, 일부 습지의 경우 줄, 큰고랭이, 마름 등이 조사되었다. 귀화식물은 7과 23종으로 조사되었으며, 인공습지 내부보다는 주변의 나대지, 제방사면에 주로 분포하고 있다. 귀화식물 중 환경부에서 지정한 생태계교란식물은 양미역취, 단풍잎돼지풀, 미국쑥부쟁이, 돼지풀, 물참새피, 가시상추가 조사되었다. 귀화식물 종수가 10~12종으로 나타났으며, 도시화지수는 3.1~3.7%로 나타났으나 출현 종수가 적어 귀화율은 29.4~44.0%로 높게 나타났다. 식물의 경우 동물과 달리 계절에 따라 출현하는 종의 차이가 더욱 크기 때문에 정확한 분석을 위해서는 계절에 따른 지속적인 조사가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.192-199
• /
• 2013

The Tandong-cheon stream is a 7.4 km long small urban stream that passes through Daeduk Science Town in Daejeon Korea. Despite the stream has great potential as an educational and recreational site due to its central location in the science town and science museums nearby, environmental aspect especially for water quality has not been evaluated properly. Through field survey, major pollution sources of the stream were identified and effect of water quality improvement alternatives were evaluated using a QUAL2K water quality model for the stream. The study indicated that controlling major pollution sources of the stream alone may not be sufficient for reaching the water quality target. Therefore, additional pollution control methods are necessary. We applied the developed model to evaluate the effects of a constructed wetland on the terrace land, and analyzed whether the water quality target can be met at the outlet of the stream. It is expected that this study would provide a good reference for environmentally sound management of small urban streams in Korea.