Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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Review of the CO2 Geological Storage Using Nanoparticle-stabilized CO2 Foam

나노입자기반 CO2 폼을 이용한 CO2 지중저장에 대한 기술적 고찰

  • Son, Han Am (Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Pukyong National University)
  • 손한암 (부경대학교 에너지자원공학과)
  • Received : 2020.01.13
  • Accepted : 2020.04.23
  • Published : 2020.04.28
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Abstract

When CO2 foam is injected into the saline aquifer, the relative permeability of CO2 decreases and its viscosity increases, thereby reducing mobility in porous media and ultimately improving CO2 storge with enhanced sweep efficiency. In general, surfactants were used to fabricate CO2 foam. Recently, nanoparticles have been used to form stable foam than surfactant. This paper introduces CO2 storage technology using nanoparticle stabilized CO2 foam. If the surface of the hydrophilic nanoparticles is partially modified into a CO2-philic portion, the particles have an affinity for CO2 and water, thus forming a stable CO2 foam even in deep saline aquifers under high temperature and high salinity conditions, thereby it can be stored in the pores of the rock. In terms of economics, injection method using nanopaticle-stabilized CO2 foam is more expensive than the conventional CO2 injection, but it is estimated that it will have price competitiveness because the injection efficiency is improved. From an environmental point of view, it is possible to inject chemical substances such as surfactants and nanomaterials into aquifers or reservoirs for specific purposes such as pollutant removal and oil production. However, some studies have shown that nanoparticles and surfactants are toxic to aquatic animals, so environmentally proven substances should be used. Therefore, further research and development will be needed to study the production and injection of nanoparticle-stabilized CO2 foam that are environmentally safe and economically reasonable.

이산화탄소(CO2)를 대염수층에 폼 상태로 주입할 경우 그대로 주입했을 때보다 CO2의 상대투과도가 감소하고 점성도가 증가하여 유동도가 감소한다. 이로 인해 대염수층과의 CO2와의 접촉효율이 증가하면서 궁극적으로 CO2 저장효율이 향상된다. 일반적으로 CO2 폼 형성을 위해서 계면활성제를 사용하였는데, 최근에는 계면활성제만을 사용했을 때보다 안정적인 폼 형성을 위해서 나노입자를 이용한 연구가 많이 수행되고 있다. 이 논문에서는 나노입자 기반 CO2 폼을 이용한 CO2 저장기술에 대해서 소개하였다. 친수성 나노입자의 일부표면을 CO2 친화적인 부분으로 개질하면 입자는 CO2와 물에 양친성을 나타내므로 고온, 고염도 조건의 심부 대염수층에서도 폼은 상대적으로 안정적인 상태를 유지할 수 있다. 경제적인 측면에서 나노기반 CO2 폼 주입공법은 일반적인 CO2 주입보다 비용이 증가하지만 주입 효율성이 향상되므로 가격 경쟁력이 있을 것으로 추정된다. 환경적 측면에서 살펴보자면 세계적으로 오염물질 제거, 석유생산 등 특수한 목적을 위해 대수층이나 저류층에 계면활성제나 나노물질 등의 화학물질 주입이 가능한 상황이다. 그러나 일부 연구에 의하면 나노입자나 계면활성제에는 수생동물에 영향을 줄 수 있는 독성이 있는 것으로 알려져 있기에 환경적 검증된 물질을 사용해야 할 것이다. 따라서 향후에도 추가적인 연구개발을 통해 환경적으로도 안전하면서도 경제적으로도 합리적인 나노기반 CO2 폼 제조 및 주입에 대한 연구가 필요할 것이다.

Keywords

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