• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.267-276
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to explore factors influencing kindergarten teachers' science anxiety. The subjects were 182 kindergarten teachers. The career, educational background, scientific literacy, science-related experience, type of kindergarten, age of classroom students, science supporting environment of kindergarten, and students' interest in science were examined as possible factors affecting teachers' science anxiety. The results showed that the science-related experience, science supporting environment of kindergarten, and students' interest in science were related to the teachers' science anxiety. However, the most important factor influencing kindergarten teachers' science anxiety was science-related experience. These results can be interpreted that positive science experiences affect decreasing teachers' science anxiety

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.472-486
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• 2010

The surveys for public awareness in relation to socio-scientific issues (SSI) have been limited to several topics such as public perception of risks about the issues and preference for some policies. To illuminate the public science culture literacy about SSI from a holistic perspective, this study aimed to develop an indicator system. For this purpose, the issue on climate change, which is currently one of the biggest issues worldwide, was adopted as a specific SSI and the framework centering on climate change was developed. Science culture literacy about SSI was defined as a lifestyle to identify SSI from various viewpoints and to cope with problems related to SSI appropriately. In the framework proposed, individual science culture indicators are divided into Potential and Activity area. The Potential consists of categories of Interest, Opinion and Understanding, whereas the Activity is composed of categories of Learning and Practice. To examine the reliability and validity of this framework statistically, the developed questionnaire was reviewed by science educators, environment experts and atmospheric scientists and was used to asked 777 secondary students. Based on the results of statistical analyses, the framework was modified and it consequently had 2 areas, 5 categories, 15 sub-categories, 34 indicators and 63 items. It is expected that the framework of science culture indicators for SSI could be used as a measurement tool for public awareness about various SSI topics.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.361-370
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• 1991

Physical and chemical environmental factors influencing on the outbreak of freshwater red tide by Peridinium bipes (dinoflagellate) in Soyang Reservoir were studied. Red tide occured in the site of inflowing of tributary streams annually, but the extent and severity of red tide varied from year to year. Several environmental factors such as water level, nutrient releasing from sediment, cyst resuspension, and concentrations of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$were studiedin relation to development, extent, and duration of red tide. In June of 1989 and 1991, the red tides of Peridinium bipes were very severe, and these red tides coincided with notable and rapid drawdown of lake water in late spring. Nutrient releasing and cyst resuspension by turbulence during drawdown were suggested as main causes of red tide. The quanity of nutrient releasing from sediment and hydrometeorological factors such as run-off and wind may determine the extent and duration of red tide.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.100-110
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate influence of chemical properties in the riparian on the species diversity and to get plant information for enhancement of natural purification in Mankyeong River. The concentration of total nitrogen was high in Jeonju and Sam stream, while that of total nitrogen showed the highest peak in Winter. Concentrations of $NH_4-N$ was $0.01{\sim}0.06\;mg/L$ in Gosan and Soyang stream. The water quality of upstream along with Mankyeong River was suitable for the irrigation source. The riparian vegetation was investigated by Zurich-Montpellier school's method from June, 2001 to September, 2002. The number of riparian plants were 59 families, 129 genera, 165 species, 20 varieties in Gosancheon, on the while 53 families, 111 genera, 141 species, 19 varieties in Soyangcheon. The number of riparian plants in Bari basin was higher than that of other sites namely, 73 families, 134 genera, 218 species, 33 varieties. Riparian vegetation was consisted of 12 plant communities. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and electrical conductivity had negative relationship with species diversity (Species richness index, Heterogeneity index, Species evenness index Species number). On the while, species diversity had positive relationship with soil pH. Species diversify of the plant communities were affected by topography and disturbance.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-40
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• 2006

There are various efforts to alleviate problems about the learning disabilities each year, however, the number of the learning disabilities has been increasing. Therefore, we need to consider and develop practical methods to help them. In this aspect, we review and examine previous research regarding the learning disabilities which are known to be general and comprehensive. Then we suggest math clinic as one of the methods to alleviate the problem. There are purposes of the math clinic. The first is to make a comprehensive diagnosis for basic (emotional, environmental, psychological) reasons as well as the learning anxiety; not only the lower achievement in learning. The second is to provide them suitable corrective programs which would help them to gain a better understanding about mathematics and a positive learning attitude. The third is to provide them applicabilities in their learning and potentialities so that we have given them foundation in mathematics. In this article, we operate math clinic for the learning disabilities, and then make an analysis of the student's error occurred in learning, and finally we suggest a demonstrative operating program of math clinic for learning disabilities.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.256-270
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• 2011

This study was designed to explore how learners' participation develop if provided with opportunities for various scientific practices and experiences in writing science magazine articles as an extra-curricular club activity and what factors facilitate these participation development. Data from participant observations, in-depth interviews with students, and documents were used to extract the common characteristics of the practices. The learners' development was categorized into 3 stages in terms of participation in the community of practice: peripheral participation, transitional participation, and full participation. As participation develops, situational interest developed to individual interests and value attachment. Students sought to get ideas from every day life, and finally, in the stage of full participation, advances in writing showed the characteristics of knowledge transformation. Best of all, the participants enjoyed and valued their participation showing identities as journalists. The nature of science magazine article, external scaffolding, and internalization through enjoyment and value attachment appeared to be decisive factors that facilitate the development of participation. Student's enculturation of writing for learning offers a possibility that continue to do so, even after they have left formal schooling and make a basis for lifelong learning.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.457-471
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• 2018

This study examined student- and school-level background and ICT factors that affected PISA 2015 Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) for Korean students (4863 students from 142 high schools). A two-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) was analyzed from the basic model (model 1) with no predictors to the final model (model 5) with all predictors. Results showed that first, gender, socioeconomic/cultural backgrounds, cooperation level positively predicted CPS scores while perceived unfairness of teacher negatively predicted the outcome. Second, the more frequently ICT was used for out-of-school learning purposes, the less frequently ICT was used for entertainment purposes, and the less frequently ICT was used in schools, the higher CPS scores were. Considering ICT autonomy and social interaction variables measured for the first time in PISA 2015, students who were more interested in ICT and more autonomous in using ICT devices achieved higher CPS scores. On the other hand, the more students considered ICT important as social interaction, the less they gained CPS scores. Third, in terms of school-level characteristics, the smaller the students behavior detrimental to learning, the higher the teachers perceived positive working environment, and the fewer the number of computers available per student, the higher CPS scores were. To facilitate computer-based collaborative problem-solving competence, it is important for students to have interest and autonomy in using ICT. In addition, the guidelines of ICT use and SW curriculum need to be established in order to increase the effectiveness of using ICT device in school.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2010

이 연구의 목적은 귀추적 탐구 방법과 관련된 전략들을 적용하여 지구온난화에 관련되어 측정된 다양한 유형의 데이터를 관련된 사실, 원리, 법칙, 선행 연구 결과 등을 토대로 지구통합적인 관점과 지구계를 구성하는 요소들 간의 상호작용과 영향을 중심으로 재해석하고 이해하는 것이다. 지구과학(지구시스템과학)의 학문 성격, 최근 동향, 본성 및 탐구 대상의 특성에 대한 내용과 지구과학의 본질적 속성에 잘 부합하는 귀추적 탐구 방법에 대해 학습한 후, 학생들은 인천 및 다양한 지역의 기상과 해양 자료 분석을 통하여 관찰되는 현상(결과)의 원인과 영향을 파악하는 연구 활동을 하였다. 이 과정에서 귀추적 탐구를 충분히 이해할 수 있도록, 과학 탐구에서 귀추적 탐구 방법을 사용하는 과학자들의 예시와 모의 활동을 통하여, 귀추적 탐구 방법에 사용되는 다양한 사고 전략(예, 데이터의 재구성 전략, 유추 전략, 개념적 결합 전략 등)에 대한 예시를 경험하였다. 학생들은 지구온난화에 관련되어 나타나는 현상(조사된 사항 포함)과 영향에 대해 지구시스템적으로 이해하고 재해석하기 위해 지구시스템을 구성하는 요소(예, 수권, 대기권)와 관련된 데이터 정보를 검색하고 수집하였다. 1) 지구시스템과 지구온난화에 대한 조사하고, 2) 지구온난화 및 기후변화의 변동성 확인한 후, 3) 지구온난화와 관련된 선행 연구 결과 분석하였다. 또한, 지구과학의 본질적 속성에 잘 부합하는 귀추적 탐구 방법의 이해와 적용하는 과정에서 1) 지구 온난화 및 기후 변화의 실태 파악하고, 2) 인천 지역의 월별, 계절별 기온 변화 분석 및 경향 조사(탐색: 연구문제 규명)한 후, 3) 인천과 속초 지역의 기온, 수온의 변화 추이 및 분석 (조사: 원인 조사 과정)하였다. 4) 속초 지역의 평균해면기압변화 추이 및 분석한 후, 그 결과를 토대로 5) 문헌조사 및 선행연구 결과 분석을 통한 지구 온난화의 영향을 미치는 요인 재검토 및 확인(선택 및 설명)하여, 6) 인천지역과 속초지역의 지구온난화 원인 분석 및 문제점 보완(설명)하기 위해 7) 겨울철 지구온난화가 더 심각한지 부산지역과 포항지역의 자료 분석을 통하여 연구 결과 내용의 보완 (추가 조사 및 설명)한 후, 8) 분석 결과 및 해석 내용을 전문가와 상담 실시하였다. 이 연구는 연구를 진행하면서 얻은 결과를 교육적 측면에서 다시 정리해 보면 다음과 같다. 우선, 학생들의 지구환경적 문제 해결 과정에서 귀추적 탐구 방법을 활용한 문제 해결 능력을 향상시켰다. 아울러, 지구과학의 탐구 본성, 최근 동향, 탐구대상의 특성 등의 학습을 통해 지구과학도로서의 기본적인 소양과 자질 향상에 기여하였으며, 사회과학의 연구방법을 순수과학연구에 접목하여 과학자로서의 문제해결 능력과 시스템 사고력을 향상시켰다.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.4 s.92
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• pp.380-386
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• 2000

Alkaline phosphatase ($AP_{ase}$) activity was studied for the pure cultures and natural communities of phytoplankton. The Michaelis-Menten constant ($K_m$) showed large variation with species. Some green algae showed large $K_m$ ($650\;{\mu}M$ for Selenastrum capriconutum). Chlorella sp. and Nitzschia palea showed smaller Km (respectively1.7, 2.0 HM) than those of other species examined. The extracellular free enzyme in the filtrate of Anabaena flos-aquae showed smaller Km ($52\;{\mu}M$) than that of cellbound form ($276\;{\mu}M$). The $K_m$ ($12.0\;{\mu}M$) of summer phytoplankton in Lake Soyang. when Anabaena sp. was dominant species, was larger than that (1.5 HM) of spring phytoplankton when Asterionella sp. was the dominant. Although maximum activity($V_{max}$) in Lake Soyang was affected by the concentration of DIP within the lake, but the $V_{max}$ always varied not with the DIP concentration of the lake. Induction of $AP_{ase}$ may be more affected by the phosphate content within the cell of phytoplankton than by the concentration of DIP within the lake, The extracellular free $AP_{ase}$ activity accounted for $36{\sim}97%$ of total activity from fall to spring turnover in Lake Soyang. The $K_m$ ($1.1{\mu}3.5\;M$) of extracelluar free enzyme were simillar to those ($0.7{\mu}3.5\;M$) of the total activity. This indicates that the extracelluar free enzyme was derived from phytoplankton.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.361-369
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• 2020

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and multifactorial inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and chronic pruritus. AD has a complex etiology that includes genetic, immunological, and environmental factors that cause skin barrier abnormalities and immune dysfunctions. Sophora flavescens (SF) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine, but little research has been conducted on its anti-AD efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the effect of SF extract (SFE) on improving skin barrier function and immune abnormalities, which are the main symptoms of AD. SFE has the capacity to enhance the formation of cornified envelope (CE) that plays an important role in the skin barrier function. In addition, it was confirmed that SFE increased the expression of hyaluronic acid related to skin moisture. The effect of SFE against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which increases specifically in AD lesions, confirmed that SFE inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by S. aureus. Furthermore, SFE was shown to inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by substance P (SP), the cause of skin neurogenic inflammation. These results demonstrate that SFE could be one of potential candidate agent for the treatment of AD by improving the skin barrier function and immune responses.