• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.677-685
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• 2011

The reverse osmosis membrane processes have several operational problems. Fouling by inorganic scale occurs on membrane surface due to increases in concentrations over solubility by retaining ions on feed side of the membrane. Inorganic scales could be controlled by antiscalants or acid addition. In this study, three antiscalants having different characteristics were selected and evaluated on efficiency of $CaCO_3$ scale control. The $CaCO_3$ scale was inhibited by the antiscalants : 0.4 mg/L for SHMP, 0.6 mg/L for Spectra Guard, and 3 mg/L for Flocon 150 N. Increasing concentration factors of simulated sea water resulted in increases in antiscalant doses for the scale control. The increases in doses were positively proportional to the concentrate factors used in this study. Spectra Guard, one of the polyacrylate type antiscalants, was the most effective to control $CaCO_3$ scale. The antiscalants with the different scale inhibition time and doses implied the different control mechanisms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.255-268
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• 2016

Climate change has increased the need to secure a new water resource in addition to the traditional water resources such as surface water and ground water. The seawater desalination market is growing sharply in accordance with this situation in Korea, "seawater engineering & architecture of high efficiency reverse osmosis (SEAHERO)" program was launched in 2007 to keep pace with world market trend. SEAHERO program was completed in 2014, contributed to turn the domestic technology in evaporative desalination technology to RO desalination technology. Currently, it is investigated that the average specific energy consumption of the whole RO plant is around $3.5kWh/m^3$. The Busan Gi-jang plant has shown $3.7{\sim}4.0kWh/m^3$, including operational electricity for plant and maintenance building. Although not world top level, domestic RO technology is considered to be able to compete in desalination market. Separately, many researchers in the world are developing new technologies for energy savings. Various processes, forward osmosis (FO), membrane distillation (MD) process are expected to compete with RO in the future market. In Korea, FO-RO hybrid process, MD and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process are under development through the research program in Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT). The desalination technology level is expected to decrease to $2.5kWh/m^3$.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.47-69
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze regional spatial distribution and characteristics with the Talent Magnet Potential Index(TMPI), which is calculated through the extra-regional talent attracting environment(Magnet factors) and intra-regional talent cultivating environment(Incubator factors) of each region. As a result, Seoul, Daejeon, Gyeonggi, Ulsan etc. ranked highest, and regions developed in knowledge-based services, R&D capability, and manufacturing turned out to have a higher TMPI. The regions were categorized into 4 types, and the regional type analysis showed that the cumulative effects of Type I(Talent comparative advantage type) and Type III(Talent absolute shortage type) contribute to widening the economic gap among these regions. In addition, although the metropolitan based Type IV(intra-regional talent dependant type) had excellent talent training capability, there seemed to be an outflow of talent into Type I or Type II(extra-regional talent dependant type). This paper has done a correlation analysis to test the validity of the TMPI. As a result, the correlation between talent by type and TMPI turned out to be very high. The correlation coefficient with 2T turned out to have the highest correlation, showing that tolerance contributes a much greater deal to talent attracting and training than expected. Finally, based on the main analytical results, implications for talent attraction & training policy projects and 7 improvement plans have been proposed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to selecting of oriental melon cultivars suitable for second cropping at summer season. At 20 days after transplanting, 'Supergumssaragi' and 'Gumhwangeunchun' were rapidly growing. Chlorophyll contents of 'Gumgigaeeunchun', 'Gumnodazieunchun', 'Gonggongcheelkkul' and 'Gumboddari' were higher than other cultivars. Days required from transplanting to harvesting of 'Gumboddari', 'Gumdongieunchun', 'Gonggongcheelkkul' and 'Gumgaeeunchun', 'Gumbora' and 'Supergumssaragi', 'Gumssaragieunchun', 'Gumnodazieunchun', 'Gummieunchun' and 'Gumhwangeunchun', 'Diamond' were 51, 52, 53, 55, 56 and 60 days, respectively. The fruit weigh tended to heavy in 'Supergumssaragi' and 'Gumgigaeeunchun'. The flesh thickness was thick a little in 'Gumgigaeeunchun'. The hardness tended to high in 'Gumgigaeeunchun', 'Gumnodazieunchun' and 'Gumgaeeunchun', but it was not difference between treatments. 'L', 'a', 'b' and Y.I. value of the fruit were not difference between the cultivars, but 'a' value was the highest at 'Gumgigaeeunchun', The yield per ha of 'Gumgaeeunchun' and 'Gumgigaeeunchun' increased 8%, 2% than 'Gumssaragieunchun', respectively. From above result, 'Gumgigaeeunchun', 'Gumdongieunchun', 'Gumnodazieunchun' and 'Gumgaeeunchun' cultivars are suitable in summer season.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2004

Two red pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars, 'Geumtap' and 'Bugang', were cultivated at main producing areas in Korea and harvested four times in 1998 and 1999. Length, weight, dry matter ratio and color of red peppers were measured at each harvest. The relations between external characteristics with regional climatic elements such as total accumulated air temperature, total amount of precipitation and duration of sunshine during the fruit growing periods were compared. Length and fruit weight decreased by delayed harvest. These characteristics were shown significant difference according to cultivars, but not to growing year. Dry matter ratio had a tendency to increase at the 3rd and 4th harvest. The red color as measured a${\times}$L values of pepper powder, increased with being later in harvesting, but the trend was uncertain. In fruit growth, fruit length showed a positive correlation with total accumulated air temperature in later growth period of fruits(from 1st to 20th day before harvesting), and fruit weight had relationships with accumulated air temperature and total amount of precipitation in later growth period of fruit. There was no relation between dry matter ratio and climate elements. The red color was shown high correlations with total amount of precipitation and duration of sunshine. There was highest coefficient of determination($r^2$) in all external characteristics.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2007

The effects of selenium (Se) and germanium (Ge) fertilization on the growth and quality of Chinese cabbages cultivated in spring and autumn and peppers cultivated in spring were investigated. $Se\;(Na_2SeO_4)\;and\;Ge\;(GeO_2)$ were supplied 5, 10, or 20 times in an aqueous solution of 0, 2, 4, or $8mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ during the cultivation of Chinese cabbages and peppers. The fresh weight of Chinese cabbages increased by Ge fertilization with high concentration. But it was not affected by Se fertilization. The content of vitamin C increased by 10 times application with $4mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of Se or Ge. The concentration of Se in Chinese cabbage increased according to increasing concentration of Se fertilization. Se concentration was higher in the outer leaves than in the inner leaves. Se concentration in the mesophyll was higher than that in the midrib. Ge fertilization increased the uptake and concentration of Ge in autumn-cultivated Chinese cabbages. Se and Ge fertilization did not affect the fresh weight of peppers. The content of vitamin C in pepper increased by 20 times application of $2mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of Se. Vitamin C content in red peppers was twice as much as in green peppers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.156-165
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• 2009

This research is for dental hygienists to pursue affection and commitment in organization together with improvement of quality of working life by analyzing factors of working life affecting affective commitment in organization of dental hygienists, to find out plans to increase sense of accomplishments of working life and ultimate satisfaction of life, and to suggest direction for human resources management in management of dental clinics. Objects of investigation were dental hygienists working at dental medical institutions in Busan area with questionnaire survey and 197 sheets of questionnaires were used in the study. As the result of the study, high correlation was shown between composition elements of quality of working life and affective commitment per factor and as the result of quality factors of working life affecting affective commitment in organization, work environment, inter-personal relations, and social meaningfulness provided meaningful impacts on affective commitment in organization. It is believed to be important that dental medical institutions need to promote pride and love of companies in the future by providing regular social services or services for local residents so that employees can form smooth inter-personal relationships among employees with improvement of working environment and welfare in personnel management dimension. And for dental hygienists, they shall improve their work performances and enhance vocational values for development of their institutions and them with positive thinking through ceaseless efforts.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.181-186
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• 2006

Geostationary Orbit satellite, unlike other sun-synchronous polar-orbit satellites, will be able to take a picture of a large region several times a day (almost with everyone hour interval). For geostationary satellite, the target region is fixed though the location of sun is changed always. However, Sun-synchronous polar-orbit satellites able to take a picture of target region same time a everyday. Thus Ocean signal is almost same. Accordingly, the ocean signal of a given target point is largely dependent on time. In other words, the ocean signal detected by geostationary satellite sensor must translate to the signal of target when both sun and satellite are located in nadir, using another correction model. This correction is performed with a standardization of signal throughout relative geometric relationship among satellite-sun-target points. This relative ratio called bidirectional factor. To find relationship between time and $[L_w]_N$/Bidirectional Factor differences, we are calculate solar position, geometry parameters. And reflectance, total radiance at the top of atmosphere(). And water leaving radiance, normalized water leaving radiance. And calculate bidirectional factor, that is the ratio of $[L_w]_N$ between target region and aiming the point. Then, we can make the bidirectional factor lookup table for one year imaging. So, we suggested for necessary to simulation experiment bidirectional factor in more various condition(wavelength and ocean/air condition).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2020

Since the early 20th century, there have been reviews and legislations regarding the legal status of the Government ships operated for non-commercial purposes. In particular, as criticized in the absolute theory of immunity in conventional international law, the sovereign immunity theory has become more vital as a restrictive theory for immunity. As per the customary international law and international law of the sea, non-commercial government vessels, including warships, are provided with sovereign immunity on the sea. National universities of Korea have built and operated training ships and survey ships for educational purposes, such as training high-grade mariners and fishing practices. These training ships sail not only on the national maritime jurisdictions but also on the maritime jurisdictions of other States and the high sea. Therefore, clarifying the legal status of national university training ships is one of the important factors in international navigation according to international law. However, it is not easy to answer the question of the legal status of the training ship. Hence, this article analyzes the parameters that define the Government ship operated for non-commercial purposes and examines whether national university training ships are in line with the relevant criterion. Furthermore, the article analyzes the scope of sovereign immunity in conventional international law and international conventions and identifies the scope of sovereign immunity enjoyed by the national university training ships according to international law.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.279-291
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• 2010

To characterize geological features in study area for high-level radioactive waste disposal research, KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) has been performing the several geological investigations such as geophysical surveys and borehole drilling since 1997. Especially, the KURT (KAERI Underground Research Tunnel) constructed to understand the deep geological environments in 2006. Recently, the deep borehole of 500 m depths was drilled to confirm and validate the geological model at the left research module of the KURT. The objective of this research was to identify the geological structures around KURT using the data obtained from the deep borehole investigation. To achieve the purpose, several geological investigations such as geophysical and borehole fracture surveys were carried out simultaneously. As a result, 7 fracture zones were identified in deep borehole located in the KURT. As one of important parts of site characterization on KURT area, the results will be used to revise the geological model of the study area.