• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 2020

In this study, we investigated the efficacy of Salmonella phage P22 combined with antibiotics to inhibit antibiotic-resistant S. Typhimurium CCARM 8009. The synergistic effect of phage P22 and antibiotics was evaluated by using disk diffusion and broth dilution assays. The development of Antimicrobial resistance was determined after time-kill assay. The antibiotic susceptibility assay showed the inhibition zone sizes around the antibiotic disks were increased up to 78.8% in the presence of phage (cefotaxime; 13.6%, chloramphenicol; 19.3%, ciprofloxacin; 12.7% and erythromycin; 78.8%). The minimum inhibitory concentration values of the combination treatment significantly decreased from 256 to 64 mg/mL for tetracycline, 8 to 4 mg/mL for chloramphenicol, 0.0156 to 0.0078 mg/mL for ciprofloxacin, 128 to 64 mg/mL for erythromycin and 512 to 256 mg/mL for streptomycin. The number of S. Typhimurium CCARM 8009 was approximately 4-log lower than that of the control throughout the combination treatment with phage P22 and ciprofloxacin delete at 37℃ for 20 h. The results indicate that the development of antimicrobial resistance in S. Typhimurium could be reduced in the presence of phage treatment. This study provides promising evidence for the phage-antibiotic combination as an effective treatment to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Android application programming education to control Arduino using App Inventor on industrial high school students' creative and integrative thinking ability. We developed an instructional content based on integrative learning and creative problem-solving model and taught a class on it. The result of this study showed that there was a significant improvement in divergent thinking and motivation items among the sub elements of creative problem solving. In addition, students' survey on the integrated thinking has shown that many students think that they could design an IoT system applied to everyday life based on the knowledge they have learned in this class. Therefore, it can be confirmed that physical computing education using App Inventor and Arduino has a positive effect on students' creative and integrative thinking ability.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.39 no.8
• /
• pp.764-768
• /
• 2002

The nanocrystalline $CeO_2$ was synthesized by mechanical milling and subsequent heat-treatment with the mixture of $Ce(OH)_4$ precursor and diluent, NaCl. Using deionized water, the diluent, NaCl, in the mixture has been easily dissolved out. Diffusion barrier was provided by the diluent during heat-treatment, which suppressed not only the coarsening of primary particle but also the agglormeration between the particles. Crystallite and aggregate size of $CeO_2$ depended on the concentration of diluent, temperature and time of heat-treatment; increased with the temperature and time increases. In case the mixture was heat-treated at high than $600^{\circ}C$, however, the crystallite size was saturated near 20 nm, which was supposed to be due to the densification of diluent.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 2009

Relief systems can improve the process safety because it has the function for the prevention of overpressure. Flare stacks is necessary to avoid explosion, radiation, or toxicity by waste-gas emitted from relief system. Safe combustion is one of the important factors to improve safety and the quantity and velocity emitted is ruled in the API code 521. Due to the pressure of released gas and mass flow, a flame from flare stack is similar to jet fire. In this study, we have investigated the effect of flame form on complete combustion and heat emission. API code was similar to jet fire model in flame length, the flame had an effect on the ground.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.78-83
• /
• 2000

Generally, There is to install fire resist shutter or to compart between the office room and the atrium in the atrium buildings in Korea. But, Glass wall that is installed sprinkler which purpose to protect it from fire, is already installed between the office room and the atrium in the advanced nations. We study this problem as follow; We made the fire scenario, and analyze each scenario using FASTLite is fire modeling software and BREAK1 is to predict the window breakage time in the compartment fire. In this study, we can decide that fire compartmentalization between atrium and office rooms doesn't require in Atrium building if the material and fire protection system were reliable. Consequently, Korean Fire Protection Regulations have to consider in direction of increasing freedom of building.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2010.06d
• /
• pp.212-216
• /
• 2010

오늘날 세계화와 정보통신 분야의 기술혁신으로 기업들의 경영활동 영역이 점점 글로벌화 되어가면서 물류산업의 환경도 급격히 변화해 나가고 있다. 세계적으로 확산되고 있는 인터넷망이나 물류망은 시간과 거리의 제약을 완화시켰으며, 고객들의 정보와 상품에 대한 접근이 쉬워짐에 따라 기업에 대한 고객욕구가 다양해지고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 경영환경의 변화에 따라 우리 기업들은 보다 경쟁력 있는 물류서비스를 고객에게 제공하기 위하여 물류 서비스의 유연성 개선, 물류 전문 인력 확보 등에 힘쓰는 한편 물류 부문의 취약성을 극복하기 위한 물류자동화 시스템 도입 등 다양한 방안을 강구하고 있다. 현재 도입된 수배송 관제 시스템은 GPS를 기반으로 하고 있다. 그러나 기존의 GPS를 이용한 관제 시스템은 위치 정보만 수신하여 위성의 사각지역 또는 실내에서 작동이 잘 되지 않는 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기위해 본 논문에서는 스마트폰을 사용한 수배송 관제 시스템을 설계하였다. 스마트폰은 GPS와 3G통신 모두 이용하여 양방향으로 통신할 수 있으므로 기존의 GPS를 이용한 단방향 수배송 관제 시스템보다 정보를 정확하고 효율적으로 관제할 수 있다. 제안하는 시스템은 물류 수배송 상에서 발생되는 데이터를 실시간 모니터링이 가능해야하며, 관리자와 수배송자간의 신속한 정보 전달을 통해 배송조건을 최적화시키고, 물류의 흐름을 제어하여 배송 시에 발생하는 문제에 대한 신속한 해결을 통해서 배송시간을 최소화하는 것이 목적이다.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.86-92
• /
• 2002

The present article is concerned with the application of the kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to electrochemistry of lithium intercalation from the kinetic view point. Basic concepts of the kinetic Monte Carlo method and the transition state theory were first introduced, and then the simulation procedures were explained to evaluate diffusion process. Finally the kinetic Monte Carlo method based upon the transition state theory was employed under the cell-impedance-controlled constraint to analyse the current transient and the linear sweep voltammogram for the $LiMn_2O_4$ electrode, one of the intercalation compounds. From the results, it was found that the kinetic Monte Carlo method is much relevant to investigate kinetics of the lithium intercalation in the field of electrochemistry.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.120-127
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is experimentally to analyze that the fuel mass fractions of multi-component mixed fuels have an effect on the characteristics of spray ignition and combustion under the ambient conditions of diesel combustion fields. The characteristics of ignition and combustion were investigated by chemiluminescence images and direct photography. The experiments were conducted in the RCEM(rapid compression expansion machine) with optical access. Multi-component fuels mixed with i-octane, n-dodecane and n-hexadecane are injected in RCEM by the electronic control of common rail injector. Experimental conditions set up 42, 72 and 112 MPa in injection pressure, 700, 800 and 900 K in ambient gas temperature. The results show that the ignition delay was dependent on high cetane number. In case of low ambient temperature, the more low boiling point fuels were mixed, the lower luminance regime had a remarkable effect and also shortened diffusion combustion by increasing heat release rate.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.144-149
• /
• 2003

Carbon tips were grown on Si cantilevers by applying an electron beam to them directly with Scanning Electron Microscope. A carbon tip was fabricated by aligning the electron beam directly down the vertical axis of Si cantilever and then irradiating a single spot on the cantilever for a proper time in the dominant atmosphere of residual gases generated by the oil of the diffusion pump. A number of control parameters for SEM, including exposure time, acceleration voltage, emission current, and beam probe current, were allowed to make various aspect ratio feature. The growth of carbon tips was not affected by the surface morphology of substrates. We could acquired the tip whose effective length is 0.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$, bottom diameter is 90 nm and cone half angle $3.5^{\circ}$ The growth technique of the high aspect ratio carbon tips on the tip-free cantilevers is available to reduce the complexities of fabricating sub-micron scale tips on the PZT thin film actuator integrated AFM cantilevers.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2014

Recently Amore pacific rack-type warehouse fire broke out and argue an urgent improvement of fire protection design code including automatic sprinkler and detection design. Various type of commodities have their unique fire characteristics from fire spread rate and heat lease rate and fire hazard depends on storage height, rack arrangement, aisle width, fire load etc. With increasing ceiling height for more storage space prevent effective water spray of sprinkler head, also delays detection time causes failure of early suppression. To achieve fire protection code performance of this occupancy, Major code articles relating to a classification of commodity, sprinkler system installation, detection and fire fighting are reviewed and suggested based on fire case analysis, code review between country and field survey.