• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.34-39
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• 2014

It is necessary to enhance its availability and reliability of performance based fire design of building with various type of database such as experiments, survey and fire properties and so on. In order to utilize to the performance based fire design, the present study has been performed a series of experiments to investigate the burning characteristics of building materials for two types of interior board and three types of interior louver. The burning test has been also conducted for different thickness because it may show different characteristics of burning behavior such as flame spread rate and flame propagation time. The result shows that the effective heat release per unit mass of interior materials were almost constant with 15.3~16.9 MJ/kg regardless of its thickness while the peak heat release rate and maximum $CO_2$ concentration was varied with thickness.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.560-567
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• 2023

This study is part of the research on fire-resistant materials to prepare for changing fire behavior, oyster shell and egg shell, which are natural calcium carbonate materials, were substituted as fine aggregates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strength and fire resistance performance according to the substitution rate, and to provide data for use as fire resistance material. Oyster shells and egg shells were substituted with 10~50 % of the fine aggregate, respectively, and tested for strength and Simplified heating according to the KS test method. Although the strength of OS was measured to be higher than that of ES, the backside temperature was also measured to be higher. As a result, it is recommended to use fireproof boards with OS where strength performance is required, such as explosive fires, Where high fire resistance performance is required, such as high-temperature fires over 1000 ℃, fireproof boards with ES can be selected according to the application.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.37-43
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• 2017

Domestic sandwich panel buildings are widely used on walls and roofs of factories and warehouse facilities. Factory and warehouse facilities have high fire load and rapid spread of fire due to their use characteristics, leading to large fires. Due to the characteristics of materials, walls and roofs are collapsed, resulting in life damage and property damage. In this regard, this study examined domestic and international standards of sprinkler facilities to prevent ignition of sandwich panel walls. Also, in order to check whether the fire was prevented by installing the head on the wall of the sandwich panel, the fire test was carried out with 10 cm, 60 cm, and 120 cm from the wall along the sprinkler head installation standard of domestic fire safety standards. As a result of the fire test, it was confirmed that the sandwich panel was prevented from igniting when the head of water pressure 0.1 MPa and water quantity K-80 was installed. According to the separation distance, it was impossible to measure the temperature at 10 cm, but at 60 cm, At the maximum temperature of $525^{\circ}C$ and 120 cm, the maximum temperature of the wall of the sandwich panel was measured as $276^{\circ}C$. As a result of the fire test, considering the fire point of 450 degrees Celsius in the fire test of the sandwich panel, the distance from the sandwich panel wall to the combustible is more than 120 cm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.99-102
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• 2006

This paper reviews the relevant literatures and investigates spalling mechanism of high strength concrete, in order to clearly inform spalling problem in fire. Firstly, we studies literatures on spalling occurrence and resistance methods. Secondly chemical change of concrete components in elevated temperature was presented. Finally, mechanism of the spalling occurrence and spalling resistance were carried out with fiber content. In addition, our research team introduced spalling mechanism, being different from other points of view, which has been generally accepted. To secure this mechanism theory, we investigate spalling properties of certain specimens fabricated by roller spindle and made with mortar or concrete condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.72-77
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• 1993

Available Safe Egress Time(ASET) is the time available for occupants to evacuate safely In compartment fire, and It depends on the time of fire detection and hazardous conditions. The purpose of thls study Is to provide an analytical basis and experimental data for estimating the fire growth in compartments and the available safe egress time, and to compare the experimental data with those proposed equations. As a result, hazard order Is poison to CO, descent of smoke layer, poison to $CO_2$, burn to hot smoke layer, and lack of $O_2$, ASET is lengthened in this order. Also, The more fire load is increased, the more ASET is shorted.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.235-244
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• 2007

In the case of the fire outburst within a partitioned space, it can disappear inside it through smoldering process if the fire cannot obtain sufficient imflammability. On the contrary, if it obtains it, the fire is not restricted within the room, spreading to the higher levels beyond outside windows and the compartment room. The method to prevent the fire spread through windows is considered to build a balcony or equip with sprinkler facilities. This case study is to identify which effects and controlibility a balcony brings about on the spread of fire through a full scale model experiment. In order to understand the effects of fire spread on the upper levels of the room on fire by changing the length of balcony, the temperature was measured, radiant heat was investigated, and products of combustion were analyzed. The result showed that when fire occured, longer length of the balcony, which linked to the outside wall of the apartments, led to the blocking of the fire spread, lower level of radiant heat, and significantly less transfer of toxic gases, and the driving force of the outburst of flame was identified as the attractive force due to the turbulence of uncombusted gases, which exist on the upper level of the outbursting flame.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.377-384
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• 2014

Recently, the trend toward larger architectural structures continues and accelerates demand for Ultra High Strength Concrete (UHSC) which satisfies structural performance. However, UHSC has weakness in fire and the performance tests are required. In this paper, the change of mechanical properties of 100 MPa grade UHSC exposed to high temperatures ($20^{\circ}C{\sim}800^{\circ}C$) was observed to develop high temperature material model of UHSC: residual compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, property of stress-strain on monotonous loading and property of stress-strain on cyclic loading. In addition, TG/DTA and SEM Images analyses were performed to investigate chemical and physical characteristics of UHSC, and the results of this research were compared with those of previous studies. As a result, UHSC at the heating temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ showed a sharp decrease of residual compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. And It was shown that UHSC had a plastic behavior at more than $400^{\circ}C$ on the cyclic loading and revealed a same tendency in both monotonous and cyclic loading of all heating temperatures. In addition, through TG/DTA and SEM images analyses compared with those from previous studies, it was shown that the deterioration of concrete inner tissue, water evaporation and chemical reaction caused the decrease of residual compressive strength and modulus of elasticity.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2009

self-loading, various problems related to construction can be solved as well as the save of construction cost. Thus, this study has an aim of applying foam concrete to structural purpose by adding bottom ash as a reinforcing material like fine aggregate, in contrast to conventional non-structural usage such as soundproofing or insulating materials. In addition, it was evaluated in terms of unit volume weight, flow value, air void, water absorption and dosage of foam agent wether replacement of cement by granulated blast furnace slag or fly-ash has an effect on the material characteristics of foam concrete. As results of experiments, it can be found that the increase of fine aggregate ratio, that is to say, the increase of bottom ash results in the increase of unit volume weight, while decreasing air void and flow value. But, appropriate addition of bottom ash to foam concrete makes it easy to control a homogeneous and uniform quality in foam concrete due to less sensitive to bubbles. As the replacement ratio of mineral admixtures such as granulated blast furnace slag and fly-ash increases, as unit volume weight tends to decrease. In the meanwhile, serious effects were shown on fluidity of foam concrete when more than limit of replacement ratio was applied.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2008

By replacing the meta-kaolin with cement and the waste tire chip with fine aggregate separately, the high strength concrete is protected from the spalling in fire and the method to constrain the temperature increase of steel bar within the concrete and the basic properties of the high strength concrete mixed with the material are reviewed. As the result, meta-kaolin increases the self fire proof characteristics of the concrete, the waste tire chip can share the internal expanding pressure so it can be deleted. In detail, using the meta-kaolin about the cement in 4$\sim$8% of weight ratio about the cement and the waste tire chip under the grade scope of 0.6$\sim$3 mm in 5$\sim$10% of weight ratio about the sand is very effective to prevent the spalling.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.1 s.91
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• pp.83-90
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• 2006

This paper investigates experimentally the fire resistance performance and spatting resistance of high performance reinforced concrete column member subjected to fire containing polypropylene fiber(PP fiber) and cellulose fiber(CL fiber). An increase in PP fiber and CL fiber contents, respectively resulted in a reduction of fluidity due to fiber ball effect. Air content is constant with m increase in fiber content. Compressive strength reached beyond 50 MPa. Based on fire resistance test, severe failure occurred with control concrete specimen, which caused exposure of reinforcing bar. No spall occurred with specimen containing PP fiber. This is due to the discharge of internal vapour pressure. Use of CL fiber superior to control concrete in the side of spatting resistance, localized failure at comer of specimen was observed. Corner of specimen had deeper neutralization than surface of specimen. Specimen containing PP fiber had the least damaged area due to spatting. Neutralization depth ranged between 6 and 8 mm Residual compressive strength of specimen containing PP fiber maintained 40%, which is larger than control concrete with 20% of residual strength. Specimen containing CL fiber had 25% or residual strength.