• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.50
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• pp.35-44
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• 1997

화산동굴은 흔히 용암동굴, 용암터널 등으로 불려지고 있다. 흔히 화산활동의 작용에 의하여 이루어진 동굴인데 엄격히 구분하면 화산동굴은 용암굴, 용암수형, 화구 등으로 세분되고 있으니 그 대부분이 용암동굴이고 그 규모도 크기 때문에 화산동굴은 용암굴로 불리고 있다. 이와 같은 화산동굴은 우리나라에서는 그 대부분이 제주도에 극한 분포되고 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.73-82
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• 1997

화산동굴은 흔히 용암동굴, 용암터널 등으로 불려지고 있다. 흔히 화산활동의 작용에 의하여 이루어진 동굴인데 엄격히 구분하면 화산동굴은 용암굴, 용암수형, 화구 등으로 세분되고 있으니 그 대부분이 용암동굴이고 그 규모도 크기 때문에 화산동굴은 용암굴로 불리고 있다. 이와 같은 화산동굴은 우리나라에서는 그 대부분이 제주도에 극한 분포되고 있다.(중략)

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2006

Volcanic glass shard, which shows relatively homogeneous chemical composition in volcanic eruption materials, is used to determine ages of tephra layers and then to correlate tephra layers each other for understanding of evolution of Quaternary geomorphology. For reducing processing errors in age determination and correlation of units, amorphous glass shard should be separated carefully from soil sample through laboratory procedures such as washing, separation, and identification. Introduction of these processes in detail could be reduced errors in tephrochronology by using volcanic glass shard.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.4 s.42
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• pp.251-263
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• 2005

Modern volcanoes, Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan, have erupted during $1720\~1721$ in the Wudalianchi volcanic group, NE china. They comprise scoria and spatter cones that consist of potassium-rich phono-tephritic pyroclastic deposits and lavas, and include wide lava flow fields. The Laoheishan scoria cone is a polygenetic multiple volcano that overlaps earlier and later edifices with more complicated internal structures produced in greater scale and in earlier time than the Huoshaoshan. There is a funnel-shaped crater in the center of the later edifice of the Laoheishan scoria cone. The Huoshaoshan spatter cone is a monogenetic simple volcano with a central pit crater. The volcanic sequences indicate eruption processes that followed a repeated pattern that progressed through 5 stages of explosive and effusive eruption including lava fountains and Strombolian eruptions in the Laoheishan, and a recognizable pattern of 2 stages that started with Strombolian eruption and progressed through lava effusion in the Huoshaoshan.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.53
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• pp.29-38
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• 1998

화산동굴로서는 한 때 세계 제1이었던 단일 화산동굴인 빌레못굴은 그야말로 세계적인 화산동굴의 대표적인 화산동굴일 뿐만 아니라 우리나라의 자랑이다. 본 연구는 이 동굴 속에 간직되어온 화산동굴의 지형, 지물들에 대하여 그 형성과정과 경관적 특성 등을 밝히고자 한다. 여태까지 발표된 연구 중에는 빌레못동굴의 학술적인 가치를 밝힌 연구는 몇 가지 발표된 바 있으나 이 동굴 속의 경관형태는 물론 지형지물에 대한 상세한 연구발표는 학술조사 이외에 거의 없는 실정이다.(중략)

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.152-158
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• 2023

This study analyzed the consciousness, unconsciousness, and individuation process of 'Cheongmyeong', the protagonist presented in the webtoon "Return of the Blossoming Blade", based on Jung's theory of individuation. The subject of the research was the webtoon "Return of the Blossoming Blade", which has formed a readership across various genders and age groups, based on a successful web novel. The individuation process of the protagonist of "Return of the Blossoming Blade", analyzed using Jung's theory, is as follows: Firstly, the protagonist's ego originated from the shadow derived from the unconscious. Secondly, the protagonist's persona is social and positive in reality, but the personal persona manifested as an unrevealed shadow. Thirdly, the protagonist's anima/animus connects the profound inner consciousness with reality, maintaining a complementary relationship with the persona. Fourthly, the protagonist's Self symbolizes the collective ideal human and the essence of the volcano. The protagonist was shown to achieve individuation through a continuous repetitive process of integrating consciousness and unconsciousness, and through the compensatory process.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.295-307
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• 2022

We studied the Cretaceous Jeonggaksan Formation to determine depositional processes of pyroclastic density currents entering into the lacustrine environments. This formation is composed largely of sandstone-mudstone couplets and (tuffaceous) normally graded sandstones deposited in lacustrine environments, interbedded with two pyroclastic beds: welded massive lapilli tuff and normally graded lapilli tuff. The welded massive lapilli tuff (10 m thick) is composed of poorly sorted, structureless lapilli supported by a welded ash matrix. The normally graded lapilli tuff (4 m thick) is characterized by moderately to well sorted natures and multiple normally graded divisions in the lower part of the bed with internal boundaries. The contrasting depositional features between these lapilli tuff are suggestive of different physical characteristics and depositional processes of pyroclastic density currents in the lake. Overall poorly sorted and massive natures of the thick, welded massive lapilli tuff are interpreted to have been formed by rapid settling of pyroclastic sediments from highly concentrated and sustained pyroclastic density currents. In this case, the pyroclastic density currents were able to displace lake water from shoreline and the pyrolclastic density currents preserved their own heat except for frontal parts of the currents. As a result, welded textures can be formed despite entrance of pyroclastic density currents into the lake. The internal boundaries of the normally graded lapilli tuff reflect unsteady natures of the pyroclastic density currents at the time of the deposition and the pyroclastic density currents can not provide sufficient pressure to displace lake water. As a consequence, the pyroclastic density currents transformed into water-saturated turbidity currents, forming relatively well sorted, normally graded lapilli tuff.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.237-249
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• 2019

The volcanic rocks around the Jayang caldera are classified in an order such as Jukjang Volcanics, Doil Rhyolite, Unjusan Tuff and Rhyolite intrusions. By the SHRIMP U-Pb zircon datings from zircons, eruption ages of the Unjusan Tuff are constrained as 66.65±0.96 Ma in the intracaldera, and 66.08±0.62 Ma in the extracaldera outflow, and intrusion age of the ring dike is investigated as 60.74±0.66 Ma. The age data indicate that the caldera was collapsed between 66.08 Ma and 60.74 Ma, just before the dike intruded after the explosive eruption of the Unjusan Tuff. The Jayang caldera shows the composite igneous process of a perfect volcanic cycle passing from ash-flow tuffs through caldera collapse into ring dikes in the Jayang area.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.249-260
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• 2000

The development of dual volcanic chains, parallel to the trend of the subduction trench, is observed in the southern part of Korea. Elsewhere on the Earth volcanic arcs dominantly consist of two such chains. In the southern part of Korea, two volcanic chains within a single volcanic arc was developed. Kyongsang basin, where the first volcanic chain located, and Youngdong-Kwangju depression zone where the second volcanic zone located, showed sub-parallel volcanic rock distributed areas. Concentrations of incompatible elements in the southern part of Korea samples show clear across-arc variations, with lavas from the first volcanic chain being most depleted in these elements, all incompatible element concentrations increase towards the second volcanic chain. The above across-arc variation may be caused by the difference in solid phases coexisting with the fluid phases during the dehydration processes. The concentrations of incompatible elements, Zr/Y ratios, and Rb/K ratios indicate that the second volcanic chain (Youngdong-Kwangiu depression zone) was generated by low degrees of partial melting at the deeper depth compared to the conditions of the first volcanic chain (Kyongsang basin) and residual garnet probably attributed to the their partial melting.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.104-108
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• 2005