• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2009

This study was performed to develop a precise single residue analytical method of fungicide fenhexamid in representative crops for general residue analytical method which could be applied to most of crops. Korean cabbage, mandarin, apple and green pepper were selected, macerated, extracted with acetone, concentrated and partitioned with dichloromethane. Then the extracts were concentrated and cleaned-up through Florisil column with ethyl acetate/0.1% acetic acid in hexane [15:85, (v/v)] before concentration and analysis with HPLC. LOQ (Limit of Quantitation) of fenhexamid was 1 ng (S/N>10) and MQL (Method Quantitative Limit) was 0.01 mg/kg. Recoveries were measured at two fortification levels (10 MQL and 50 MQL) on crop samples and ranged from 85.2% to 94.8% (mean recoveries) and coefficients of variation were <10% regardless of sample type.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of crude saponin of red ginseng and aqueous extracts from several medicinal herbs on the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) in alcohol metabolism. In order to develop a liquid phase product a model product was prepared using functional plants. In case of red ginseng crude saponin, and some medicinal herbs(Puerariae radix, the flower of Puerariae lobata, the fruits of Hovenia dulcis Thunb., Morus alba L.) the relative activity of ADH was significantly increased, which was from 104～114%. The relative activity of ALDH was also significantly increased in the cases of the fruits of Hovenia duicis Thunb., Morus alba L. which was from 102∼106%. To improve of soju flavours by addition of liquid phase product, it is prepared three samples added a given content (0.28%) of chik, ssanghwa and kyungokgo flavour. The total acceptability test showed significant differences among three samples, and it is observed that the sample added ssanghwa flavour get the best grade. As the second acceptability test, the preference of ssanghwa flavoured sample, sample without flavour and a similar product in market was compared. There was no significant difference among three samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1208-1214
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• 2011

Caffeine, a psychoactive stimulant, has been implicated in the modulation of learning and memory functions due to its action as a non-selective adenosine receptors antagonist. On the contrary, some side effects of caffeine have been reported, such as an increased energy loss and metabolic rate, decrease DNA synthesis in the spleen, and increased oxidative damage to exerted on LDL particles. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a safe stimulant from natural plants mixture (Aralia elata, Acori graminei Rhizoma, Chrysanthemum, Dandleion, Guarana, Shepherd's purse) that can be used as a substitute for caffeine. Thirty SD rats were divided into three groups; control group, caffeine group (15.0 mg/kg, i.p.), and natural plants mixture group (NP, 1 mL/kg, p.o.). The effect of NP extract on stimulant activity was evaluated with open-field test (OFT) and plus maze test for measurement of behavioral profiles. Plasma lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation in LDL (conjugated dienes), total antioxidant capacity (TRAP) and DNA damage in white blood, liver, and brain cells were measured. In the OFT, immobility time was increased significantly by acute (once) and chronic (3 weeks) supplementation of NP and showed a similar effect to caffeine treatment. Three weeks of caffeine treatment caused plasma lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in liver cells, whereas there were no changes in the NP group. NP group showed a higher plasma HDL cholesterol concentration compared to the caffeine group. The results indicate that the natural plants mixture had a stimulant effect without inducing oxidative stress.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.555-564
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• 2023

In this study, the anti-oxidant activity, elastase inhibitory activity, and skin moisturizing effect of mixed extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus and Citrus unshiu fermented with Bovista plumbea (B-MEAC) were evaluated to verify the availability as a material for inner beauty. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of B-MEAC was showed in a dose-dependent manner (SC₅₀=156.1±0.82 ㎍/ml). Also, B-MEAC inhibited the elastase activity in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.001). To study the effect of B-MEAC on mouse skin hydration, skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measured. As a result, skin moisture content increased (p<0.001) and TEWL decreased (p<0.01) compared to the dry-induced control group. The effect on the change of collagen fibers in the dry-induced mouse skin was examined through Masson's trichrome staining. In the group administered with B-MEAC, the amount of collagen relatively increased compared to the control group, and the intensity of blue color increased. The effect on the moisturizing function of the dry-induced mouse skin was examined by Western blot method. In the group administered with B-MEAC, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) protein decreased compared to the control group. In addition, the expression level of collagen1A1 (COL1A1), hyaluronan synthase-2 (HAS2), filaggrin, and aquaporin-3 (AQP3) recovered (p<0.001). Therefore, these results suggest the potential of B-MEAC as a skin hydration agent for inner beauty.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of ripened medicinal herb extracts from wood vinegar. The wood vinegar was collected from heated oaks. The Allium sativum (AS), Atractylodes ovate (AO), Cin-namomum zeylanicum (CZ), Coptidis rhizome (CR), Houttuynia cordata (HC), Phellodendron chinense (PC) and Syzygium aromaticum (SA) extracts were collected using wood vinegar, and they were ripened under room temperature for 50 days. All ripened medicinal herb extracts were used to test the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. For the Lactobacillus, clear zone of 6 different medicinal herb except for CR ranged from 1.28 to 1.63 mm. 3.30 and 3.48 mm of clear zone were determined when CZ and SA were applied to Salmonella and E. coli, respectively (p<0.05), and they showed the largest clear zone as compared to other herbs. The clear zones of CR for Salmonella and E. coli were 2.21 and 3.34 mm, and each clear zone of CR was smaller than that of CZ (p<0.05) but was similar to that of SA (p>0.05). The amount of polyphenol and flavonoid was the highest in SA and CR, and they were 4.28 and 0.38 mg/mL, respectively (p<0.05). The CR shown 0.38 mg/mL flavonoid, had the highest DPPH, and it was 0.41 mM. The DPPH of HZ was significantly lowered in accordance with high amount of polyphenol and flavonoid, 2.56 and 0.20 mg/mL (p<0.05). In conclusion, CZ, SA, and CR showed high antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials, and therefore, may be used as alternatives to antibiotics for poultry diets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1640-1646
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• 2008

In the current food sanitation regulation, food additives are under controlled by the Food Code. The naturally derived preservatives such as benzoic acid and propionic acid can be naturally carried over or produced as metabolites during manufacturing process such as fermentation. To monitor naturally formed benzoic acid and propionic acid levels, a total of 145 samples were classified into berries (prune, cranberry), functional foods (propolis liquid, ginseng product), vinegars (vinegar-based drink, vinegar beverage, vinegar), and salted and pickled products (olive, pickled cucumber, salted/pickled product) and analyzed by HPLC-PDA and GC-FID. From the results, benzoic acid and propionic acid were each detected and identified in 144 samples and 64 samples respectively. The amount of benzoic acid ranged from $4.1{\sim}478.4\;ppm$ in cranberry, from $49.7{\sim}491$ in propolis liquid, and from $2.5{\sim}10.2\;ppm$ in ginseng, and other tested samples contained very small quantity. Also, the amount of propionic acid ranged from $179.8{\sim}951.9\;ppm$ (av. 553.6 ppm) in vinegar (persimmon vinegar 100%), which was the highest level among fermented foods, from $13.7{\sim}247.0$ ppm in propolis liquid, from $2.0{\sim}180.7\;ppm$ in vinegar-based drink, and from $1.6{\sim}76.6\;ppm$ in olive. Vinegar beverage and pickled cucumber each showed 24 and 18 ppm of propionic acid; in contrast, propionic acid was not detected in prune, cranberry, ginseng, and picked/salted products.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.327-337
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• 2017

A continuous low temperature ($510^{\circ}C{\sim}530^{\circ}C$) pyrolysis experiment in a pilot-scale of 85.3 kg/hr was carried out by the mixed feedstock of half dried digested sewage sludge and waste plastics. As a result, the amount of pyrolysis gas generated was maximum 68.3% of input dry mass and scored $40.9MJ/Nm^3$ of lower heating value (LHV), and the percentage of air inflow caused by continuous pyrolysis was 19.6%. The oil was produced 4.2% of the input dry mass, and the LHV was 32.5 MJ/kg. The sulfur and chlorine contents, which could cause corrosion of the facility, were found to be 0.2% or more respectively. The carbide generated was 27.5% of the input dry mass which shows LHV of 10.2 MJ/kg, and did not fall under designated waste from the elution test. The concentration of carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides and hydrogen cyanide of emitted flu gas from pyrolysis gas combustion was especially high, and dioxin (PCDDs/DFs) was within the legal standards as $0.034ng-TEQ/Sm^3$. Among the 47 water pollutant contents of waste water generated from dry flue gas condensation, several contents such as total nitrogen, n-H extract and cyanide showed high concentration. Therefore, the merge treatment in the sewage treatment plants after pre-treatment could be considered.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.377-382
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• 2013

In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant effects of Cordyceps, Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst and Phellinus linteus complexes. Three mushrooms were extracted using 70% ethanol, respectively, in ratios of 80:10:10(?). The electron-donating ability was measured using the DPPH radical mushroom complexes and showed effects of 66% in 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. ABTS radical cation decolorization measured 73% in 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ and had an effect similar to BHA in 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. In their superoxide anion radical scavenging ability, the mushroom complexes showed an effect of 41% in 10 ${\mu}g/ml$. The effect on the control of BHA was more than three times as high as BHA in 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration. The results showed that lipid oxidation is an excellent inhibitor of lipid oxidation $Cu^{2+}$, compared to the $Fe^{2+}$ group. The results of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the mushroom complexes showed a low effect of 13% in 500 ${\mu}g/ml$. Thus, the results of this study showed that the antioxidant effect of the mushroom complexes was excellent, indicating their potential as an antioxidant material.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2010

오일샌드는 비투멘(bitumen), 물, 점토, 모래의 혼합체로 이루어진 비재래형 탄화수소 자원으로 세계적인 고유가 시대에 큰 관심을 받고 있는 석유자원 중 하나이다. 오일샌드는 대부분이 캐나다 앨버타주에 분포하고 있으며 주요 저류층으로는 아스바스카(Athabasca), 콜드레이크(Cold Lake) 지역의 멕머레이층(McMurray Formation), 클리어워터층(Clearwater Formation), 그랜드래피드층(Grand Rapid Formation)과 피스리버(Peace River) 지역의 블루스카이층(Bluesky Formation), 게팅층(Gathing Formation)이 있다. 오일샌드 저류층은 고생대 탄산염 기반암 위에 하성-에스츄어리에 이르는 다양한 퇴적환경에서 형성되어 매우 복잡한 지질특성이 나타난다. 오일샌드 저류층의 효율적인 개발을 위해서는 저류층의 복잡한 지질학적 특성의 이해가 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구에서 캐나다 오일샌드 시추코어 분석 DB, 물리검층 자료, 현장 및 현생 시추코어를 통하여 오일샌드 저류층의 지질특성화 정보의 도출을 시도하였다. 우선 캐나다 앨버타 전역에 분포하는 시추공의 기본 정보(표고, 위경도, 층서별 최상부 심도, 생산광구명, 광구개발업체)를 제공하는 AccuMap DB 프로그램을 이용하여 광역적인 오일샌드 저류층의 분포 특성을 이해하고자 주요층서에 대한 고지형도 및 층후도를 생산광구별로 도면화하여 분석하였다. 또한 캐나다 ENCANA사와 국제공동연구의 일환으로 확보된 크리스티나 레이크(Christina Lake)광구의 현장 시추코어를 이용하여 코어의 상세기재, 비파괴 물성측정, 입도/비투멘 함유량 분석과 같은 다양한 실내 시추코어분석 실험을 수행 중이다. 비파괴 물성측정은 현장 시추코어의 물리적/화학적 특성을 파악하고자 MSCL(Multi sensor core logger)과 XRF 코어 스캐너(X-ray fluorescence core scaner)를 통해 이루어지며, 분석결과로 시추코어의 감마밀도(gamma density), P파 속도(P-wave velocity), 전기비저항(resistivity), 대자율(magnetic susceptibility) 및 색지수의 물성과 정량적 화학조성을 측정한다. 현장 시추코어의 일부는 유기용매를 이용하여 퇴적물 내의 비투멘을 완전히 추출하고 퇴적물 입도와 저류층 비투멘 함유량 측정에 이용되었다. 현장 시료 분석 결과들은 물리검층 자료와 대비를 통하여 저류층의 지질특성을 규명하는 연구에 이용될 예정이다. 마지막으로 오일샌드의 현생 유사 퇴적환경으로 알려진 서해 경기만 조간대에서 시추코어 퇴적물을 획득하여 상세 기재하였으며, 이를 통해 오일샌드 저류층의 퇴적 모델을 제시하고자 퇴적층서 연구를 진행 중이다. 향후 오일샌드 관련 시추코어의 분석 결과들이 종합되면 기존 보다 비투멘 회수효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 정밀한 오일샌드 저류층 지질모델을 수립할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.73-83
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• 2006

The dried needles (1.5 kg) of Abies koreana and Abies holophylla were ground, extracted with acetone-$H_2O$ (7:3, v/v), concentrated, and fractionated with a series of hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate and water on a separatory funnel. Each fraction was freeze dried, then a portion of ethyl acetate soluble powder was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using a series of aqueous methanol and ethanol-hexane mixture as eluents. The isolated compounds were identified by cellulose TLC, $^1H$, $^{13}C-NMR$, COSY, HETCOR, FAB and EI-MS. The needles of Abies koreana and Abies holophylla contained a large amount of aromadendrin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound III), polydatin (compound VI), (-)-rhododendrol-2-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound VII), in addition to a small amount of (+)-catechin (compound I), kaempferol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound IV), myricetin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound V), naringenin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (compound II). DPPH analysis was also tested to investigate the antioxidative effects on the isolated compounds and (+)-catechin and polydatin were effective.