• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the anthocyanin pigments in the fruits of mulberry and grape. The anthocyanin pigments in the fruits of mulberry and grape were extracted with l% methanolic hydrochloric acid. The cyanidin-3-glu-coside (C3G) was separated and quantified by HPLC system using a Nova-Pack C$\sub$18/ column. The cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) contents of mulberry fruits were higher than that of grapes. Especially, anthocyanin pigments of mulberry fruits showed only C3G peak, but anthocyanin pigments of grapes showed some species peaks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1724-1731
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• 2009

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of phyto-extract fermented mixture (MP119) on the male sexual functions. The MP119 was evaluated for anti-impotency and anti-hypertensive effects via ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) or PDE (phosphodiesterase) inhibition assay. $IC_{50}$ values of MP119 against ACE and PDE were 241.3${\pm}$35.5 ppm and 372.2${\pm}$33.8 ppm, respectively. To investigate the effect of testosterone expression by MP119, we performed cell media test using mouse Leydig-derived TM3 cells. Production of testosterone in TM3 cell was increased by MP119. Also, NO (nitric oxide) production of HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cell) was increased when MP119 was added to the cultures. Forty male ICR mice were divided into 4 groups. MP119 was orally intubated for 7 days to group 1 and 3, and same volume of vehicle to group 2 and 4 as controls. After that, group 3 and 4 were intraperitoneally injected cadmium chloride at a single dose of 2 mg/kg. On the 8th experimental day, weights of testis, epididymis and seminal vesicle, number of sperm, concentrations of serum testosterone and cGMP were determined. The number of sperm, the concentrations of testosterone and cGMP were significantly increased in two experimental groups (group 1, 3). These results suggest that MP119 enhanced the sexual function of male mice, and could protect the sexual organs from the cadmium chloride as one of the endocrine disrupters.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.834-839
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• 2017

Propolis is a natural product collected from plants by honey bees product used extensively in traditional medicine for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-cancer effects. Propolis exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities because it is a complex mixture of natural substances. Ovarian cancer is the second most common newly diagnosed cancer from all cancers among women in Korea and the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. While most ovarian cancer patients initially respond to surgical debulking and chemotherapy, patients later succumb to the disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to test novel therapeutic agents to counteract the high mortality rate associated with ovarian cancer. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer properties and the active mechanism of Australian propolis in human epithelial ovarian cancer A2780 cells. Our data revealed that propolis showed a cytotoxic activity in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis using propidium iodide staning and annexin V-FITC indicated that propolis could induce cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner on human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. These results suggest that the Australian propolis is potential alternative agent on ovarian cancer prevention and treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.294-300
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Opuntia humifusa (OPH) extracts and methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) supplementations on the laying productivity, egg quality and sensory characteristics of eggs in hens. Six hundred forty, 35-wk-old Lohmann brown, laying hens were randomly divided into four groups: 1) water (control), 0.12% OPH extract, 0.1% MSM, and 0.12% OPH extract+0.1% MSM. They were mixed into the feed and given for 5 weeks. Egg production rates, egg weight, feed demand ratio were not significantly different among the groups. However, OPH or MSM decreased broken egg rates by increasing thickness and firmness of egg shell but they did not show the additive effects. In addition, OPH or MSM enhanced Haugh unit, an indicator of freshness of egg, and viscosity of egg white and egg yolk. OPH or MSM maintained the freshness of eggs better the control during their storage for 10 day at $4^{\circ}C$. However, OPH+MSM did not show additive effects in their freshness. Sensory test revealed that OPH or MSM decreased fishy taste and greasy flavor and they improved texture. Overall OPH or MSM enhanced the preference of eggs. In conclusion, the supplementation of either OPH or MSM enhances egg freshness and egg quality in laying hens but they should not be supplemented together due to no additive effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2021

The effects of freeze-dried powder from fresh and black garlic hot water extracts on the lipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-cholesterol diet were analyzed. The experimental group was classified into the normal group (NG), the high-fat (HF) and high-cholesterol diet group (CG), the HFC and 1% fresh garlic hot water extract powder-added diet group (FGEG), and the HFC and 1% black garlic hot water extract powder-added diet group (BGEG), respectively. The serum total lipid content was 381.52±7.30 mg/ml and 368.80±4.40 mg/ml in the FGEG and the BGEG, respectively, and was significantly lower than that of the CG. The total cholesterol and triglyceride contents of the FGEG and BGEG were also significantly lower than that of the CG. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly higher, and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol content was lower in the FGEG and BGEG than in the CG. The serum ALT and AST activities were significantly lower than those of the CG, and especially the BGEG was lower. The total cholesterol content and the triglyceride levels of the liver tissue were 36.0% and 14.3% lower in the BGEG than in the CG, respectively. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations in the serum and the liver tissue were higher in the CG than in the FGEG and BGEG, but there was no difference between them. Based on these results, garlic extract powders significantly reduced the lipid profile and increased the antioxidant activity in rats in vivo. The black garlic hot water extract powder was more effective than raw garlic because of the total number of phenolic compounds and browning substances in the black garlic.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 1996

The optimum conditions for the analysis of the difenoconazole fungicide on soil and crops were investigated and the residues of that in apple and soil were identified by using the gas chromatography. The extract with acetonitrile was separated with saturated NaCl and n-hexane solution after filtered, and concentrated. Obtained fungicide residues were transfered to the florisil column and eluted with acetone and n-hexane mixed solution for the analysis by GLC(ECD). From the standard addition experiments with 0.20 and 1.0ppm, the average recoveries were 86~92% and the detection limit was 0.01 ppm. It seems to be safely used when difenoconazole is treated three times until 15 days before harvest of apple. In this case residual amounts of difenoconazole in apple was from 0.037ppm to 0.044ppm. The soil samples extracted with methanol and ammonium hydroxide mixed solution were partitioned with dichloromethane and saturated sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was concentrated and redissolved with toluene and analyzed with GLC(FID) after cleaned with Sep-Pak column. From the standard addition experiments with 0.10, 0.50 and 1.0ppm, the average recoveries were 101.2~103.7% and the detection limit was 0.025ppm.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.411-416
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• 2013

This study was conducted not only to analyze ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity with fronds and rhizomes of nine Pteridophyte species, but also to select the plant materials suitable for natural ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor. Harvested rhizomes and fronds were washed, freeze-dried and grinded. After conducting ultrasonification extraction for 30 minutes in ultrasonic water tank with 100% methanol solvent, and vacuum filtration, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity was measured. Acarbose was used as the positive control. After mixing $100{\mu}L$ of 0.7 unit ${\alpha}$-glucosidase enzyme solution into $50{\mu}L$ of extract and reacting them at $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, $50{\mu}L$ of 1.5 mM ${\rho}$-NPG solution was taken and reacted at $37^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes. The reaction was stopped with 1 mL of 1 M $Na_2CO_3$ and absorbance was measured in 405 nm. With the regression analysis, the content of solubility solids (the value of $IC_{50}$) which can inhibit 50% of 0.7 unit ${\alpha}$-glucosidase solution's activity was investigated. The frond ($IC_{50}=14.00{\sim}913.33{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and rhizome extracts ($IC_{50}=12.93{\sim}205.84{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) of nine Pteridophyte species showed higher ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity in comparison with acarbose ($IC_{50}=1413.70{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). The extracts of fronds and rhizomes showed higher value than acarbose by 1.55~100.98 and 6.87~109.33 times each. Especially, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activities of Pyrrosia lingua in fronds and Osmunda cinnamomea var. fokiensis in rhizomes were the highest. The necessary biomass of fronds and rhizomes for inhibiting 50% of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity showed the lowest value, 0.35, 0.27 mg each, in O. cinnamomea var. fokiensis. $IC_{50}$ value of P. lingua was the highest among fronds of nine Pteridophyte species, but content of soluble solids was 2.4 times less than O. cinnamomea var. fokiensis. So frond of O. cinnamomea var. fokiensis is more economic in comparison with P. lingua. As the result of this study, O. cinnamomea var. fokiensis showed high ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity even with small biomass. Therefore it was considered to be high-valued economic material as natural ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2011

Crude polysaccharide (CP) was fractionated from the submerged culture (containing both mycelia and culture broth, SC) with Phellinus linteus (PL) in mushroom complete medium (MCM) supplemented with ginseng extract ($65^{\circ}$Bx, GE) to enhance the immune activity. PL-GE-15-CP from SC cultivated in MCM supplemented with GE-15% (v/v, a ratio of MCM volume to GE) showed significantly higher macrophage stimulation (1.45 fold of the saline control at $100{\mu}g$/mL) than PL-GE-5 and 10-CP with GE-5 and 10%, or PL-CP from SC without GE. The potent intestinal immune system modulating activity through Peyer's patch was also obtained by PL-GE-15-CP (1.46 fold). When PL-GE-15-CP further fractionated on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B (Cl- form), PL-GE-15-CP-II was the significantly higher than others from PL-GE-15-CP or PL-CP on macrophage stimulation, interleukin (IL)-12 production and intestinal immune system modulation (1.54, 3.96 and 1.56 fold, respectively). PL-GE-15-CP-II also had higher anti-metastatic activity against colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cell (57.3% inhibition of tumor control, $200{\mu}g$/mouse) rather than PL-CP-II. This active fraction (PL-GE-15-CP-II) mainly contained neutral sugar (82.45%) and uronic acid (12.99%), and component sugar analysis showed that PL-GE-15-CP-II consisted mainly of uronic acid, Ara, Man, Gal and Glc (molar ratio of 0.52:0.97:0.63:1.00:0.54). Furthermore, the activity of GE culture was higher compared with culture without GE, indicating that GE helped to enhance the immune activity of P. linteus; also, it is assumed that the polysaccharide plays an important role in immune enhancement.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.431-440
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• 2015

This study was performed to evaluate the quality characteristics of sausages after addition of lentil and Opuntia ficus-indica ethanol extract. Seven sausages were prepared as follows : F0 (control), F1 (5% lentils), F2 (5% lentils + 1% Opuntia ficus-indica), F3 (5% lentils + 3% Opuntia ficus-indica), F4(10% lentils), F5 (10% lentils + 1% Opuntia ficus-indica), and F6 (10% lentils + 3% Opuntia ficus-indica). Addition of lentils increase dietary fiber and starch in sausage while lowering fat content. Starch is used in manufacturing sausage to stabilize and increase viscosity. Opuntia ficus-indica contains dietary fibers and therefore addition of it to sausage increases dietary fiber, much like lentil addition. Lightness decreased and yellowness increased in all treatments. Redness was lowered by lentil addition but enhanced by addition of Opuntia ficus-indica. Redness in F3 and F5 were similar with control. But, F5 was more similar with control in all colors. Addition of lentil and Opuntia ficus-indica improved texture in hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness. In sensory evaluation, color was lowered but taste was heightened by adding lentil and Opuntia ficus-indica extract. From results of this study, we could conclude that addition of mixture of lentil and Opuntia ficus-indica made sausage low in fat, with high in dietary fibers and starch. In addition, texture was increased and taste was better. F5 had the most similar color to control. We found out the optimal amounts of the two ingredients, lentil and Opuntia ficus- indica extract, were 10% and 1%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.981-986
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• 2004

This study were investigated the effects of physiologically active compounds isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The experimental groups were divided into six groups, normal, diabetic control (CM), and four experimental groups (inulin (IN), inulin + saponin (IS), oligosaccharide (OS), and total extract group (WE)). The rats have free access to water and diet. Experimental groups were administered orally with inulin (630 mg/mL), inulin (630 mg/mL) + saponin (25.2 mg/mL), oligosaccharide (367.5 mg/mL), and total extract (225 mg/mL) into the diabetic rats for 5 weeks after STZ injection; The levels of fasting blood glucose in diabetic control increased by 10.0% for 5 weeks, but the level of blood glucose in inulin and total extract groups decreased by 21.3% and 21.2%, respectively. The concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum of diabetic rats fed physiologically activity compounds were lower than those in diabetic control rats. HDL-cholesterol was similar among all the groups. Weights of testicle and heart were lighter, while weight of kidney was significantly increased in diabetic groups than normal group. The concentrations of serum protein insulin and albumin in diabetic groups were significantly decreased compared with those of the normal group. Urinary glucose excretion was decreased in inulin group than other diabetic groups.