• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2019

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.858-864
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• 2011

The phenolic compounds of walnut extracts by various solvents were shown to be 24.3 mg/g in hot water, 34.4 mg/g in ethanol, 32.5 mg/g in methanol and 15.1 mg/g in acetone. In a comparison of phenolic compounds from hot water and different concentrations of ethanol, which are harmless, 60% ethanol extract and hot water extract were 34.7 mg/g, 24.6 mg/g. The electron donating ability (EDA) of walnut extracts in hot water and 60% ethanol were 78.1% and 80.6%. According to ABTS radical cation decolorization for antioxidant activity, hot water and 60% ethanol extract showed high antioxidant activities of 98.1% and 98.3%. Antioxidant protection factor (PF) were $1.1{\pm}0.2$ PF and $1.1{\pm}0.4$ PF in hot water and 60% ethanol extract. In TBARs inhibitory activity, each extract showed high antioxidant activities at 60% and 75%. Anti-inflammation effects of walnut extract were tested, and inhibition of NO was 50% in 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ phenolics. Inhibitory activity against iNOS and COX-2 were shown, through Western blot, to be 10% in 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ phenolics. Tyrosine inhibitory activity of 60% ethanol extract was 43%, and astringent effect of 60% ethanol extract was 55%. These results suggest that walnut extracts are suitable for functional cosmetics requiring skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2015

Several studies suggest that regular consumption of walnuts may have beneficial effects against oxidative stress-mediated disease such as cancer. The present study reports the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, together with the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of several solvent extracts (methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) obtained from walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husk. MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values of the walnut extracts for 8 human pathogenic bacteria strain were determined using agar dilution method. Antioxidant activity of extracts were assessed using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) assays, EC₅₀ of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content and its correlation with DPPH and ABTS scavenging capacities. Among the six extracts, ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc Ex) showed the highest antimicrobial activity at 3.2 mg/ml of MICs against Staphylococcus aureus SG511. Total flavonoids and polyphenol contents of EtOAc Ex were 42.48 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE)/g and 223.25 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g respectively. The highest antioxidative potential was shown by the sample extracted with EtOAc Ex (EC₅₀=13.43 μg/ml for DPPH and EC₅₀=41.83 μg/ml for ABTS radical scavenging activity assay). These results showed that J. regia green husk extracts can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antibacterial agents and natural antioxidants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.611-617
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• 2010

The current studies aim is to analyze the production cost of walnut tree cultivation and its object was targeted at walnut tree cultivating household region 163. The analysis is as follows. Our domestic walnut tree cultivating households averagely have cultivated about 0.7ha, and planting number per ha was averagely 204, and it showed that compared to the standard planting number (100), the plantation was done close planted. The most cultivar cultivated according to regions were Chungbuk region: sangchon 65.7%, Chungnam region: kwangduk 68.6%, Jeonbuk region: sangchon 98.0%, Gyeongbuk region: daeboo 61.2%. The production cost for cultivating walnuts can be classified into the followings; management cost(4436 thousand won/ha) such as manufacturing cost(292 thousand won/ha), intermediate material cost(3682 thousand won/ha), rent(103 thousand won/ha), employment cost(653 thousand won/ha) etc, and self-serviced expenses such as self-laboring cost(5,834 thousand won/ha), land security cost(490 thousand won/ha), fixed capital cost(834 thousand won/ha), circulating capital cost(234 thousand won/ha) etc. 11,820 thousand won were invested for the production cost of walnut and it made 11,586 thousand won/ha(rate of investment 72.3%) profit, and the net income was 4,196 thousand won/ha(net income rate 26.2%), showing high amount of income. The manufactured walnuts were marketed in Nong-hyup 39.8%, wholesalers 20.8%, dealers 19.8% and recently, as the amount of goods marketed directly to consumers themselves have increased, the income has reached up to 18.9%. At the basis of making most of idle soil, walnut tree's cultivated regions are fairly small, and due to the characteristics of sideline management, it has its limits in searching for production policy locally and promotion strategy of industries. Therefore, if the basic database can be established, subjected only to full-time cultivating households, then not only would the differences between the imported walnuts be reinforced, it would also be possible to transfer into the new and improved distribution system. Furthermore, through establishment of the database, it can be anticipated that it would contribute greatly in the increase of the household income.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.29-43
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• 2016

Pesto were prepared with five different nuts including pine nut, sunflower seed, pumpkin seed, walnut and almond to examine the antioxidant properties(total polyphenols, total flavonoids, electron donating ability) and sensory test(attribute difference, acceptance). Pesto were measured based on color value, pH, viscosity, total cell numbers for 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days at $4^{\circ}C$. The higher total phenol and total flavonoid content of pesto added with various nuts was higher antioxidant capacity. Basil pesto added with sunflower seeds and walnuts were considered to be more functional more than pine nuts addition. The attribute difference test results was the color intensity, nut taste, bitter taste, coarseness, oily taste, thickness were evaluated significant difference kinds of nuts. Gloss, basil flavor, nuts flavor, basil taste were not evaluated significant difference in kind of nuts. The preference test results reveal that the appearance, taste, texture and overall preference level was the highest in PNP(pinenut pesto) and SSP(sunflower seed). L value, pH, decrease while a value, b value and viscosity increased as kind of nuts in during storage. Total cell number increased and then decreased a little at a certain point. When prepared pesto, SSP(sunflower seed) was the highest in antioxidant property, and change of color value, pH, viscosity, total cell number were the lowest. In addition to the use of pine nuts, sunflower seeds have been identified are possible.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.236-246
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• 2014

Purpose: Walnut is known to have unique favorable fatty acids, phytochemicals, and other nutrient profiles. As a result, there has been growing interest in evaluation of its health benefit related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although inverse associations of nut consumption and risk factors of cardiovascular disease have been reported in many epidemiological studies and qualitative reviews, few meta-analysis studies have been reported. This meta-analysis was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of a walnut-enhanced diet on CVD risk factors. Methods: We searched Pubmed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and KISS (Korean studies Information Service System) through July 2014. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on 17 trials reporting total cholesterol (TC), 14 trials reporting LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), 15 trials reporting HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), 17 trials reporting triglyceride (TG), and four trials reporting flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Results: In meta-analysis, intake of a walnut-enhanced diet resulted in significantly lowered TC, LDL-C, and TG by -0.124 mmol/l (95% CI, -0.209, -0.039; p = 0.004), -0.085 mmol/lL (95% CI, -0.167, -0.004; p = l0.039), and -0.080 mmol/l (95% CI, -0.155, -0.004; p = 0.039), respectively. The overall pooled estimate of the effect on FMD was +1.313% (95% CI, 0.744, 1.882, p = 0.000). HDL-C was not affected by walnut intake. No statistical heterogeneity was observed for any analysis. Results of funnel plots and Egger's regression suggested a low likelihood of publication bias in all biomarkers (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Findings of this meta-analysis provide consistent evidence that walnut-enhanced diet intake reduces the CVD risk factors.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1989

These experiments were carried out to study the factors affecting quality and textural characteristics in the preparation of artificial gluten meat (AGM). Effects of heating temperature and heating time on properties of AGM and sensory evaluation were summarized as follows: 1. In heating temperature and heating time, the samples cooked at $120^{\circ}C$ more approached to raw beef than samples cooked at $100^{\circ}C$ in L Values. The samples were not affected significantly by heating time, but the sample cooked at $120^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes rather approached to raw beef on textural properties. 2. Results of sensory evaluation. (1) Sensory panelists liked the sample that contained 30% of walnut, 100% of water, and cooked at $120^{\circ}C$ of heating for 20 minutes, because the sample showed the best color, springiness and chewiness on those conditions. (2) Different formulas of walnut and oil in AGM showed significantly in color and juiciness, and then they liked the sample containing 30% of walnut and 10% of oil. (3) Different formulas of oil and water showed significantly in hardness, juiciness and shear force, and then they liked the sample containing 10% of oil and 100% of water.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 2014

The sap outflow characteristics of Juglans sinensis and J. mandshurica were investigated to evaluate the optimum pruning period of walnut tree that there is a sap spill on dormant. The total period of sap outflow were 34 days for both J. sinensis and J. mandshurica. Total amount of sap outflow per tree in J. sinensis and J. mandshurica were 2,922 mL/tree and 3,135 mL/tree, respectively and the period of sap outflow and non sap outflow between two species were similar. ANOVA analysis showed that the amount of sap outflow was significant differences with day of sap outflow but there were no significant differences between species. From the correlation analysis between air-temperature and sap outflow, daily minimum temperature showed a positive correlation at the 1% level of significance (r=0.56 and r=0.46) for both J. sinensis and J. mandshurica. When branch of walnut tree that diameter is 5 cm cut on the period of sap outflow, the sap flowed down the longest period (48 days) but the sap outflow was not observed after budburst. Therefore, our study supported that the pruning have to avoid the period of sap outflow to reduce sap outflow of walnut tree.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of stage costumes of a children's play and to creatively design them for the play, 'The Nutcracker', in an attempt to expand the means of expressing designs for stage costumes for children's plays. The Nutcracker, a play written by the German author, E. T. A. Hoffman in 1816, is better known today through its ballet adaptation by Tchaikovsky, and various versions have been presented by ballet companies and drama producers. The characteristics of the stage costume in a children's play are visual artistry, decoration, activity, and visual attention. The costume shows visual artistry because stage costumes with high artistry can increase the elements of fantasy and visual satisfaction in a play for children. The various decorative elements in stage costumes can help capture the attention of children and enhance their interest in the play. As dynamic movement and lines are often used to prevent children from becoming bored, activity must be taken into account when designing stage costumes. Visual attention is required to help children become better immersed in a play, and color selections for the stage costumes need to be emphasized. Thirteen characters were selected to develop a total of 13 pieces of stage costume in a standard size for a 9-year-old child. The design was focused on enhancing the fantastic elements and the entertainment value, and diversified surface decoration techniques were applied to the costume to draw the attention of children and express the formative beauty.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.2
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• pp.292-299
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the regional specialization of Fruit trees in Korea and to provide direction for the activation. As a result of the analysis, In the case of chestnut, Gongjun is adjacent to Cheongyang and Buyeo. These region are classified as deeply specialized regions. Walnut trees are grown in large amounts in Gimcheon-si, Yeongdong-gun and Muju-gun, which are all regions classified as deeply specialized regions. Jujube trees are grown mostly Gyeongsan-si, Gunwi-gun, Cheongdo-gun and Yeongcheonsi are geographically close to each other. The production quantity of these areas also showed steady growth. These region are classified as deeply specialized regions. Astringent persimmons are Sangju-si and Yeoungdonggun are close to each other. Other regions are scattered over the country.