• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 2005

About the phenomenon of being imaged of everything, the scholars of the humanities who had studied on the simple reason structure in a text have been in a big agony how accept it. Especially, semiologists have studied about this for a long time and the points at issues of Saussure, Peirce as well as Umbeto Eco are more outstanding. Being based upon his philosophic interesting from medieval esthetics to modern semiotics, Eco was very concerned about the field of general esthetics and poputar arts like television and cartoons. He connected the mutual open-relations between 'signifier' and 'signified' debated in Semiotics with the open and vague modern arts and regarding it as a deviation from the custom, intensively studied the film-media. Saussure is a representative figure of semiotics and explained Sign and the character of semiotics as the division into two parts such as signifier/ signified, form/ substance, langue/ parole, synchrony/ diachrony. The triadic semiotics (the theory that Sign is composed of the triadic structure like sign, referent and interpretant) of Peirce put the new item- 'interpretant' in sign and referent to connect them and open the possibility to introduce time in to the Sign. In this paper, I try to analyze a cartoon film in the semiotic structure with the systemic, reasonable and logical approach and analysis as as possible. While the images shown through a film were depended on the romantic and impressional judge in the past, due to semiotics, it' s quite possible to correlate the procedure of symbolization to social coherence so that we analyze the incredible power of images to suck audiences with the systemetic Sign. I accept all ot film-images including a cartoon film as not the simple esthetic arts but a social custom and system, want to serve as a aid to properly understand world and humanbeings and prevent the film-image from being mystic. A cartoon and a cartoon film which were begun with the link of a text and an illustration give shape to all of images such as materials, places and even thoughts with a cartoon icon existed in only a cartoon. A cartoon and a cartoon film simply and exquistely conceptualize the complex and vague attribute of an organic creature and extend them infinetly beyond language. However, it can be exploited as a mysticism to temptate the general public and a faking material. In addition to that, it can distort our world-knowledge engaging a political power and the massive power of mass media. In this paper, being based on semiotics to approach a cartoon film in a scientific and organic system, I conclude that a non-linguistic cartoon expression is entangled with the manifold signs and implies the supplementary meanings just like a regular linguistic expression. It remarks that the iconic images of a cartoon film are composed of the social codes and can be analyzed on grounds of a linguistic system.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.390-395
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• 2004

In order to characterize ion channels present in tomato roots, microsomes were incorporated into an artificial lipid bilayer arranged for electrophysiological analysis. Of the five different ion channels that could be found, a channel of 450 pS conductance was found most frequently. This channel displayed subconductance states of 450, 257 and 105 pS. All subconductance states showed linear current-voltage relationships. At positive holding potentials, high frequency of transient channel openings was observed; however, at negative potentials, the open times were long and open probability high. Po was 0.83 at -40 mV. When an additional 50 mM $K^+\;or\;Na^+$ was added to the cis side of bilayer, the reversal potentials shifted in the negative direction to near -10 mV. Thus, the 450 pS cation channel selects poorly between $K^+\;and\;Na^+$. In the presence of $100\;{\mu}M$ metal ions, the channel activity was severely inhibited by $La^{3+},\;Ba^{2+},\;and\;Zn^{2+}$, and Po was decreased to 0.2 or even less. However, $Al^{3+}\;and\;Cd^{2+}$ decreased the activity by only 20%. Interestingly, each metal ion showed different kinetics of channel inhibition. While $500\;{\mu}M\;La^{3+}$ inhibited the activities of all subconductance state, 1 mM $Zn^{2+}$ inhibited all except the 105 pS state. $Cd^{2+}$ changed the gating of the channel from a long-opening state to brief transient openings even at negative holding potentials. These data represent that the metal ions may have different binding sites on the channel protein and could be useful modulators and probes to investigate structural characteristics as well as the functional roles of the 450 pS channel on the root physiology.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.376-385
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• 1984

The habit of anthesis and maturity of sesame were investigated as a basic research for the improvement of high-yielding varieties and cultural practices. Eight different plant types were identified using typical cultivars among gene pool grown in Korea. Non-branching, Monocapsule, Bicarpels quadriloculi (NMB) type showed higher ratio for capsule setting compared with Non-branching, Monocapsule, Quadricarpels octoloculi (NMQ) type. Non-branching, Tricapsules, Quadricarpels octoloculi(NTQ) type presented lower ratio for capsule setting than non-branching, tricapsules, bicarpels quadriloculi(NTB) type. The number of flowers by flower setting position was the highest on lower part, intermediate on middle part, and the lowest on higher part in NMB and NTB type. However, the number of flowers was the highest on middle part, intermediate on lower part, and lowest on higher part in NMQ and NTQ type. BMB type appeared to have the highest ratio for capsule setting when compared with the other plant types. BTB type with many flowers and capsules exhibited higher percentage for capsule setting than BTQ type with lowest capsule setting percentage. Capsule setting percentage of branch appeared to be lower than that of main stern in the branching type. The branching type had more flowers and capsules than non-branching type. Tricapsules type had more flowers and capsules per plant than monocapsule type, and bicarpels quadriloculi type had more than quadricarpels octoloculi type. However, capsule setting ratio in non-branching type was higher than in branching type. The ratio was higher in monocapsule type than in tricapsules type. Bicarpels quadriloculi type had higher ratio of capsule setting than quadricapels octoloculi type. Number of capsules per plant and capsule setting ratio are supposed to be dominated by shape of capsule (number of carpels and loculi), not by branching or number of capsules per axil. The order of number of capsules per plant was as follows; BTB, BMB, NTB, BTQ, BMQ, NTQ, NMQ, and NMB types. However, the order of capsule setting ratio was as follows: BMB, NMB, NTB, NTQ, NMQ, BMQ, BTB, BTQ types. Consequently, branching, tricapsules, bicarpels quadriloculi(BTB) type was considered as a sourse of breeding for high yielding varieties by introducing the genes govering BMB type with one capsule per axil which has high capsule setting ability.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.261-272
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• 2008

This study was conducted to provide the fundamental data based on the agronomic characteristics of domestic aroma rice, widely cultivated domestic rice and foreign aroma rice for breeding of functional aromatic rice. Among the 104 varieties, all of domestic aroma rice and widely cultivated rice varieties were headed, 24 of 84 varieties of foreign aroma rice were not headed. The average heading date of domestic aroma rice Japonica types of domestic rice was later as 136 day, and Tongil types of domestic aroma rice were faster as 122 day. The average culm length of Indica types of foreign aroma rice was longer as 130 cm, and Tongil types of were shorter as 74 cm. The average panicle length of domestic aroma rice and traditional rice were about 21 cm, and Indica types of foreign aroma rice were longer as 29.5 cm. The average 1,000 grain weight of Tongil types of domestic aroma rice and was not a difference with the domestic aroma rice and was more 2.5 g than the Indica types of foreign aroma rice. The average ratio of grain width and length of Indica types of foreign aroma rice were highest as 3.29 (W/L), and the domestic traditional rice was lowest as 1.7 (W/L). The average fertility rate of the domestic aroma rice, the widely cultivated domestic rice, and the Japonica types of foreign aroma rice were above 89.7%, but the Indica types of foreign and the Tongil types of domestic aroma rice were below 65.4%. The average germination rate of foreign aroma rice were above 83.7%, and domestic aroma rice were above 90.4%. The non-glutinous rice were 64 varieties (84.2%) of total 104 accessions of material rice and the waxy rice were 7 varieties (1%). In the domestic aroma rice, Hyangmi2ho and Aranghyangchalbyeo has a mild aroma grade. In the foreign aroma rice, 22 of 40 varieties of Indica types and 9 of 16 varieties of Japonica types has a lightly aroma grade. And 13 varieties of widely cultivated domestic rice has a non-aroma grade.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.409-420
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• 2015

The Sangdae-ri riverside around Musimcheon stream, flowing through Gadeok-myon of Cheongju City, is one of the representative strawberry fields employing water curtain cultivation (WCC) in Korea. In this area, annual groundwater use for WCC has been calculated by a few methods. On the assumption that all the water flowing through the final ditch may be mostly composed of groundwater, the discharge rate in it can be used as a good proxy for assessing the groundwater use. However, in the study area, the final ditch was set up in an unpaved state near and parallel to Musimcheon stream. Under such circumstances, the drainwater is likely to be influenced by infiltration and/or inflow of nearby stream. Hence, we examined whether or not stream water has influenced water flowing out through the final ditch in respect of ion concentrations or field parameters such as T, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) values. The period of measuring field parameters and sample collection was from February 2012 through February 2015. The drainwater in the final ditch did not show the average quality of groundwater, but similar quality of stream water in respect of pH, EC, ion contents and water type. From this, it is suggested that measuring the flow rate of the final ditch should not be directly used for assessing groundwater use in the study area. In addition, because of its sensitivity to ambient temperature, water temperature proved not to be appropriate for estimating the interaction between ditch and stream. For accuracy, additional methods will be needed to calculate mixing ratios between stream and ground water within drainage system.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Miscellaneous cereal have been largely consumed in Korea as due to their physiological functions beneficial to human health. The cereals are currently a social concern because they have been found to contain heavy metals. Thus, monitoring heavy metals in the cereals is an important requirement for food safety analysis. In this study, we determined arsenic concentration in the cereals randomly harvested from different markets. METHODS AND RESULTS: Inorganic arsenic was determined by ICP-MS coupled with HPLC system. The HPLC-ICP-MS analysis was optimized based on the limit of detection and recover test to reach $0.13-1.24{\mu}g/kg$ and 94.3-102.1%, respectively. The concentrations of inorganic arsenic equivalent to daily exposure were levels of $19.91{\mu}g/day$ in mixed grain, $1.07{\mu}g/day$ in glutinous rice, $0.77{\mu}g/day$ in black brown rice, $0.13{\mu}g/day$ in barley and $0.11{\mu}g/day$ in soybeans. CONCLUSION: The levels of arsenic in miscellaneous cereals were found lower than the recommended The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) levels, suggesting that the cereals marketed in Korea are not potential concern in risk assessment.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1998

Concerned to the lyfe cycle of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, the experimental infection and development of the parasites were studied in the several freshwater cultured fishes. Opitimum conditions for the propagation of the parasite by serial passage with the rainbow trout fry was observed. Visiable white spots were examined in the body surface, fins and gills of the healthy fries, and a stable infection has been maintained for 2 months in the experimental system (Temperature: $18{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ DO: 7-7.5 ppm; pH: $7{\pm}0.2$). Induction conditions for artificial infection of the parasite by interms of the host fishes, stages of the parasites, and rearing temperature regimes was investigated. Rainbow trout fries showed a positive infection which was resulted from exposure of theront at $18^{\circ}C$. The rainbow trout fries induced white spots on the body surface at 3-7 days exposure to the theronts at $18^{\circ}C$. It was found that exposure of the rainbow trout fries exposed to 1,000 theronts per fish (10 theront/ml) for 45-60 minutes at $18^{\circ}C$ would consistently produce infection. Perfect infection (100%) was induced when the fries were exposed to 1,500 theront per fish (15 theront/ml) under laboratory condition. Development of I. multifiliis in the rainbow trout was observed for 7 days postexposure (PE). The parasite increased in average diameter from $54{\mu}m$ on the 1st day PE to $426{\mu}m$ on the 7th day PE. In the initial infestation period, the parasites were found on the gill epithelium, and on the 3rd day PE they invaded into the basal part of the gill filament adjacent to the major blood vessels, particularly the afferent vessels. Morphological change of buccal apparatus were observed on the 2nd day PE. Contractile vacuoles were more prominent on the 4th day PE, and they had notable changes on the 7th day PE.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.196-202
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• 2009

The effects of the salts fortified with seaweed functional components on blood pressure, serum minerals, and hematochemicals in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/NCrj) and normotensive rats (WKY/NCrj) were investigated. SHR and WKY rats were assigned to four groups, with 8 and 6 rats in each group: laver salt (A), fucoidan+laver high salt (B), fucoidan + laver low salt (C) and refined salt as a control (D). The final blood pressure (BP) of SHR and WKY species in contrast with reference BP were low in groups A and C as compared with control group. In terms of serum mineral content, $Na^+$ levels were similar in SHR and WKY, but $K^+$ levels were higher in the group B in SHR. Serum triglyceride levels were lower in groups A and C, but the levels of HDL- and LDL- cholesterol were significantly higher and lower in group A than those of controls, respectively (p<0.05). These results demonstrated that the salts fortified with laver might suppress blood pressure in rats, and also may improve mineral and lipid metabolism.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.96-105
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• 2005

For screening of autoregulator receptor gene from Streptomyces longwoodensis, PCR was performed with primers of receptor gene designed on the basis of amino acid sequences of autoregulator receptor proteins with known function. PCR products were subcloned into the BamHIsite of pUC19 and transformed into the E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$. The isolated plasmid from transformant contained the fragment of 100 bp, which was detected on $2\%$ gel after BamHI treatment. The insert, 100 bp PCR product, was confirmed as the expected internal segment of gene encoding autoregulator receptor protein by sequencing. Southern and colony hybridizations with the 100 bp fragment as a probe allowed to select a genomic clone of S. longwoodensis, pSLT harboring a 4.4 kb SphI fragment. Nucleotide sequencing analyses revealed a 651 bp open reading frame(ORF) were isolated protein showing moderate homology ($35{\sim}46\%$) with the ${\Gamma}$-butyrolactone autoregulator receptors from Streptomyces sp., and this ORF was named sltR The sltR/pET-17b plasmid was constructed to overexpress the recombinant SltR protein (rSltR) in E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pLysS, and the rSltR protein was purified to homogeneity by DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography, and DEAE-5PW chromatography (HPLC). The molecular mass of the purified rSltR protein was 55 kDa by HPLC gel-filtration chromatography and 28 kDa by SDS-PAGE, indicating that the rSltR protein is present as a dimer. A binding assay with tritium-labeled autoregulators revealed that the rSltR has clear binding activity with a A-factor type autoregulator as the most effective ligand.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2001

Recently many studies have reported that total and bioavailable androgens reduced in male and female athletes and that physical exercise reduces the body weight and increases the reproductive abnormalities such as oligomenorrhea, anovulation, inadequate luteal phase, and delayed puberty in women by the inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis . In addition, high mileage endurance 겨nning, psychological stress, and military endurance training in men also reduce the secretion of reproductive hormones. To investigate the efffcts of physical endurance exercise on the secretion of reproductive hormones in men, androgenic hormones from adrenal glands and testis were measured in serum by the conventional radioimmunoassays after long-term (more than3 months), short-term (1 week), and acute (1${sim}$2 hours) physical exercises. Androgenic hormones from adrenal glands and testis such as total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (fT), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and androstenedione (A) decreased after thesestrenuous endurance trainings, whereas ACTH, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfetes (DHEAS) increased. Conadotropins (LH and FSH) were not idluenced by the physical exercises. Based upon the present results, we assume that the decrease in adrenal and testicular androgens by physical endurance exercises might be associated with the reproductive abnormalities in athletes by unknown factor(s) in addition to the HPG axis disturbance.