• Korean Business Review
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• v.11
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• pp.295-317
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• 1998

Environmental accounting identifies and measures environmental costs and provides them to interested parties of corporation. The purposes of this study are as follows: First, it investigates the method of measurement and the timing of recognition of environmental costs. Second, it suggests the method of disclosure of environmental costs. In order to accomplish these objectives, this study reviewed relevant literature and studies in advanced countries and Korea. The main results of this study can be summarized into four points: (1) environmental costs are classified into environmental pollution cost and environmental pollution prevention cost, by considering the sources of occurrence of, the functions of and the types of environmental costs. (2) the methods of measurement of environmental costs are various but they almost all subjective and arbitrary. So an accurate measurement of environmental cost is actually difficult. (3) According to the accrual basis, environmental costs are recognized respective to prior period adjustments, expenses or losses of the current period and the assets of the next period. (4) There are 3 methods of disclosure of environmental costs: an extension model of financial statements, a compromise model, and an original model. An extension model financial statements is easy to apply in business practice because it discloses environmental costs by adding accounts into the framework of a traditional accounting system or supplementary reports. This research can contribute to the establishment of accounting standards for environmental costs in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.578-588
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• 2002

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of transverse reinforcement in reinforced concrete tied columns subjected to monotonically increasing axial compression. Eighteen large-scale columns(260$\times$260$\times$1200 mm) were tested. Effects of main variables such as the concrete compressive strength, the tie configuration, the transverse reinforcement ratio, the tie spacing, and the spatting of the concrete cover were considered. High-strength concrete columns under concentric axial loads show extremely brittle behavior unless the columns are confined with transverse reinforcement that can provide sufficiently high lateral confinement pressure There is a consistent decrease in deformability of column specimen with increasing concrete strength. Test results were compared with the previous confinement model such as modified Kent-Park, Sheikh-Uzumeri, Mander, and Saatcioglu-Razvi model. The comparison indicates that many previous models for confined concrete overestimate or underestimate the ductility of confined concrete.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.1B
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• pp.45-54
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• 2003

In the Protocol-Independent Multicast Sparse Mode(PIM-SM), we need a careful selection scheme for the Rendezvous Point(RP) which influences much on the QoS due to the delay among multicast group members and packet loss The QoS based RP selection schemes choose RPs which satisfy the restriction conditions such as bandwidth, delay, and other QoS parameters In this paper, we propose a new RP selection scheme which is a variation of the group-based RP selection scheme The new algorithm, MCT(Maximum Cross Tree), is implemented by taking advantages of the topology-based selection scheme and the group-based selection scheme as well In order to verify the proposed algorithm, we first measure the multicast traffic data of the Virtual Conference System implemented on the IPv6 network via KOREN, then expand the results to two types of network models and analyze the performance by computer simulation.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 1996

A multipotential hematopojetic cell line, 1(562 cell, was differentiated into megakaryocyte by a chemical inducer, PMA, with an enhanced expression of gpIlla accompaning with a distinct morphological change. On the other hand, 1(562 cells were differentiated into erythrocytes by other chemical inducers, DMSO or butyrate, with a concomitant increase in hemoglobin accumulation. An antigen of apparent molecular weight of 61 kDa was identified on the surface of 1(562 cells by using monoclonal antibody raised against 1(562 cells. The antigen was considered to be a glycoprotein molecule rich in sialic acids and the epitope of antigen was sensitive to neuraminidase digestion or peroxidase oxidation, but resistant to heat treatment. The 61 kDa surface antigen was increased or decreased in its expression along differentiation of 1(562 cells into megakaryocytes or erythrocytes, respedively.

• Plant Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2018

Nuclear safety law's amendment caused many problems to use radiography testing(RT). Phased array ultrasonic testing(PAUT) was adapted instead of RT for NDE of welding points in boiler tubes these days. Unfortunately, PAUT doesn't give us the discrimination characteristics about flaws distinction and flaws size clearly. In this thesis, the distinction characteristics of flaw types and the detection characteristics of flaw size using PAUT of welding points in boiler tubes were analyzed. It was concluded that PAUT can distinguish between planar flaws and rounded flaws, but it is hard to tell apart the types of flaw respectively. We paid attention to the discrimination of flaws size because PAUT tends to underestimate the flaw size of porosity and underestimate or overestimate the flaw size of porosity.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.105-119
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• 2002

The purpose of the study is to examine the characteristic of recreation forest that has been rapidly developed and increased since late 1980's. Also, the process and spatial distribution of recreation forest is analyzed. For the analyses of the characteristic of recreation forest, the concept of recreation forest that has been researched and published is explored and examined. To explain the process and spatial distribution, recreation forest used by people at present is studied in terms of time and space. It is concluded that the characteristic of recreation forest serve as nature oriented forest as well as functions as recreational space and educational place on nature. The recreation forest also produces wood far economic purpose and gives owners economic benefit. Also the study leads us to the conclusion that the process of recreation forest is related to changes in leisure activity caused by shorter working hours and tourist behavior. Finally, from this study, we can conclude that natural and social conditions have an effect on spatial distribution as an important variable.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.572-584
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to identify the female nurses' perception of the types and characteristics of male nurses using Q-methodology, which can explore human subjectivity. The 35 selected Q-statements from each of 35 subjects were classified into a normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using the PC-QUANL program. Principal Component Analysis identified 3 types of perception toward male nurses. Type 1 was classified as 'development-oriented support type', Type 2 was classified as 'realistic critical type', and Type 3 was classified as 'conservative acceptance type'. The consensus of opinion in each type was 'Male nurses are under stress due to the unique characteristics of a female-dominated workplace'. These results will contribute to the perception improvement of female nurses toward male nurses by developing arbitration programs based on the three types.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2007

생활하수, 공장폐수, 농경유출수에 의해 수생태계로 유입된 다양한 화학물질들은 수서곤충이나 어류와 같은 수생생물에게 나쁜 영향을 주곤 한다. 비스페놀A와 노닐페놀을 포함하는 많은 화학물질들이 내분비계 장애물질(EDCs)로 의심되고 있고, 그들은 환경속에서 서로 다른 혼합형태로 공존하기도 한다. 따라서 비스페놀A와 노닐페놀의 혼합물이 독성과 생식학적 반응에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 일본산 송사리의 수정란 치사율, 부화율 및 부화시간, 치어의 성장율 및 비텔로제닌 농도 등이 측정되었다. 수정된 지 24시간 이내의 수정란을 대조군, 양성대조군($17{\beta}-estradiol$), 그리고 서로 다른 농도의 비스페놀A와 노닐페놀의 혼합물에 부화 후 60일까지 유수식 조건하에 노출시켰다. 수정란${\sim}$치자어 단계에서는 대조군과 비교하여 실험군의 치사율 및 부화율, 부화시간에 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 부화 후 60일간의 노출 후 성장(길이, 무게)에 있어서도 비록 양성대조군에서 낮은 성장상태를 보였지만 다른 혼합물의 실험군들과는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 한편 체내 비텔로제닌 농도는 혼합물의 농도증가에 따라 증가하였으며 수컷의 경우 최저농도의 혼합물(Treatment A)을 제외한 실험군에서 농도증가에 따라 증가하였다. 반면 양성대조군의 경우 수컷이 발견되지 않았고 암컷 체내의 비텔로제닌 농도는 최고농도의 혼합물(Treatment D) 실험군과 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 위 실험을 통해 각각의 내분비계 장애물질이 개별적으론 생식발달 및 비텔로제닌 유도에 무영향농도(NOEC)라 하더라도 혼합된 경우 영향이 나타날 수 있다는 것을 보여주었으며, 이는 수환경 내 다양한 화학물들의 혼합효과(combination effect)가 생태위해성평가를 좀더 면밀하게 하기 위해서 주의 깊게 고려되어야 한다고 제안한다.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

We suggest a new spatial linear interpolation method to substitute linear interpolation method which widely used in transportation engineering to impute the missing daily traffic volume. We layout daily traffic volume which is time series data over the virtual lattice space to consider the spatial correlation. We used Moran Index to evaluate the spatial correlations among daily traffic volume in same week and same date traffic volume by week considering the circularity of daily traffic volume. For real application, we used daily traffic volume on November, 2004 provided by Korea Institute of Construction Technology(KICT) and transformed daily traffic volume to 4 times 7 virtual lattice space to reflect the spatial correlation. Finally we showed that the spatial linear interpolation method has good performance for missing data imputation based on MAPE, RMSE, and Theil's U criteria.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2005

이 연구는 SKBR3 인간 유방암세포주에 대한 귀전우 메탄올추출물(CME)의 증식억제 효과, 세포사 유발 효과 및 항산화 활성을 확인하기 위해 이루어졌다. SKBR3 유방암세포주는 48시간동안 다양한 농도($0{\sim}20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)의 CME가 제공된 곳에서 배양되었고, MMT 측정법을 이용하여 세포생존율을 평가하였다. CME의 50%에서 효과를 나타내게 하는 약물농도인 $ED_{50}$ (effective dose 50%)은 $6.5{\pm}0.3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) 이며, 투여량이 증가함에 따라 농도에 의존하여 세포증식이 억제되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 CME의 증식억제 효과는 유방암세포주의 세포사와 관련됨의 세포의 형태학적 변화와 올리고뉴클레오솜 DNA 파편의 확인을 통해 알 수 있었다. 또한 다양한 농도와 배양시간에서 CME가 ROS의 생산을 억제한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이런 결과들은 귀전우의 메탄올추출물이 SKBR3 인간 유방암세포주에 대해 강력한 증식억제 효과와 강한 항산화 효과를 나타낼 뿐만 아니라 세포사를 유도하는 효능을 가지고 있음을 시사한다. 이러한 효능은 약물에 대한 노출시간과 투여량에 의존하였다. 따라서 귀전우는 다양한 기전에 의해 유방암 세포에 대한 억제효과를 가질 수 있을 것으로 인식할 수 있다.