• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.45-64
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• 2004

The lambda calculus is a mathematical formalism in which functions can be formed, combined and used for computation that is defined as rewriting rules. With the development of the computer science, many programming languages have been based on the lambda calculus (LISP, CAML, MIRANDA) which provides simple and clear views of computation. Furthermore, thanks to the "Curry-Howard correspondence", it is possible to establish correspondence between proofs and computer programming. The purpose of this article is to make available, for didactic purposes, a subject matter that is not well-known to the general public. The impact of the lambda calculus in logic and computer science still remains as an area of further investigation.stigation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.2 s.40
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• pp.239-251
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• 2006

Zheng's signcryption scheme is a new encryptical scheme of which can save more expense than those of the current signature encryption by using digital signature and symmetric key encryption logically. The current signcryption schemes have a problem that is to be exposed the secret key of the receiver in the case of checking repudiation of origin by the third party. To solve this problem, a solution suggested in this paper is to use multi-purpose ID-based signcryption scheme with anonymity and unlinkability. This solution is safe and more efficient than current signcryption schemes because the suggested scheme keeps the security of the random oracle model as using Weil-pairing in encryption. and follows a formal proof of semantic security of the decisional Diffie-Hellman problem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.278-283
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• 2008

As the usefulness of internet is kept changing more productively with web 1.0, web 2.0 usage of XML is also increasing very rapidly. In XML environment the most critical function is the ability of effective retrieval of useful information from XML repository. That makes the W3C XQuery more popular XQuery has very complicated structure as a query language due to the semi_structured nature of XML. FLOWOR, which stand for, let. where, order by, return, is the most commonly used expression in XQuery. In this paper we suggest the methods to handle XQuery FLWOR on relational environments. We also analyze and evaluate our approach to prove its correctness.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.308-315
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• 2007

This study is performed to find out the climb performance of light airplane, Chang Gong-91, as a part of flight test to acquire the certification. Chang Gong-91 is a 5-passenger light aircraft of normal category with single reciprocating engine, and the first officially certified by Korean Ministry of Construction and Transportation in 1993. These flight test procedure and data for climb performance are used to get type certification. We have got maximum climb rate for operating altitude, best angle of climb speed, best rate of climb speed, and absolute ceiling of Chang Gong-91 using drag polar data reduction method from sawtooth climb flight data. Also we compare the form drag coefficient from the results of climb performance and Oswald's effectiveness coefficient to design values using lift-drag curve of light airplane.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 2015

An aircraft, its engine and propeller are certified in processes of design, production, and operation respectively. Type Certificate is issued if the aviation authority finds that the design of aircraft, engine, or propeller complies with applicable airworthiness standards and environmental standards. The ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) prescribes the international standards and recommended practices of type certification for the contracting states. The FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) and the EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency) established their regulations and procedures applicable to type certification. In this paper, we compared the differences among the ICAO, the FAA, and the EASA regulations, and on this comparison, we proposed the rulemaking items to improve type certification regulations in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.959-974
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• 2012

Group signature schemes were made for serving anonymities of signers, but the group signature schemes have been seldomly adapted to the real-world applications because of their low computation and space (i.e. signature length) efficiency, complicated construction, limited user management, and so on. Kang, Hwang, etc. performed the study about the local linkability that is for helping group signature schemes to be adapted more easily to the real world. In this paper, we investigate the nature of local linkability, which did not deal with well in the previous studies, in detail and perform the formal proof for the security of special entities who hold the local linkability.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• no.12
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• pp.17-20
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• 1970

Occasionally, We make mistake of discrimination of sex since a pair of small spots around tile abdomen of 9th abdominal of males and posterior spots of females of the silkworms larvae are found at almost same position. As already have reported, more larvae which have the small spots were found in Chinese race than the Japanese. This research has been conducted in order to grasp the rate of appearance of the small spotted larvae hereditarily when hybridize with different race (F$_1$) 1. According to the first report, average 17,8％ of the small spotted larvae are found in the Japanese race and 57.0％ in the Chinese, but my re-invested data which was carried out recently shows that average 13.6％ in the former case and 37.8％ in the latter. Those new data are supposed to be come to a conclusion that the figures are flexible but in any case high frequency of appearance of the larvae were found in the Chinese race than the Japanese (Reference Table 1 ) 2. Miscalculated ratio of the larvae from males to females are 1.2-2.6％, and from females to males are found 0.5％-0.9％ in the Japanese race, In case of the Chinese race, 7.1-9.4％ in tile former and 2.9-3.4％ in the latter. Those data also shows that more of the larvae found in Chinese race. 3. The larvae of small spotted and non-spotted are also seperated when hlybridize with different mating types and races. 4. More small spotted larvae are seen when hybridize with less appeared of the small spots of females and males which have the small spots than more appeared of the small spots of females with none spotted of the males (Reference Table 2. C.G.)B.F.). 5. More larvae of the small spots and found in case of hybridize in a group of having small spots than none of the spots (H>E). 6. With the exception of the case (A.B), in the same type of cross breeding (C.D, E.F, G,H), more larvae of the smal1 spots are also found in case of hybridize with males of having the spots than none of the spots.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.171-181
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• 2011

This study was conducted to analyze the contents of the e-book and detail the properties of e-book experience. was written by Anthony E. Zuiker who is famous for American TV series C.S.I. is a thriller and is published for the iPad. This e-book provides three levels of interaction within the book. Zuiker calls this e-book a "Digi-Novel". The readers can choose the level of interaction:novel, digi-novel or ultimate digi-novel. The basic background story is the same. So we can compare the difference of reading experience of three levels. Digi-Novel are differentiated from other e-books through their complex characters. Consequently a well-throughout detailed background story is very important for Digi-Novels. In addition, it enrich the reading experience through the interactive elements and multimedia functions of iPad. Readers can interact with clues, manipulate evidence and listen to audio sounds. This serves to immerse the readers much more deeply in the reading experience and makes readers feel like they are a part of story.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-32
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• 2020

Under the Korean case law, physicians are obliged to disclose or inform the risk associated with a specific treatment to their patients before they perform the treatment. If they fail to do this, they are liable to compensate pain and sufferings. If the patient can establish that he or she would not have consented at all to the treatment had he or she been informed, the physicians are liable to compensate all the loss incurred by the treatment. In this article, the author examines the legitimacy of this case law from the perspective of legal doctrine as well as its practical affect on the medical practice and the furtherance of self-determination of the patient. The fundamental findings are as follows: The case law that has physicians who failed to inform treatment risk compensate pain and sufferings for the infringement of the right of self-determination seems to be a disguised and reduced compensation of all the loss based on the possible malpractice, which cannot be justified in view of the general principles of tort liability. It is necessary to adhere to the requirements of causation and imputation between the failure to inform treatment risk and the specific patient's consent to the treatment. If this causation and imputation is established, all the loss should be compensated. Otherwise, there shall be no liability. The so-called hypothetical consent defence shall be regarded as a part of causation between the failure to inform and the consent. The suggested approach can preserve the essence of physician-patient relationship and fit for the very logic of informed consent better.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.447-458
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• 2010

Time expressions are a very important form of information in different types of data. Thus, the recognition of a time expression is an important factor in the field of information extraction. However, most previously designed systems consider only a specific domain, because time expressions do not have a regular form and frequently include different ellipsis phenomena. We present a two-level recognition method consisting of extraction and transformation phases to achieve generality and portability. In the extraction phase, time expressions are extracted by atomic time units for extensibility. Then, in the transformation phase, omitted information is restored using basis time and prior knowledge. Finally, every complete atomic time unit is transformed into a normalized form. The proposed system can be used as a general-purpose system, because it has a language- and domain-independent architecture. In addition, this system performs robustly in noisy data like SMS data, which include various errors. For SMS data, the accuracies of time-expression extraction and time-expression normalization by using the proposed system are 93.8% and 93.2%, respectively. On the basis of these experimental results, we conclude that the proposed system shows high performance in noisy data.