• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.114-118
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• 2019

Duplex sonography has been used to non-invasively diagnose carotid artery disease and to follow up patients with this disease. In carotid artery disease, carotid mobile thrombus and dissection are rarely detected by duplex sonography in patients with cerebrovascular events. In particular, carotid dissection occurs when a small tear forms in the tunica intima and makes 2 lumens in the carotid artery, including true and false lumens. This study reports 3 rare cases of carotid mobile thrombus, spontaneous carotid dissection, and carotid dissection in Takayasu arteritis.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-53
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze word frequency effects on eye fixation duration in Korean reading with a one-boundary diffusion model and to show how these phenomena differ between adults (20-28yrs) and adolescents (13-14yrs). We predicted that the drift rate parameter in the boundary diffusion model would reflect the information processing of the fovea during silent reading. Through an eye movement tracking experiment while controlling word properties such as the word frequency and the age of acquisition, Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 show that the information processing pertaining to words to be placed in the fovea is connected to the drift rate of the one-boundary diffusion model parameters. In Experiment 1,in the adult group, the mean difference in the fixation time in the response proportion between the presence of high-frequency condition and low-frequency condition in the adult group was higher in quantile 0.9 than it was in the 0.1 quantile, but in the adolescent group, the mean difference in the fixation time in the response proportion between the two conditions was not significantly in the 0.9 quartile.In Experiment 2, the mean difference in the fixation time in the response proportion between early-acquired condition and late-acquired condition in both groups was also higher in the quantile 0.9 than in the 0.1 quantile. The distribution of the two conditions in the both groups was positively skewed, and the difference showed the same pattern found in the results of Ratcliff(Ratcliff & McKoon, 2008). Based on the experimental results, we propose one-boundary diffusion model as a tool to explain word property effects and individual differences in reading. In particular, we suggest that the drift rate parameter in the boundary diffusion model reflects the information processing of the fovea during reading. In addition, the results show that one-boundary diffusion model can be used to predict the aforementioned phenomena in reading.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.250-258
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• 2003

Purpose : The actual clinical examples of co-appliance of catheter intervention with surgical procedures in the treatment of pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum(PA/IVS) which we have experienced in our institution are here shown, and the anatomical and hemodynamical profiles between each method is compared. Methods : Medical records of 33 patients with PA/IVS who underwent various treatment from January, 1995 to December, 2000 were reviewed for a retrograde study. Results : In three out of 10 patients who underwent percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvotomy (PPV), residual pulmonary stenosis were observed in their out patient department(OPD) follow-ups, eventually necessitatig balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty(BPV). One out of three patients exhibited deterioration of tricuspid regurgitation after BPV, requiring surgical tricuspid annuloplasty(TAP). Two out of the seven patients who received primarily surgical right ventricle outlet tract(RVOT) repair without any systemic-pulmonary shunt or intervention needed additional intervention employing cardiac catheterization after operation. Two patients received interventional catheterization before surgical RVOT repair. In five out of 11 cases of Fontan type operation, coil embolization of collateral circulation was done before total cavo-pulmonary connection(TCPC), and in three cases, interventional catheterization was needed after TCPC. Conclusion : Both medical and surgical treatment modalities are widely used in management of PA/IVS patients, and recent results prove that medico-surgical cooperative treatment is essential.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.315-347
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the semantic preview effect in the parafoveal processing of words that are presented in advance in the parafoveal area ahead of the fixation point, benefiting word processing in the fovea. Using the boundary technique in eye-tracking experiments, 25 Chinese-Korean bilinguals, whose native language is Chinese, were presented with 96 sentences that contained a mix of Chinese and Korean, where Korean words were associated with Chinese characters semantically. The study aimed to determine whether a semantic preview effect could be extracted in reading. The experimental sentences were divided into four conditions: the same Korean native word condition (e.g., "나라" meaning "country"), the same Korean word with semantic equivalent in Chinese condition (e.g., "국가" meaning "country"), the same Chinese condition with semantic equivalent in Korean (e.g., "国家" meaning "country"), and the unrelated Chinese condition to the target word (e.g., "围裙" meaning "apron"). The results showed a preview effect in both the Korean word and Chinese word conditions, with a larger preview effect observed in the Chinese word condition compared to the Korean word condition.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.951-961
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• 2008

Cooperative diversity is a cooperative technique which exploits user diversity by decoding the combined signal of the relayed signal and the direct signal in wireless multi-hop networks. Using the cooperation, the performance of the network system can be improved because cooperative diversity which is very strong against the fading channels can be achieved. In this paper, we propose the technique that provides the enhanced visual quality of the reconstructed video using the cooperative diversity with the FMO which is the error resilience tool of H.264/AVC standardization over wireless networks. The eye-tracker can detect the gaze point of user and transmit the gaze information to the nodes. After receiving the gaze information of user, each node performs ROI encoding according to the received gaze information. After encoding, video sources are divided into ROI and Non-ROI. Through the simulation results, the better visual quality of the reconstructed video is achieved when ROI and Non-ROI are transmitted through different channels.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.129-159
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• 2024

In the process of reading, readers can process information not only within the fixated region, known as the fovea, but also in the parafoveal region to the right of the fovea. While the parafoveal semantic preview effect has been confirmed in eye-tracking experiments using boundary techniques, research on how the parafoveal preview effects differ depending on the degree of semantic relatedness is still limited. This study investigates the parafoveal preview effects as a function of semantic relatedness with the target word. The experiment utilized Korean-Chinese bilinguals and presented mixed-language sentences as experimental stimuli. Four parafoveal preview conditions were applied to the target words in each sentence: (1) Korean identical condition, where the parafoveal word was the same as the target word (e.g., "나라," meaning "country" in English), (2) Chinese synonymous condition, where the parafoveal word had the same meaning as the target word (e.g., "国家," also meaning "country" in English), (3) Chinese semantically related condition, where the parafoveal word was semantically related to the target word (e.g., "政权," meaning "political power" in English), and (4) Chinese unrelated condition, where the parafoveal word was semantically unrelated to the target word (e.g., "围裙," meaning "apron" in English). The study explored the parafoveal preview effect in terms of the degree of semantic association with the target word. We found the most pronounced preview effect in conditions where the preview and the target word shared the same meaning, and we also observed preview effects in conditions where the semantic relatedness with the target word was relatively weak. This study suggests that the degree of semantic relatedness between the parafoveal preview word and the target word can influence readers' reading processes. It contributes to a better understanding of readers' eye movements and comprehension processes, with potential implications for the development of effective reading strategies and educational methods.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.16A no.6
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• pp.453-462
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• 2009

Studies on software plagiarism detection, prevention and judgement have become widespread due to the growing of interest and importance for the protection and authentication of software intellectual property. Many previous studies focused on comparing all pairs of submitted codes by using attribute counting, token pattern, program parse tree, and similarity measuring algorithm. It is important to provide a clear-cut model for distinguishing plagiarism and collaboration. This paper proposes a source code clustering algorithm using a probability model on extreme value distribution. First, we propose an asymmetric distance measure pdist($P_a$, $P_b$) to measure the similarity of $P_a$ and $P_b$ Then, we construct the Plagiarism Direction Graph (PDG) for a given program set using pdist($P_a$, $P_b$) as edge weights. And, we transform the PDG into a Gumbel Distance Graph (GDG) model, since we found that the pdist($P_a$, $P_b$) score distribution is similar to a well-known Gumbel distribution. Second, we newly define pseudo-plagiarism which is a sort of virtual plagiarism forced by a very strong functional requirement in the specification. We conducted experiments with 18 groups of programs (more than 700 source codes) collected from the ICPC (International Collegiate Programming Contest) and KOI (Korean Olympiad for Informatics) programming contests. The experiments showed that most plagiarized codes could be detected with high sensitivity and that our algorithm successfully separated real plagiarism from pseudo plagiarism.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 1997

The 234 patients who received treatment of midfacial fractures at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Chonnam University Hospital from Jan. 1, 1992 to Dec. 31, 1996 were analyzed clinicostastically. Results obtained were as follows ; Male predominated over females by a ratio of 5.3 to 1. The frequently developing age groups were first 3rd (25%), 4th (21%) and the 2nd (18%) decade on succession. The peakest month was the August (16%), and May (11%), September (9%), October (9%). When it comes to the reasons for in-patients, traffic accident was predominant to 38%. In the 234 cases of midfacial fractures, zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture was the most by 37%. The most common with injury show that facial laceration marked by 49%, neurologic injury 24%, and mandibular fracture 20% each by each. About the time from injury onset to operation, 55% of cases were less than a week while the others (45%) more than a week. 3 plates were used for operation : 2 for zygoma or maxilla fracture and 3 for zygomatiomaxillary complex fracture. especially 4 for Le Fort I fracture, 5.5 for Le Fort I, II ; I, III ; II, III fracture, 7 for Le Fort I,II,III fracture were used. 20 patients (8%) appealed their complication and the most common was reported as infection. Above results suggest that early diagnosis and treatment of fracture site, systemic condition and associated injuries are necessary, and coorperative treatment with medical department should be performed.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.99-105
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• 2002

변화의 속도가 느려서 장기지속적인 전체사의 바탕을 형성하고 있는 지리적 환경에 대한 적응결과로서의 지표경관을 도면상에 표현한 고지는 당시대인들의 세계관과 공간인식을 반영하고 있다. 인간을 둘러싼 지리적 환경은 장기적으로 벼하는 구조이다. 장기지속의 구조사는 지리지와 고지도에 잘 표현되어 있다. 지리지와 고지도에 대한 문헌조사와 현지야외답사를 통하여 경관을 구체적으로 분석하고 지역성과 한국전통지역사회의 원형을 파악하고자 한다. 기존의 연구자들에 의하여 정상기의 동국지도, 김정호의 대동여지도, 북방영토인식, 군현지도, 시대상의 복원과 지리환경 인식, 회화의 측면에서 본 고지도, 지명과 영토문제, 서양식 세계지도의 전래과정등의 연구주제들에 대하여 많은 연구가 이루어졌다. 그러나 기왕의 연구는 고지도에 대한 전체적인 현황 파악과 해제, 전체적인 유형 분류, 특정주제에 대한 고지도 이용 등에 초점이 맞추어져 있었고 구체적인 지역사회에 대하여 고지도를 통시대적으로 비교 분석한 연구는 드문 편이다. 사라져가고 있는 전통경관과 자연환경의 영향을 많이 받은 촌락경관이 남아 있는 지역사회경관에 대한 고지도와 지리지를 활용한 연구가 시급하다. 고지도는 옛 지명, 산천, 도로, 역원, 행정구역, 역사적 위치의 파악과 문화경과 복원의 기초자료로서의 의미가 크므로 지역사회 단위의 연구가 필요하다. 19세기 말엽에 편찬된 읍지와 지도는 서양과 일본의 침략으로 변모되기 이전의 한국 각 지역의 모습을 추적하고 복원하는데 긴요한 역사적 자료이다. 현대 한국지역사회의 바탕을 이루고 있는 지난 400년간의 지역변화를 고지도와 지리지.읍지를 통하여 살펴봄으로써 변한 것과 변하지 않는 것을 분석하여 시대상의 복원과 지역사회의 정체성 확립에 일조하고자 한다.곡물의 여러 줄기가 합수하고 물이 역류하지 않으며 잘 감아도는 곳으로 표현할 수 있다 이러한 명당의 기본적인 원리는 장풍(藏風)과 득수득파(得水得破)이다. 장풍과 득수란 '국'(局), 즉 산줄기와 수계로 이루어진 일정한 범위 속에 만물이 생태계 속에서 살아가는 모습인 '체형(體形)'의 의미가 나타나야 한다는 것이다. 그러나 이러한 의미는 시대에 따라 달라질 수 있는 것이다.면적의 52%를 점유하여 감자 재배지의 핵심지를 이룬다. 4. 한국 감자 재배지역 중심지의 지리적 특징은, 높은 산지지역의 산록완사면에 밭작물로 재배된다는 점과 교통이 불편한 지역으로서 도시화와 산업화 지역의 그늘 지역이 대부분이다. 강원도의 감자 재배지는 감자재배에 적합한 자연환경과 화전농업의 전통, 감자 재배기술의 전파, 중앙정부와 지방정부가 지원하는 각종 연구소 분포와 영농지도, 씨감자 생산과 협동조합의 판로 개척, 도로 개설과 포장 등의 인문지리적 요인이 영농조건을 개선하고 감자 판매를 위한 시장접근을 용이하게 하여, 남한 최대의 감자 재배지역을 형성하였다. 제주도는 산지지형과 따뜻한 기온으로 2기작이 가능하고, 감자가공 공장설립과 교통발달에 따른 육지 시장과의 접근이 용이해졌기 때문에 남한에서 2번째로 큰 감자재배지역이 되었다.(요약 및 결론에서 발췌)그람양성균에서 효과적이었으며, 농도별 항균력시험 결과 농도가 증가할수록 비례하여 저해율도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 첨가농도를 달리하여 미생물의 생육도를 측정한 결과, fraction II磎꼭\ulcorner경우 그람양성균에 대해 500 ppm 이상에서 뚜렷한 증식억제효과를 나타내었다.서 뚜렷한 증식억제효과를 나타내었다.min/+}$계 수컷 이형접합체 형질전환 마우스에 AIN-76A 정제사료만을 투

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.6_2
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• pp.1283-1298
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• 2018

KOPRI(Korea Polar Research Institute) have researhed Arctic sea ice by using satellite remote sensing data since 2017 as a mission of KOPRI. The title of the reseach is "Development of Satellite Observation and Analysis for Arctc sea-ice". This project has three major aims; 1) development of prototype satellite data archive/manage system for Arctic sea ice monitoring, 2) development of sea ice remote sensing data processing and analysis technique, and 3) development of international satellite observing network for Arcitc. This reseach will give us that 1) deveolpment of sea ice observing system for northern sea route, 2) development of optimal remote sensing data processing technique for sea ice and selected satelite sensors, 3) development of international satellite onbservation network. I hope that this letter of introducton KOPRI satellite program for Arctic will help to understand Arctic remote sensing and will introduce you to step into the Arctic remote sensing, which Iis like a blue ocean of remote sensing.