• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.903-913
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• 1996

총 15두의 초유를 섭취하지 않은 신생자견을 대상으로 난황항체를 경구투여한 후 개 파보바이러스를 경구 접종하여 실험감염을 유발시켜 난황항체의 수동 면역에 의한 예방효과를 알아보고자 한다. 항체역가는 면역화된 산란계로부터 분리한 난황항체를 투여한 자견이 비면역 난황항체를 투여한 자견에 비해 높았다. 개 파보바이러스 접종 직전의 항체역가는 대조군의 경우 1:40에서 1:80, 실험군의 경우는 1:320에서 1:1280이었다. 모든 대조군의 자견들은 바이러스 접종후 4일에 임상증상을 나타내었고 총 7두중 6두가 폐사된 반면 실험군 자견은 2두만이 증상을 나타내었고 폐사 자견은 없었다(p<0.01). 개 파보바이러스를 경구 접종한 후 전체 자견의 혈구응집억제반응역가는 접종후 6일까지 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 접종후 5일의 분변내 혈구 응집반응역가는 실험군 자견의 경우 < 2에서 64였으며 대조자견은 216에서 2048로 높았다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

Purpose : Although influenza is regarded as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children with cancer, the actual vaccine coverage remains poor. We conducted evaluation of immunogenicity and safety of influenza vaccine in children with cancer. Methods : In this study, 25 children with cancer who received influenza vaccine (SK influenza IX vaccine$^{(R)}$) at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital between October and December 2009 were analyzed. Blood samples of patients were collected twice (at the beginning of this study and at 30th day after vaccination) and their antibody titers were measured using the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay. Immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine was assessed by seroprotection rate on days 0 and 30, seroconversion rate on day 30, and mean fold increase (MFI) of geometric mean titer (GMT) of HI between days 0 and 30. Results : Any of the subjects in our study did not experienced serious adverse events after influenza vaccination. Seroprotection rates were 68% for H1N1, 40% for H3N2, and 36% for B. Seroconversion rates were 12% for H1N1, 16% for H3N2, and 20% for B. MFIs were 0.9 for H1N1, 1.2 for H3N2, and 1.8 for B. Conclusion : In the study, we found a limited protective immune response to influenza vaccine, among subjects with cancer. However, some subjects showed seroconversion, and there were no severe adverse events among all subjects, supporting the recommendation of annual influenza vaccination in children with cancer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

This study was undertaken to provide the appropriate vaccination protocol of canine parvovirus (CPV) vaccine for the companion dogs in Korea. A total of 120 healthy pups (20 pups per group) at 6 weeks of age were randomly assigned to one of four commercially available vaccines [C, G, K, and V groups] and one of vaccination schedules [V2 and V4 groups]. The serological responses to the CPV component of the vaccines were determined by measuring HI titers. The maternal antibodies was declined to under the protective level at 6 weeks of age. Therefore, it was considered that vaccination of pups for CPV should be started at 6 weeks of age. And when the combination vaccine was used, the immunogenicity of V vaccine was superior to the other vaccines and optimum vaccination schedule was 3 times vaccination with 3 weeks-interval starting vaccination at 6 weeks of age. Although pups were vaccinated at 6 weeks of age, the geometric mean CDV titers of pups in all groups by 9 weeks of age were under the protective level. So, hygienic measures including avoiding to exposure to the high risk areas were needed to prevent CPV infection in this period.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.407-412
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• 2009

This study was performed to produce specific egg yolk antibodies against bovine rotavirus (BRV) and bovine coronavirus (BCV) that are major pathogens causing diarrhea in calves. Chickens were immunized with BRV and BCV intramuscularly in the breast muscle by injection 5 times at two weeks interval. At 6 weeks after the first immunization of BRV or BCV, cross reactivity of each serum derived from BRV- or BCV-immunized hens was tested. Each serum antibody against BRV or BCV was reacted with only specific BRV or BCV antigens. Serum and egg yolk-antibody titers of hens against BRV or BCVwere highest at 8~12 weeks after first immunization. Specific serum and egg yolk-antibody titers against BRV were about 104,000 and 107,000, respectively, and those against BCV were about 145,000 and 155,000, respectively. Hemagglutination inhibition titers in the immunized egg yolk antibodies against BRV and BCV were 5,120 and 1,280, respectively, and were ${\geq}8$ times higher than that in non-immunized control. These results suggested that the immunized egg yolk antibodies could effectively neutralize BRV and BCV.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.895-902
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• 1996

산란계에 불활화 개 파보바이러스 백신을 근육내로 1주 간격으로 4회 접종하여 면역화시키고 최종 접종 2주후에 채란하여 $4^{\circ}C$에 보관하며 사용하였다. 난황항체는 5% HPMCP를 이용하여 분리하였고 0.5% HPMCP 용액은 lipid 침전에 매우 효과적이었으며 희석배수 10배에서 투명한 상층액을 나타내었다. 1차분리한 상층액의 단백질 농도는 2.5mg/ml이었고 최종 단백질 용액의 경우는 26.53mg/ml이었다. SDS-PAGE 전기영동상에서 분자량 60~70 KD 및 30~40 KD의 2 band가 나타났으며 non-reducing 전기영동에서는 닭 혈청 IgG와 같은 120~160 KD의 분자량을 보인 band가 각각의 분리용액에서 나타났다. 난황 항체의 개 파보바이러스에 대한 혈구응집억제반응 항체역가는 혈청의 역가에 비해 1주의 차이를 주며 증가했으며 난황 항체는 1:640에서 1:2560, 혈청은 1:640에서 1:5120을 나타내었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.203-206
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• 1998

Two-day-old commercial chicks were inoculated orally with 2 × 106 oocysts of Cwptosporinium bailevi and vaccinated with 103.5 EID50/head of a commercially available avian infectious bronchitis (IB) live virus vaccine at 4 and 14 days following inoculation. Chicks infected with C. baileyi were shown to have an immunosuppressive effect on IB virus. It is concluded that infection with the protozoon in early life may increase their susceptibility to IB.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 1992

Avian infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) was propagated in SPF eggs and purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation in order to prepare the antigen. Several fusions were made between mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells from BALB/c mouse immunized with IBV antigen and two hybridoma clones producing specific monoclonal antibody(MCA) against the IBV were established. The MCAs were classified as IgG type and revealed no neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibition activity. Using the MCA IBV antigen was detected by IFA method in tracheal smears made from chickens infected with IBV during the experimental period of 10 days.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the similarity between hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), the HI titer and mean ratio S/P ratio) of avian influenza virus. To perform this study, the 1,457 sera of layers 21 farms in May, July and September, respectively. As a result of HI test, positive rates were 480 to 422 (92.1%) in May, 494 to 394(79.8%) in July and 483 to 402(83.2%) in September, and the mean antibody titer were 4.6, 4.3, 4.0 to 0.3 decreased, respectively. The positive rates by ELISA, 480 to 475(99.0%) in May, 494 to 485(98.2%) in July, 483 to 472(97.7%) in September, and the mean S/P ratio were 2.319, 2.557 and 2.380, respectively. The result of HI test and ELISA positive 480 to 422(92.1%), 475(99.0%), 494 to 394(79.8%), 485(98.2%) and 483 to 402(83.2%), 472(97.7%). Therefore, ELISA was shown more sensitive compare the HI titers.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 1990

The immune responses of commercial layer chickens against Newcastle disease (ND) were compared among different administration methods and times of vaccination during 4 weeks of age. A total of 372 day-old chickens were devided into 4 groups of 93 birds each. Each of 3 groups was received a commercially available B$_1$ live vaccine via drinking water, eye instillation or spray method at one, 14 and 28 days of age. One group was used as an unvaccinated control. At two and 4 weeks after each time of vaccination, 15 birds from each group were challenged with virulent ND virus at the dose of 10$^{5}$ EID$_{50}$ per bird to examine the pretection rate. Ten to 15 birds from each group were bled at two weeks intervals from day old to 8 weeks of age to determine hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer. The protection rate was generally low regardless of the times of vaccination although two or more times vaccination gave higher protection than once vaccination. The low protection was considered due to low titer of the vaccine used since the vaccine titer was less than 10$^{2.5}$ EID$_{50}$ per bird. Spray method gave better protection compared to eye instillation of drinking water method which resulted in lowest response. When birds were challenged majority showed clinical signs on ND between 3 and 6 days after challenge. Death occured one or two days after onset of symptoms. Major clinical signs observed were depression (96%), drowsy(90%), anorexia (84%), diarrhoea (29%), difficult breath (15%) and torticollis (10%). Hemorrhagic lesions on post mortem were seen in duodenum (51%), trachea(36%), illeum (13%), ceacal tonsil (11%), proventriculus (10%) and some other organs. When birds were challenged majority showed clinical signs on ND between 3 and 6 days after challenge. Death occured one or two days after onset of symptoms. Major clinical signs observed were depression (96%), drowsy(90%), anorexia (84%), diarrhoea (29%), difficult breath (15%) and torticollis (10%). Hemorrhagic lesions on post mortem were seen in duodenum (51%), trachea(35%), illeum (13%), ceacal tonsil (11%), proventriculus (10%) and some other organs.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

The object of this study was to evaluate the change of antibody titers on virus strains after inoculation with commercial killed equine influenza (EI) vaccines in horses. Serum antibodies of 20 Thoroughbred yearlings were detected using hemagglutination inhibition test for 41 weeks. Second vaccination is inoculated 4 weeks after the initial vaccination. Most of antibody titers were not increased until 4 weeks after first vaccination. The highest titers were detected 6-10 weeks after vaccination. The titers were decreased slowly and maintained for 16 weeks after inoculation. We could barely detect the antibody 41 weeks after vaccination in most cases. Vaccine anergia were appeared in 3 horses (15%) but it depended on virus strains. A/Equine/La Plata/93(H3N8) strain that induce high and durable antibody responses was the most effective among three strains. This study presents the first comprehensive data on the endurance of antibody titers against EI. Our data also suggests that yearlings should be inoculated three times in order to maintaining optimal antibody titers against EI. We speculate the causes of anergia were vaccine break down or individual specificity. Further research is needed to investigate immunological unresponsiveness. This was the first study on strain of equine vaccine in Korea.