• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.687-692
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• 1997

개의 전립선에서 경직장 초음파상에 나타나는 미만성 저에코영역의 성상과 경직장 초음파 검사법의 유용성을 알아보기 위해 히스토그람 분석방법과 color doppler 초음파를 이용하여 전립선 맛사지에 따른 전립선 실질의 에코변화를 비교하였다. 전립선 맛사지 후 히스토그람상의 휘도치는 전립선 요도부 기준 상부측 실질내에서 유의성(p<0.01) 있게 고에코로 변화되어 나타났으며, 전립선내에 분포하는 혈관은 저에코영역에서 보다 고에코영역에서 발견되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 경직장 초음파 검사법은 전립선의 미세한 변화에 대해 보다 상세한 실질내의 정보를 제공할 수 있는 효과적인 검사 방법이며, 맛사지에 따른 휘도치의 변화는 전립선의 물리적 자극에 대한 전립선액의 분비에 따른 결과로 사료되고, 저에코영역은 혈관보다는 전립선액이 점유하고 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.515-521
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• 2015

In this study, we tried to analyze arterial stiffness of Jeju female divers who diver into cold water without the assistance of oxygen. For this purpose we measured pulse wave velocity and ankle-brachial index of Jeju female divers and same aged females who didn't have any cardiovascular risk for comparing the vascular stiffness. The results were the following : First, the light-femoral pulse wave velocity of Jeju female divers was significantly lower than normal women of the same ages. Second, Jeju female divers's ABI showed higher tendency than normal same aged women. These result showed that Jeju female divers' body had been completed for adaptation to low temperature and high pressure water environment through a long-term immersion activities in old age, as well as due to higher physical activity levels of Jeju female divers peripheral vascular resistance was not reduced.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.499-501
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• 2001

In the 1970s, the radial artery was proposed as a coronary artery bypass graft but then was abandoned due to graft occlusion secondary to spasm during harvesting. Development of new pharmacologic antispasmodic agents and minimal traumatic harvesting techniques has led to the revival of the use of the radial artery in coronary artery bypass procedures. Harmonic Scalpel(Ultracision Inc, Smithfield, Rl) offers the surgeon the ability to perform less traumatic, spasm free, and rapid radial artery harvesting.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 2019

This study was to compare arterial stiffness and hemodynamic responses between male smokers and non-smokers. This study also investigates the influences of smoking before exercise on arterial stiffness and hemodynamic responses. 24 male subjects of age 20-29 without history of cardiorespiratory disease were divided into smokers and non-smokers. Smokers had more than 5 years of smoking experience. In order to evaluate the effects of pre-exercise smoking, smokers were tested twice, once with a cigarette before the exercise and the other once without one. Data was collected from bio-impedance analysis, SphygmoCor XCEL, graded exercise test, and fitness test. Main results of this study are as follows: First, there are differences between smokers and non-smokers in cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic response functions, as shown by maximal oxygen consumption, exercise duration, and heart rate. Second, the although the arterial stiffness between smokers and non-smokers showed statistically significant differences in the speed of the pulse wave velocity and augmentation index, smoker had a faster rate. It shows that smoking behavior has a negative impact on the cardiovascular system. Third, pre-exercise smoking behavior does have an impact on cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic response functions, as shown by exercise duration and heart rate. Lastly, arterial stiffness between smokers and non-smokers showed statistically not significant in the speed of the pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Brachial systolic pressure, a component of pulse wave analysis, on the other hand, was significantly dependent on pre-exercise smoking behavior. Subjects who participated in this study are college students in early 20s. Given their relatively short history of smoking, it is possible that their smoking habits are not severe enough to develop into cardiorespiratory or cardiovascular diseases. But Smokers showed lower levels of cardiopulmonary functions, as maximal oxygen consumption and exercise duration than nonsmokers.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2019

An inverse correlation between obesity and arterial stiffness has been reported, but there are no consistent results in elderly subjects. This study examined the relationship between the arterial stiffness measured by the CAVI (cardio-ankle vascular index) and BMI (body mass index) in healthy elderly people. This study included 629 healthy elderly people aged 65 and over who underwent health examinations at a general hospital in Gyeonggi from July 2018 to June 2019. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III of the US National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Among the criteria of NCEP-ATP III, the waist circumference and obesity criteria were based on the WHO criteria. All subjects underwent a biochemical blood test and an assessment of the CAVI. In both men and women, the CAVI was lower in the obese group than in the normal weight group. Gender (P=0.047), age (P<0.001), BMI (P<0.001), and waist circumference (P=0.008) were factors affecting the CAVI. Gender, high blood pressure, and hyperglycemia were independent positive predictors of the CAVI levels, while obesity was a negative predictor. Therefore, the CAVI and BMI showed an inverse correlation. In conclusion, there was an inverse correlation between the CAVI and BMI in the elderly, and obesity was a negative predictor of the CAVI.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2011

Assuming that photons absorbed by a vessel do not have acute variations, DC component reflect the basal blood volume (or diameter) before blood pulsation. Vascular stiffness and reflection is influenced by changes in basal blood volume (or diameter). This paper describes analysis of the characteristic variations of vascular stiffness, according to relative variations in DC components of the PPG signal (25-75%). For quantitative analysis, we have used parameters that were proposed previously, reflection and stiffness index, and the second derivative of PPG waveform, b/a and d/a. Significantly, the vascular stiffness and reflections were increased according to increase in DC component of the PPG signal for more than about 3% of baseline values. The systolic blood pressure were increased from $113.1{\times}13.18$ to $116.2{\times}13.319$ mmHg, about 2.76% (r = 0.991, P < 0.001) and the AC component of the PPG signal were decreased from $2.073{\times}2.287$ to $1.973{\times}2.2038$ arbitrary unit, about 5.09% (r = -0.993, P < 0.001). It is separated by DC median and correlation analysis was performed for analyzing vascular characteristics according to instantaneous DC variations. There are significant differences between two correlation coefficients in separated data.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.368-374
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• 2006

Purpose : The prevalence of obesity in children is increasing rapidly. Epidemiologic studies suggest that obesity induced atherosclerosis may start in childhood. We investigated whether obese children show early abnormalities of the arterial wall and endothelial dysfunction. Methods : Thirty-eight obese children(14-16 years old of age, male, body mass index $29.40{\pm}3.18kg/m^2$) and forty-five age and sex-matched healthy control children(body mass index $18.43{\pm}1.01kg/m^2$) were enrolled. Their carotid artery intima-media thickness(IMT) and brachial artery flowmediated dilation(FMD) response were measured by high-quality ultrasound system, and compliance, distensibility, stiffness index, incremental elastic modulus and wall stress were calculated by equation. In addition, we looked at the relations between these arterial features and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors. Results : The obese children had significantly increased IMT($0.52{\pm}0.09mm$ vs $0.40{\pm}0.07mm$, P< 0.001) and markedly impaired FMD($7.35{\pm}7.78$ percent vs $20.34{\pm}16.81$ percent, P<0.001) than the healthy controls. But the compliance and distensibility were lower, and the stiffness index, incremental elastic modules and wall stress were higher in the obese group than the control group, but not statistically significantly. Body mass index was highly associated with increased IMT(r=0.612, P<0.001) and reduced FMD(r=-0.414, P<0.001). Conclusion : We showed the deleterious effect of child obesity on both early functional and structural atherosclerotic markers. The ultrasonic findings will be used for screening and follow up markers to identify high-risk patients among obese children.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.99-108
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• 1999

선천성 대사 이상은 다양한 뇌질환으로 나타낸다. 일반적으로 이 질환들은 하나 또는 둘이상의 대사경로에 대한 생화학적 이상에 원인이 있다. 정상적 생화학적 산물의 결핍이나 비정상적 산물의 축적에 의한 뇌기능 이상에 의해 임상증상이 나타내게 되는데 그 증상은 대개 경기, 경직성, 발육지연 등으로 비특이적이고 영상소견도 마찬가지로 비특이적이다. 대사 이상에 있어서의 신경병변은 일부 뇌백질을 주로 침범하는 경우를 제외하면 대부분 뇌백질을 침범하고 따라서 일반적으로 일차성 뇌백질 질환이 대사성 뇌질환을 일컫는다고 할 수가 있다. 뇌백질 질환은 뇌백질의 구성원중 가장 큰 부분을 차지하는 수초(myelin)를 침범하는 질환을 일컫는다. 중추신경계의 백질은 수초로 싸여있는 축삭(axon)과 선경교세포 (neuroglial cell) 및 혈관 등으로 구성되어 있으며, 이중 대부분을 수초가 차지하고 이 수초로 인하여 정상 뇌백질이 흰색을 나타낸다. 백질내의 신경교세포로는 성상세포 (astrocyte) 와 핍지세포 (oligodendrocyte)가 있으며 신 경교세포의 가장 중요한 기능은 핍지세포에 의한 축삭의 외피화 (ensheathment) 즉, 수초이다. 수초는 핍지세포의 세포질 돌기 (cytoplasmic process)의 일부이며 따라서 수초의 생존과 대사는 핍지세포와 운명을 같이한다. 일반적으로 세포의 생존, 대사와 가장 관련있는 기능은 세포질내에 함유되어 있는 구조물인 소기관(organelle)에 의하여 수행된다. 따라서, 비록 모든 소기관들이 백질 질환을 이르키는데 직접 연관되어 있지는 않더라도 수초의 생존과 대사에는 핍지세포의 소기관들이 매우 중요한 역할을 하게 된다. 세포질내 중요한 소기관으로는 세포 막, 미토콘드리아 (mitochondria), endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi 체, lysosome, peroxisome 그리고 세포질등이 있으며, 이들중에서 lysosomes, peroxisomes, 그리고 미토콘드리아가 특정한 유전성 백질질환에 중요한 역할을 하는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 질환들은 최소한 각 소기관에 의한 질환군으로 분류될 수 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.1012-1017
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• 2008

Purpose : This study aimed to assess the mechanical properties of the abdominal aorta in school-aged patients treated for Kawasaki disease and in normal, healthy children. Methods : This study examined 28 children with Kawasaki disease who had been followed up on and 30 healthy subjects of the same age and gender. We recorded systolic (Ps) and diastolic (Pd) blood pressure values and the aortic diameter at both minimum diastolic (Dd) and maximum systolic (Ds) expansion using two-dimensional echocardiography. These measurements were used to determine 1) aortic strain: S=(Ds-Dd)/Dd; 2) pressure strain elastic modulus: Ep=(Ps-Pd)/S; and 3) normalized Ep: $Ep^*=Ep/Pd$. Results : Ep (P=0.008) and $Ep^*$ (P=0.043) of the Kawasaki disease group were relatively high compared to those of the control group. Ep (P=0.002) and $Ep^*$ (P=0.015) of patients with coronary aneurysm were also relatively high compared with those of patients without coronary aneurysm, but lipid profiles did not differ, except for homocysteine (P=0.008). Therefore, in patients with coronary aneurysm, aortic stiffness was higher, compared to not only the control group but also patients without coronary aneurysm. However, in patients without coronary aneurysm, aortic stiffness was not significant, different compared to the control group. Conclusion : Measuring aortic distensibility may be helpful in assessing the risk of early atheroscletic change in the long-term management of Kawasaki disease.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.769-776
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• 2006

Purpose : Pulse wave velocity(PWV) and ankle brachial index(ABI) are not only noninvasive methods used to assess arterial stiffness in adults, but also useful, simple ways to estimate the severity of hypertension, end stage renal disease and atherosclerosis in adults. But there are few studies on PWV and ABI in adolescents and children. In this study, hypertensive adolescents were compared to normal individuals to find out the usefulness of PWV as the index of progress in the disease. Methods : 413 teenagers were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of adolescents that only had hypertension(Group 1 : 23 teenagers). The second group consisted of the adolescents who had hypertension with obesity(Group 2 : 17 teenagers), and the last group was the normal subjects(Group 3 : 328 teenagers). Weight, height and body mass index were measured. Simultaneous measurements of systolic, diastolic and average blood pressure were obtained from the four extremities. PWV, ABI, ejection time and preejection period were also measured. Results : Right brachial-ankle PWV was significantly higher in both group 1 and group 2 compared with group 3, and significantly higher in group 2 compared with group 1. Likewise, left brachial-ankle PWV also showed significantly higher values in both group 1 and group 2 compared with group 3, and also higher values in group 2 compared with group 1. Positive correlations were found between the systolic, diastolic, average blood pressure and PWV. There were also positive correlations between the blood pressure and weight, body mass index. Conclusion : Higher PWV was demonstrated in adolescents with essential hypertension compared to normal subjects. Follow-up study is needed to evaluate the progress.