• The Mathematical Education
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.381-400
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• 2023

As the era of solving various and complex problems in the real world using artificial intelligence and big data appears, problem-solving competencies that can solve realistic problems through a mathematical approach are required. In fact, the 2015 revised mathematics curriculum and the 2022 revised mathematics curriculum emphasize mathematical modeling as an activity and competency to solve real-world problems. However, the real-world problems presented in domestic and international textbooks have a high proportion of artificial problems that rarely occur in real-world. Accordingly, domestic and international countries are paying attention to the reality of mathematical modeling tasks and suggesting the need for authentic tasks that reflect students' daily lives. However, not only did previous studies focus on theoretical proposals for reality, but studies analyzing teachers' perceptions of reality and their competency to reflect reality in the task are insufficient. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze in-service mathematics teachers' perception of reality among the characteristics of tasks for mathematical modeling and the in-service mathematics teachers' competency for designing the mathematical modeling tasks. First of all, five criteria for satisfying the reality were established by analyzing literatures. Afterward, teacher training was conducted under the theme of mathematical modeling. Pre- and post-surveys for 41 in-service mathematics teachers who participated in the teacher training was conducted to confirm changes in perception of reality. The pre- and post- surveys provided a task that did not reflect reality, and in-service mathematics teachers determined whether the task given in surveys reflected reality and selected one reason for the judgment among five criteria for reality. Afterwards, frequency analysis was conducted by coding the results of the survey answered by in-service mathematics teachers in the pre- and post- survey, and frequencies were compared to confirm in-service mathematics teachers' perception changes on reality. In addition, the mathematical modeling tasks designed by in-service teachers were evaluated with the criteria for reality to confirm the teachers' competency for designing mathematical modeling tasks reflecting the reality. As a result, it was shown that in-service mathematics teachers changed from insufficient perception that only considers fragmentary criterion for reality to perceptions that consider all the five criteria of reality. In particular, as a result of analyzing the basis for judgment among in-service mathematics teachers whose judgment on reality was reversed in the pre- and post-survey, changes in the perception of in-service mathematics teachers was confirmed, who did not consider certain criteria as a criterion for reality in the pre-survey, but considered them as a criterion for reality in the post-survey. In addition, as a result of evaluating the tasks designed by in-service mathematics teachers for mathematical modeling, in-service mathematics teachers showed the competency to reflect reality in their tasks. However, among the five criteria for reality, the criterion for "situations that can occur in students' daily lives," "need to solve the task," and "require conclusions in a real-world situation" were relatively less reflected. In addition, it was found that the proportion of teachers with low task development competencies was higher in the teacher group who could not make the right judgment than in the teacher group who could make the right judgment on the reality of the task. Based on the results of these studies, this study provides implications for teacher education to enable mathematics teachers to apply mathematical modeling lesson in their classes.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.17-28
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• 2021

The purpose of the research was to examine the effect of field of view on egocentric distance perception in the real and virtual environment. The replica that mimicked the real environment condition was used to create the virtual environment condition. We manipulated field of view levels equally in both viewing conditions using glasses that limit the field of view in real-world conditions and limiting the field of view in virtual-world conditions in a manner equivalent to real-world conditions via HMD. Eighteen participants observed the target with a limited field of view in a real and virtual environment without head movement. Then, we measured perceived distance using the timed imagined walking method, which measures the time taken by each participant to mentally walk to the target. The target was shown three times at three different distances from the participants: 3, 4, and 5 m. For the analysis, we converted time estimates into distance estimates. Consequently, the estimated distance in the virtual environment condition was less than the estimated distance in the real environment condition. And as the field of view shrank, the estimated distance also decreased. The estimated distance did not vary with field of view levels in real-world conditions. In the virtual environment, the estimated distance decreased as the field of view decreased, whereas in the real environment, the estimated distance increased. The implications of the results and some future research directions are discussed below.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.92-94
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 11m급 동력 낚시보트의 최적 설계 조건을 도출하였으며, 이를 위하여 CG 추정(Weight study), 스캔틀링(Scantling), 동력 계산(Power calculation) 등을 통해 현실성이 있는 시뮬레이션을 실시하였다. 그리고 도출된 선형을 바탕으로 3종류의 chine 폭과 Deadrise angle의 변화에 따른 Trim angle과 복원성을 평가하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 실제 보트 설계 시 최적 설계 조건으로서 현실성 있게 반영될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.321-332
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• 2021

This study developed an English conversation learning program using virtual reality(VR) and mobile devices. Participants learned and practiced English conversational patterns in immersive virtual reality and mobile conditions. In the program, participants learned and practiced nine conversational patterns with virtual characters in four steps. Language anxiety and conversational fluency were measured to examine the effects of this program. Language anxiety questionnaire was administered before and after the experiment. The results showed that language anxiety was significantly reduced after learning in both conditions, and the reduction waa significantly greater in the immersive condition. Conversational fluency was assessed based on the changes in the length, appropriateness, and accuracy of the responses before and after participants learned and practiced conversational episodes. The results showed that the length, appropriateness, and accuracy of the responses were improved in both conditions after learning. The response length was significantly longer in the immersive VR conditions. These results suggest that immersive VR can be an effective tool to enhance English conversational abilities.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

HMD makes big issues about virtual reality in these days. Experience of virtual reality may cause different effects with experience of real world, so this is the reason why comparison studies are needed. There are many works about usefulness of virtual reality education but most of studies were considered as special training. This study was started for the long term memory effect of virtual reality education game. Difference study of memory between real world education game and virtual reality education game shows virtual reality system has smaller diminution of memory than real world. And environment existence was defined as a main effect of long term memory through the test.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.11-20
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• 1999

전동차 시뮬레이터는 제한된 공간상에서 영상 및 음향, 운동, 운전석에 있는 각종 계기와 모니터 시스템들을 이용해 운전자에게 실제 주행하고 있다는 현실감을 제공하는 일종의 가상현실 장비이다. 시뮬레이터의 유효성은 각종 차량 특성과 운전조건 변화에 대해 CAB 상의 승무원에게 실제에서 경험할 수 있는 각종 주행환경을 제공하는 데 있다. 주행 현실감을 확보하기 위해서는 CAB 승무원에게 소리, 영상, 운동, 촉각 신호 등과 같은 큐(Cue)를 현실적으로 제공해야 한다. 대부분의 큐는 운전자의 조작 명령에 반응하는 차량의 동특성 해석을 통해 결정되어 시각, 음향, 모니터 등에 제공된다. 그러므로, 시뮬레이터 운용에 있어서 핵심적인 위치를 차지하고 있는 실시간 전동차 시뮬레이션 시스템의 전동차 모델은 차량의 운동을 현실적으로 모사할 수 있어야 하며, 실시간으로 시뮬레이션 되어야 하는 서로 상충되는 조건을 만족시켜야 한다. 실시간 전동차 시뮬레이션을 수행하기 위해서 특히 공학적으로 검토되어야 할 요소는 전동차 모델의 적절성, 적분기법, 운용 소프트웨어 및 실시간 시뮬레이션용 컴퓨터 등에 관하여 연구하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.242-248
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 가상현실에서 simulator factor [FOV (field of view)와 운행속도, frame rate의 fluctuation]를 변화시키면서 사용자들의 시지각 과제수행도, 생리신호의 변화를 관찰하였고, 가상현실 경험 전·후에 실시한 설문지 조사를 통해 심리적 영향도 알아보았다. 1) 가상현실 운행시 눈깜박임이감소하고 Pz, O1, O2 영역의 알파파가 줄어들며 텔타파가 늘어나는 생리적 변화가 나타났다. 2) 특히 가상현실에서 멀미를 보고했을때 심박률, 피부전도도가 증가하고 피부온도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 멀미 보고시 나타난 변화는 교감신경계의 활동성이 증가하는 방향과 일치하였다. 3) 빠른 운행속도가 느린 운행속도보다 높은 말초혈류량 최대-최소차이값을 나타냈고, 넓은 FOV가 좁은 FOV보다 높은 심박률을 나타냈다. 좁은 화면 보다 넓은 화면 조건에서 Cz, Pz 영역의 알파파는 더 낮게 나타났고 텔타파는 더 높게 나타났다. frame rate의 fluctuation이 없을 때에 비해 있을때 더 높은 피부전도도를 보여주었다. 4) 가상현실 평가설문지 분석결과 신체적 불편감은 좁은 FOV·느린 운행속도 조건에서 가장 적은 불편감을 나타냈다. 과제수행 곤란도는 느린 운행속도에서 가장 적게 나타났고 과제수행 적중률은 느린 운행속도에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 생리신호, 과제수행 적중률, 설문지 분석결과는 좁은 FOV·느린 운행속도의 가상환경이 가장 멀미에 덜 민감하고 과제수행하기에 가장 용이한 것으로 나타났다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of display on time on tasks and virtual presence in the immersive virtual reality. Head mounted display (HMD) and monitor conditions were compared when the participants were asked to complete navigation tasks in a virtual classroom. Time on tasks and virtual presence were measured. Three factors of the virtual presence were applied as dependent variables such as 1) spatial presence, 2) involvement, and 3) realness. The results showed that HMD condition took longer time to finish tasks than monitor conditions. HMD condition showed significantly higher perception from all of the virtual presence factors. Interestingly, there was a significant interaction effect between the display conditions and presence factors. The relationship between display types and virtual presence factors were discussed for future study.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02b
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• pp.810-814
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• 2006

그 동안 개발된 시뮬레이터들은 주로 단안 정보에 기초한 것들이 대부분이었고, 양안 정보를 제공하더라도 사용자의 움직임을 반영하지 못하였다. 양안정보를 제공하지 못하는 시뮬레이터는 게임으로써는 재미에 한계가 있고, 훈련 도구로써 실제 수행에 도움을 주기 어렵다. 본 연구는 사용자의 움직임을 고려한 양안 정보를 제공하는 외야수 뜬 공 잡기 가상 현실 시뮬레이터를 개발하여 이러한 문제점들을 해결할 수 있는 토대를 마련하였다. 그리고 양안 정보 제공의 중요성과 개발된 시뮬레이터의 타당성 및 유용성을 검증하기 위해 본 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 공의 위치 판단 과제를 실시하였다. 양안 시차가 주어진 조건과 주어지지 않은 조건 각각에 두 집단 구성원들을 무선적으로 배치하여 정답률과 반응 시간을 측정하였다. 숙련자들은 양안시차가 주어진 조건에서 더 좋은 수행을 보인 반면, 일반인들은 양안시차가 주어지지 않은 조건에서 더 좋은 수행을 보였다. 이는 뜬 공 잡기 상황에서 양안정보가 숙련자들에게는 유용하지만 비숙련자들에게는 그렇지 않았음을 보여준다. 또한 숙련자들이 정답률과 반응 시간 모두에서 일반인들보다 더 좋은 수행을 보였고 이는 통계적으로 유의미하였다. 이와 같은 가상 현실 시뮬레이터는 양안 정보를 제공함으로써 이전의 시뮬레이터들보다 게임이나 훈련 도구로 사용함에 있어 더 효과적이다. 또한 인간의 운동 수행에 관련된 연구를 하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

• Defense and Technology
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• no.5 s.267
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• pp.52-59
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• 2001

본딩은 전기/전자 시스템뿐만 아니라 연료, 엔진, 비행제어, 유/공압계통 등에서도 안전한 전기적인 운용을 하기 위해서 필요하다. 항공기 개발에서 본딩은 설계시부터 요구조건을 두어 엄격히 관리해야 하며, 제작시에도 제시된 요구조건에 맞게 본딩을 해야 한다. 항공기의 전기/전자계통 설계시 요구성능과 항공기 및 운용자의 안전성 확보를 본딩 계통의 설계목표로 설정하고, 세부적인 본딩 요구조건과 유사기종의 설계개념을 보완하여 현실적으로 적용가능한 적용분야별 본딩 설치 및 설계 요구조건을 정립하는 것이 매우 필수적이라고 판단된다. 이 글에서는 항공기 설계시 고려해야 되는 본딩 일반요구조건에 대하여 기술해 보고자 한다.