• Journal of Regulation Studies
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.71-104
• /
• 2018

Regulatory agencies' response to resource constraints is an important issue in terms of regulatory effectiveness, but systematic research is lacking. As an effort to overcome this limitation, this study was to explore behaviors of regulatory agencies in response to resource constraints. Reviewing the precedent studies based on regulatory and organizational theories, the study suggested the potential behaviors of regulatory agencies under resource constraints: changes in regulatory processes, changes in enforcement methods, decoupling, and regulatory delegation and contracting-out. The study also discussed the realistic explanations of the response behaviors partly through the case of marine transportation regulation, and explained the problems that the regulatory agency's behaviors could bring about. Based on the findings, the study suggested that the regulatory framework should be designed to ensure the effectiveness of the regulatory system in consideration of the regulatory agencies' behaviors under resource constraints. The study is expected to contribute to developing a theoretical analysis framework ultimately for an empirical study in the future.

• Journal of Korea Fair Competition Federation
• /
• no.80
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 2002

가격상한제가 효율적으로 시행될 경우 통신사업의 생산성 향상, 신규서비스 도입촉진 등으로 보수율 규제방식에 비하여 사회후생에 긍정적 효과가 기대된다. 즉 가격상한제는 규제대상의 사업자에게 제한된 범위내에서 요금설정의 자율성을 부여함으로써, 생산성 향상의 결과를 사업자가 일부 향유할 수 있어 원가절감의 유인을 제공할 수 있다. 또한 기술발전에 따른 신규서비스 도입과 수요행태에 부응하는 다양한 요금제도의 도입을 촉진할 수도 있다. 따라서 명시적인 규제기준과 합리적인 운용절차가 설정될 경우 경쟁활성화, 요금규제의 투명성 확보 및 공정경쟁 강화 등의 효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• Journal of Legislation Research
• /
• no.44
• /
• pp.63-101
• /
• 2013

This article firstly explores into the concepts, components, and pictures of institutional realization of competition and diversity respectively on the premise that competition and diversity comprise the primary objectives to be pursued by the broadcasting-related laws which provide the concrete measures of media policy, and argues that while the competition objective has differentiation factors, there are also particularities in the diversity value in the broadcasting-related laws as sector-specific competition laws. Then assuming that special competition rules including structural regulatory measures particularly in the broadcasting market are required in order to realize values of competition and diversity harmoniously, this article suggests the following improvement directions for regulations aimed at protection of competition and diversity in the broadcasting-related laws. The first one is with the improvement method for regulations aimed at protection of competition. Regulation on share of audience as an ex ante regulation of status and regulation on prohibited activities as an ex post regulation of conduct may play important roles in substituting the causative regulation while seeking for diversity value. For this purpose, it is needed to develop a concrete method that incorporates diversity-related factors as consideration factors in the standard for determining illegality of prohibited activities by inference to methods of determining illegality in the competition law. The second one is with the improvement method for regulations aimed at protection of diversity. This could be considered from three viewpoints that are the setting of regulatory objectives, the identification of alternative regulatory measures, and the choice of regulatory measures and levels suitable for regulatory objectives. From these viewpoints, the regulatory framework should be improved mainly with institutional measures in which diversity value is used for tools of assessment and analysis, not just remaining as mere rhetorical devices, and whether or to what extent to maintain regulations seemingly unreasonable in terms of harmonization with economic objectives such as competition should be discreetly reviewed.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.21-56
• /
• 2022

Since Michael Porter (1991) has proposed that environmental regulation can help a firm increase its competitiveness by encouraging it to engage in more innovative activities to meet the environmental regulation, a number of researchers have empirically investigated the "Porter Hypothesis." However, the empirical results still remain mixed. Combining the perspectives of the behavioral theory of the firm and firm heterogeneity, we argue that the levels of regulation stringency and time-pressure would differentially influence a firm's innovative behavior depending on the firm's aspiration level, performance feedback and technological capabilities. Using the U.S. Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE) regulation context, we empirically demonstrate that lagging firms that do not meet the new regulation standard announced by the government tend to search for more distant knowledge and that the impact of the patents they file for decreases as the regulation becomes more stringent. In addition, we also find that as time-pressure increases, lagging firms stand to apply for more patents than do leading firms whereas the overall impact of the patents decreases. These results help us advance our understanding of the nuanced causal relationship between regulation and innovation and provide practical implications for policymakers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.505-513
• /
• 2024

This study investigates how consumers perceive the collection of behavioral information through 'cookies' on OTT platforms and the impact it has on personalized services. Through SPSS analysis on 120 consumers, which was conducted to examine four hypotheses, correlations were found between awareness of OTT companies' behavioral information collection and online tracking recognition, awareness and willingness to provide cookies, and the extent of confirming behavioral information collection terms during registration and online tracking recognition. The study concludes that consumer knowledge about behavioral information significantly influences the importance and intention to use personalized services, highlighting the need for regulatory measures by both companies and government entities.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 1994

본 논문에서는 오염배출 기업의 도덕적(道德的) 해이(解弛)(moral hazard)를 고려한 규제자의 강제정책(enforcement)에 관하여 분석한다. 또한 환경규제위반의 경우 일반적인 범죄와는 달리 의도적인 위반 이외에도 기술적 한계에 의한 불가항력적인 위반의 가능성이 있으므로 이를 고려하여 기업의 행태를 분석한다. 규제자의 강제 수단은 벌칙의 수준과 벌칙이 주어지는 기간으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 벌칙의 강도와 벌칙이 주어지는 기간간의 관계는 사회후생을 고려한 경우 독립적이지 않고 서로 trade-off의 관계에 있다. 따라서 규제자는 벌칙의 구조를 결정함에 있어서 이러한 관계를 고려하여야한다. 크게 두가지의 선택이 있을 수 있는데 하나는 높은 수준의 벌칙과 짧은 벌칙 기간이고 다른 하나는 낮은 수준의 벌칙과 긴 벌칙 기간이다. 본 논문에서는 벌칙이 사회에 미치는 왜곡을 고려한 최적 벌칙 구조에 관한 분석을 목적으로 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.171-198
• /
• 2009

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the impact of new BIS regulation, which is the preparations to incorporate not only credit risk but also market and operation risk, on the bank behaviors. As methodology, SUR(seemingly unrelated regression) and pool unit test are used in the empirical analysis of banks survived in Korea. It is employed that quarterly data of BIS capital ratio, ratio of standard and below loans to total loans, ratio of liquid assets to liquid liabilities, allowances for credit losses, real GDP, yields of corporate bonds(3years, AA) covering the period of 2000Q1~2009Q1. As a result, it could be indicated that effectiveness and promoting improvements of BIS capital regulation policy as follows; First, it is explicitly seen that weight of lending had decreased and specific gravity of international investment had increased until before BIS regulation is built up a step for revised agreement in late 2001. Second, after more strengthening of BIS standard in late 2002, banks had a tendency to decrease the adjustment of assets weighted risk through issuing of national loan that is comparatively low profitability. Also, it is implicitly sought that BIS regulation is a bit of a factor to bring about credit crunch and then has become a bit of a factor of economic stagnation. Third, as the BIS regulation became hard, it let have a effort to raise the soundness of a credit loan because of selecting good debtor based on its credit ratings. Fourth, it should be arranged that the market disciplines, the effective superintendence system and the sound environment to be able to raise enormous bank capital easily, against the credit stringency and reinforce the soundness of banks etc. in Korea capital market.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.357-364
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Internet addiction and oral health behavior among university students. The results, internet addiction was found in gender and smoking, oral health behaviors were classified according grade and smoking, differences in internet addiction were found in gender and smoking, there were statistically significant differences. And in common, high was first grades, non-health related major, smokers and drinkers, male students living at home. Oral health behaviors were found to be "lying on one side when sleeping" the highest, indicating that frequent use of the Internet occurred before sleep and thus negative oral health behaviors. In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between college students 'oral health behavior and Internet addiction. Also, university students' internet addiction was found to be an oral health behavior. As a result of the above research, it is necessary to educate and guide appropriate internet use considering the influence on university students academic performance, and to develop oral health education program to recognize the problem of internet use regulation and the oral health behavior of university students themselves.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2002

The government is propelling regulatory reform in priority that abrogate (8,121 an item in 14,186) improve (6,065 an item in 14,186) administrative regulation. But In spite of many regulatory reform results, successive diminution of regulatory reform is low because that modification of bureaucracy's execution don't support or a concerned group of gain and loss resists. In the future, regulatory reform must perform continuously promote. At the same time, the people, enterprises ＆ public service manage diversified a regulatory adaptation countermeasure. In this study, grasp the present condition at A Construction Permit Consent ＆ Use Admission Consent and would present the promotable method in analysis synthetically ＆ systematically about cognizance, recognition & observance of a administrative regulation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2002

The government is propelling regulatory reform in priority that abrogate & improve administrative regulation. But in spite of many regulatory reform results, successive diminution of regulatory reform is low because that modification of bureaucracy's execution don't support or a concerned group of gain and loss resists. Therefore, this study grasp the present condition at dangerous article factory etc., and would present the promotable method in analysis synthetically & systematically about cognizance, recognition & observance etc of a administrative regulation. As a result of inquiry, In general the adaptability is evaluated highly. This is a natural result because of rapidly economic development, increased demand of a dangerous article and so an increase of riskiness, and showed that the general public recognize riskiness of dangerous article factory etc..