• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.321-332
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this research is to introduce the concept of "relationship formation factors" in inter-firm relations and to empirically demonstrate that they are effective in improving the relationship results by means of anmediating variable. Therefore, the basic model of this study consists of the independent, mediating, and dependent variables. First, the independent variable, that is, the relationship formation factors, is further classified into three components： transactional, relational, environmental characteristics. Then, the study empirically examines how each of the three components influences the dependent variable, that is, the business performance(Load Factor), by way of the mediating variables, that is, trust and relationship commitment.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.373-384
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this research is to introduce the concept of "relationship formation factors" in inter-firm relations and to empirically demonstrate that they are effective in improving the relationship results by means of an mediating variable. Therefore, the basic model of this study consists of the independent, mediating, and dependent variables. First, the independent variables, that is, the relationship formation factors, are further classified into three components. transactional, relational, and environmental characteristics. Then, the study empirically examines how each of the three components influences the dependent variable. that is, the business performance(Load Factor), by way of the mediating variables, that is, trust and relationship commitment.

• 해운
• /
• s.92
• /
• pp.16-26
• /
• 2012

유럽연합(EU)의 집행위원회(European Commission)가 국제 화물운송료를 담합한 글로벌 물류기업에 대규모 과징금을 부과했다. EU 경쟁당국은 쿠네&네이젤(Khune+Nagel), 판알피나(Panalpina), 유피에스(UPS) 등에 총 1억 6,900만 유로의 과징금을 부과했다. EC는 총 14개의 회사가 화물운송 가격 담합에 가담하여, 미국 유럽 아시아 등으로 운송되는 화물의 운송비를 불법적으로 책정한 것으로 판단하였다. 한편 DHL은 자진신고를 통해 리니언시(liniency) 적용으로 과징금을 부과 받지 않았다. 유럽연합은 이러한 국제카르텔에 대한 법집행 차원에서 과징금 부과 및 당해행위에 대한 금지명령 등 행정적 제재를 강화하며, 세계 경쟁정책 및 법집행을 주도하고 있다. 또한 유럽연합은 해운동맹 폐지를 비롯한 해운업계의 반경쟁적 행위에 대한 제한도 강화하고 있다. EU는 2008년 10월부터 해운동맹의 공동가격설정 및 선복량 조절 행위를 금지하고 있다. 유럽집행위원회는 지난해 5월 초 13개 컨테이너 선사의 유럽 사무소를 기습 감사, 조사하였다. 현재 EU는 자료조사 중이며 결과는 아직까지 확인되지 않고 있다. EU의 조사는 상당히 지체되는 경향이 있는데, 향후 추가 질의서 요구가 예상되며 불법행위가 밝혀질 경우 개별 기업 글로벌 수익의 10%에 해당하는 벌금 부과가 가능하며, 영국에서는 형사고발도 가능하다. 다음은 한국해양수산개발원 최영석 전문연구원이 발표한 "국제해운의 해운동맹 폐지 및 담합행위 제한 강화"의 주요 내용을 요약정리한 것이다.

• 해운
• /
• no.5 s.63
• /
• pp.18-22
• /
• 2009

작년 9월부터 시작된 미국발 금융대란으로 인해 반년이 지난 지금도 세계 각국에서는 그 휴유증을 앓고 있다. 하지만 경기에는 반드시 굴곡이 있는 법이고, 경기가 하락했다면 언젠가는 다시 상승한다는 불문의 법칙이 있다. 이에 포스코경영연구소(POSRI)에서는 '경기순환을 활용한 불황기 기업전략 보고서'을 내놓았다. 다음은 동 보고서를 정리 요약한 것이다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.173-180
• /
• 2021

Although accounting is one of the core fields of corporate management, few studies have reported accounting phenomena involving shipping companies. In addition, although financial reporting is very important to shipping companies that use several financial tools such as ship finance and financial lease, it is difficult to identify studies investigating shipping companies' financial reporting, especially their earnings management. The purpose of this study is to analyze accrual earnings management behavior of shipping companies. Companies with high debt ratios and net losses are known to have incentives for earnings management. Due to the nature of the industry, shipping companies have a high debt ratio and often report net losses. Accordingly, shipping companies are expected to engage in substantial earnings management. Based on the analysis of KOSP I companies listed on the Korea Exchange from 2001 to 2020, it was found that shipping companies are engaged in higher levels of earnings management than non-shipping companies. Discretionary accrual was used as a proxy variable for earnings management. Discretionary accrual was measured using the modified Jones model of Dechow et al. (1995) and the performance matched model of Kothari et al.(2005). In this study, significant results were derived by comparatively analyzing the earnings management practices, which is one of the major accounting behaviors of shipping and non-shipping companies. Stakeholders such as external auditors, investors, financial institutions, analysts, and government authorities need to be aware of the earnings management behavior of listed shipping companies during their external audit, financial analysis, and supervision. Finally, listed shipping companies must conduct stricter accounting based on accounting principles.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.137-157
• /
• 2013

Korean shipping industry is ranked the fifth largest in the world in terms of deadweight tonnage after Greece, Japan, Germany and China with 55 million DWT as of year 2011, and its size of foreign exchange earning marked 30 billion US dollars. In respect of volume of seaborne trade, it has handled 99% of import and export cargoes. Korean shipping fleets have increased from 420 to 979 ships between year 2003 to year 2011. By reviewing through the relating literatures, it has been found that Shipping Funds under Ship Investment Company Act, and Tonnnage Tax System, worked as positive influences to increase the Korean shipping fleets. However, there is scant of research to examine the following two points: 1) weighing the decision making factors of ship investments for Korean shipping companies, and 2) weighing the influential factors of government shipping policies. In this respect, the aim of this study is to evaluate 8 decision making factors of ship investments for Korean shipping companies, and 8 influential factors of government shipping policies. For weighing the factors, the fuzzy methodology was adopted. As the results, for the side of decision making factors of ship investments, 'shipping market conditions and future prospects', 'ship's price and future prospects, and 'securing cargoes and future prospects' are ranked as top 3 factors. For government shipping policies side, 'shipping finance provided by lease companies', 'establishment of Korea Shipping Guarantee Fund', and 'establishment of Korea Shipping Finance Corporation' are verified as the important factors.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.67-78
• /
• 2018

This paper aims to investigate the nature of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in liner shipping industries, study the organization's general characteristics which could help to promote such CRM practices, and analyze the relationship between the CRM and the organization's effectiveness. The result of analysis shows that the organizational characteristics which affect the CRM most in shipping industries are the market orientation and the CEO's support. In particular, the CRM was proven to have significant impact on employee satisfaction, service competitiveness enhancement, financial performance, customer satisfaction and the repurchase intention of the customers. This study also suggests that the CRM of liner shipping industries should be enforced comprehensively in synchronization with organizational characteristics, such as organizational culture and organizational systems. Based on such organizational characteristics, the noted CRM strategies were justified to have significantly impacted the overall management performance of the organizational performance of shipping industries and the customer's satisfaction and repurchase intention. This study would be appreciated as a meaningful analysis on the CRM in liner shipping industries which pursues the best interests of both shipping companies and customers.

• 해운
• /
• s.93
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2012

최근 해운시장에서 가장 이슈가 되는 주저는 해운시황 전망과 선사의 유동성 확보 대책으로 집약된다. 현재 해운시장에서는 해운시황 전망, 특히 운임회복 시기 문제가 가장 중심적인 이슈이다. 그리고 국내선사의 공통적인 문제인 유동성 확보 제, 이에 대한 해결책으로 거론되는 Primary CBO 발행과 패스트 트랙(Fast Track) 문제 등도 중요한 이슈로 거론되고 있다. 또한 선사 경영(수익성)에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 유가 문제, 이를 해결하기 위한 방편에서 선박 연료유 헷징과 공동구매도 관심을 물고 있는 문제가 있다. 유가 문제는 과거의 해운 불황기에 크게 문제가 되지 않았으나, 최근에는 해운기업의 경영난을 가장 크게 가중시키고 있다. 한편 해운시장에서 국적선사를 더욱 어렵게 하는 요인은 국내 대량화물의 외국적 선사의 참여문제이다. 석탄, 철광선, LNG 등의 대량화물은 국가경제발전에도 매우 중요한 전략물자임과 동시에 선사입장에서도 가장 중요한 화물임에도 외국적 선사의 수송이 근절되지 않고 계속 늘어나고 있다. 다음은 한국해양수산개발원 황진회 센터장이 발표한 "최근 해운시장 이슈와 대응"의 주요 내용을 요약 정리한 것이다.

• 해운
• /
• no.6 s.28
• /
• pp.36-36
• /
• 2006

• The Journal of shipping and logistics
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.615-635
• /
• 2018

Using data from 2008 to 2017, this study analyzed the financial characteristics of offshore freight shipping companies in Korea, categorized by vessel type, and their impact on business performance. The analysis showed an upward trend in the overall debt ratio of offshore freight transport companies and differences in the financial characteristics of each vessel type as well as the major factors affecting business performance. In particular, the significant factors affecting the ROA performance of the business are the size of business and debt ratio in the LPG line; the growth rate in the bulk line; the size of business, debt ratio, and year in the general freight line; and the size of business, growth rate, entertainment expense rate, debt ratio, and year in the full container line. Therefore, each shipping company needs to recognize differences in key financial factors affecting its performance based on vessel type, implement proactive measures, and diversify its vessel portfolio.